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No description available.

Les Nubi, une communauté musulmane répartie principalement entre l'Ouganda, le Kenya et la Tanzanie, sont originaires du Sud du Soudan. Ils sont arrivés à la fin du 19ème siècle en Afrique de l'Est, mais ils sont conservé leurs traditions et surtout leur langue : le kinubi. Il s'agit d'un créole arabe, proche du parler de Juba (Soudan), fortement influencé par le kiswahili (et l'anglais). Le but de cette recherche est de comparer le parler de Mombasa à ceux de Kibera (Kenya) et de Bombo (Ouganda), et d'analyser l'importance et les causes de l'influence du kiswahili sur cette langue, sur le plan du vocabulaire et de la grammaire. The Nubi, a Muslim community living mainly in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, originate from Southern Sudan, which they left at the end of the 19th century. They kept their traditions alive, as well as their language : the Kinubi. This language is an Arabic based Creole, related to Juba Arabic (Sudan) but strongly influenced by Swahili (and English). Our aim is to compare the Kinubi spoken in Mombasa with the one of Kibera (Kenya) and Bombo (Uganda), and to analyze the way Swahili influences this language, in both vocabulary and grammar, as well as the reasons of this phenomenon.

Crop residues can make a significant contribution to the energy sector in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to identify the availability and spatial distribution of crop residues and their energy potential through the creation of a Geographical Information System (GIS) model. This information is important to the successful utilisation of these residues. In addition, a GIS tool was created that automates the resource estimation process for the purpose of identifying potential biomass energy plant sites. This study was conducted considering six provinces: Rift Valley, Western, Nyanza, Eastern, Central and Coast. The Rift Valley Province was selected as the case study for model tool creation and the crops considered in the study were maize, wheat, rice and sugarcane. The study was a quantitative one entailing the collection of secondary data in the form of crop production statistics and spatial data which comprised population, land use and road shape files and analysis using GIS. Residues to Product Ratios were used to estimate the amount of crop residues while Lower Heating Values assessed the energy potential. Moreover, ArcGIS Model Builder was used to create the GIS model tool for the feasibility of a potential biomass energy plant. The results of this study indicated the amount of crop residues that can be generated in Kenya to be about 7,384,600 tonnes with an energy potential of approximately 124,300 TJ/year. Rift Valley Province was found to have the highest residue generation of about 3,866,000 tonnes with a corresponding energy potential of about 64,800 TJ/year. The GIS model showed that the Rift Valley Province and Uasin Gishu, Trans Nzoia, and Nandi districts all had the potential for high residue generation resulting from their high agricultural production and high yields. The modelling tool was also able to demonstrate the increase in the amount of crop residues that can be collected using different radii around a potential biomass plant. The main conclusion was that crop residues have a high potential for energy generation in Kenya. In addition, a GIS model tool was created for Rift Valley Province which can be transferred to any other region, in order for the local energy planners to supply the model with their own parameters to obtain locally based results.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

A public orthodontic system generally is designed to prioritize patients so that those who have the greatest need receive treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective perceptions of the occlusal appearance of 11 to 12 year-old schoolchildren of Nairobi with the modified Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The objectives were to assess the children&rsquo / s perception of their occlusal appearance, categorise the occlusal appearance using the AC scale, by both the children and researcher / and to compare the children&rsquo / s&rsquo / perception and the AC of the IOTN.