The general object of study of this work is the rise and effects of competing visions in the construction of the subjective personal American landscape in 20th century North American travel literature. The research and analysis done will follow the idea that there are different visions of America present at the same time in a given text-character. These visions, when affecting and transforming the travelling experience and, when contrasted to other’s visions and compared between them, may allow for the appropriation of the landscape through the creation of a personal, intimate and polyphonic image of the same. In order to grasp this final vision characters must undergo a process with three stages that resemble an empiric scientific experiment. Is on the exploration of this experimental dimension from where we start this study.

In this thesis I examine the ideological mechanisms that work to constitute, construct, and maintain subject identity. Such mechanisms include repetition, performativity, identification, and interpellation. I incorporate structuralist, post-structuralist, and psychoanalytic theories as a means to discuss the ways in which gender, sexuality, and identity are performative masquerades. Furthermore, these ideological mechanisms and heteronormative paradigms have the paradoxical power to produce both incurable melancholia and unrealized possibilities alike. Given this conversation, I turn to theorists such as Louis Althusser, Slavoj ��i��ek, and Judith Butler; these theorists employ different theoretical approaches and consequently their explanations regarding how and why identity is manufactured frequently differ. From this productive point of difference, I apply the theories to a literary analysis of Jack Kerouac's On the Road and Ernest Hemingway's The Garden of Eden. Paired together, the critical theories and literary works act to complicate and nuance each other, and collectively introduce valuable insights regarding who or what is subject. / Graduation date: 2013

BRITO, João Luiz Teixeira de. Poética beat no cinema: “Howl” e On the road. 2015. 228f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-06-08T11:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jltbrito.pdf: 3466253 bytes, checksum: 20edd3103d946df889c4ffe55c09431e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-06-08T12:59:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jltbrito.pdf: 3466253 bytes, checksum: 20edd3103d946df889c4ffe55c09431e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-08T12:59:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jltbrito.pdf: 3466253 bytes, checksum: 20edd3103d946df889c4ffe55c09431e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This paper constitutes a comparative study between the pinnacle works of the American beat generation of the twentieth century (“Howl”, by Allen Ginsberg, and On the road, by Jack Kerouac) e their filmic adaptations produced in the first decade of the twentieth first century. Our goal is to bring forth a dialogue established by these four objective elements, based on the analysis of the congress of their individual poetics, and, in light of this, to contribute to a process that appears to be contemporarily inescapable, the relations between cinema and literature. To this end, the following dissertation will consist of the study of regularities of behavior in the adaptation process presented in the corpus before us as a means of deducing and describing possible systemic norms that underlie and regulate the transpositions between the beat literary system and the contemporary cinematographic system. On the other hand, but not separately, as we understand adaptation as rounded semiotic systems, we must consider the contexts in which they are inserted and what relations they actualize within their arrival system, not only that but investigate possible analogies to the departure system, We hope to demonstrate that these different strands of the problem are intertwined and connected if we create a common filed of tension in which the art-works are able to sustain dialogue – this we endeavored to do with the stablishment of an organizing principle, the common theme of madness. Our goal is, ultimately, to try to equate the importance of the product of adaptation and its counterpart in our analysis, transforming the field of Translation Studies into something closer to Compared Studies – of Literature or Cinema, as if our objects of research were ontologically comparable entities. We base our endeavor to achieve this task in the works of Walter Benjamin (2012), Mikhail Bakhtin (2010), Itamar Even-Zohar (1990), Jacques Derrida (1995), Maurice Blanchot (1987), Michel Foucault (1989), Gideon Toury (1995), Patrick Catrysse (1992), amongst others. / Este trabalho constitui um estudo comparativo entre as produções literárias pinaculares da geração beat americana de meados do século XX (“Howl” de Allen Ginsberg e On the Road de Jack Kerouac) e as suas reescrituras fílmicas produzidas na primeira década do século XXI. Procuramos aqui trazer a diálogo as quatro obras e, fundamentando-nos em uma análise do congresso de suas poéticas, contribuir para o estudo de um processo que nos parece contemporaneamente inescapável, a relação entre cinema e literatura. Para tanto, a presente dissertação consistirá do estudo das regularidades de comportamento do processo tradutor apresentadas no corpus que nos é possível analisar de modo a deduzir e descrever as possíveis normas sistêmicas que subjazem e regulam as transposições entre o sistema literário beat e o sistema cinematográfico contemporâneo. Por outro lado, mas não separadamente, na medida em que enxergamos as adaptações como sistemas semióticos acabados, devemos considerar os contextos em que elas se inserem e que relações elas desenvolvem dentro do sistema de chegada, além de investigarmos possíveis analogias com os contextos e sistemas de partida. Esperamos demonstrar que estes lados do problema se interligam se criarmos um campo tenso comum em que as obras possam dialogar, o que buscamos fazer através do estabelecimento de um princípio organizador, o tema comum da loucura. Nossa proposta é, finalmente, tentar igualar a importância do produto da tradução e do elemento de partida em nossa análise, transformando o campo dos estudos da tradução em algo mais próximo dos Estudos Comparados – de Cinema ou Literatura, como se nossos objetos fossem seres ontologicamente equiparáveis. Pautamo-nos, para realizar esta tarefa, nos trabalhos de Walter Benjamin (2012), Mikhail Bakhtin (2010), Itamar Even-Zohar (1990), Jacques Derrida (1995), Maurice Blanchot (1987), Michel Foucault (1989), Gideon Toury (1995), Patrick Catrysse (1992), entre outros.

Ce mémoire en recherche-création se décline en deux parties; un roman et un essai. Le roman et l'essai se répondent, en traitant tous les deux de la période des années 50, qui représente le contexte du roman On the Road qui sera analysé dans l'essai, mais aussi le moteur créatif qui a inspiré le roman Cuvée 44. Le roman, Cuvée 44, s'inspire de la filiation des romans de route et de quête personnelle dont On the Road est un des précurseurs. Il relate la vie mouvementée de Francine Boudreau, une jeune femme de quinze ans qui quitte son Québec natal en 1959 pour un monde de possibilités qui s'offrent à elle aux États-Unis, durant les années 50 et 60. Le lecteur est transporté un peu partout au pays, alors que la jeune femme tente de se poser quelque part. L'essai, quant à lui, traite de la réception de l'œuvre phare de Kerouac, On the Road, afin d'observer comment elle a évolué selon les décennies. En faisant ressortir les diverses critiques du roman de l'écrivain de la Beat Generation, on peut ainsi ressortir les différentes postures qui lui sont accordées au travers des époques, pour en voir les constantes et les disparités.

Cette étude s’attache à la figure de Jack Kerouac, liée de manière inédite à celle d’Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau par le truchement du thème de la pauvreté. Prenant ainsi le relais de la discussion sur la pauvreté amorcée par Gilles Marcotte, Jean Larose, Yvon Rivard et Yvan Lamonde, cette étude s’articule en deux étapes. Elle cherche d’abord, dans un premier chapitre, à identifier des échos entre les imaginaires de Garneau et de Kerouac. Elle montre aussi comment la pauvreté peut être à la fois vocation, aspiration et même posture chez chacun d’eux. Le deuxième chapitre, quant à lui, analyse l’héritage de la pauvreté de Kerouac, à l’aide de trois de ses romans : Visions of Gerard, On the Road et Satori in Paris. Enfin, ce mémoire met également en relief l’idée qu’il y a plusieurs liens à faire entre la littérature québécoise et Jack Kerouac, mais que ces liens dépassent une simple communauté de langue et tiennent plutôt à une réflexion autour de l’identité canadienne-française et d’un héritage culturel problématique commun / This study engages with Jack Kerouac’s figure, and links it to Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau’s in through the theme of poverty. Invoking theorizations of the term by Gilles Marcotte, Jean Larose, Yvon Rivard and Yvan Lamonde in relation to Québec writers, this thesis will comprise two parts. In the first chapter, this study highlights some dialogic interlinkings between Garneau’s and Kerouac’s imaginaries. The point is to explain how poverty can simultaneously be a vocation, an aspiration, and a posture (as in Jérôme Meizoz’s study) for each writer. The second chapter analyzes what Jack Kerouac’s poverty heritage entails through a discussion of three of his novels: Visions of Gerard, On the Road and Satori in Paris. Lastly, this study also highlights that they are many links to be made between Québec literature and Jack Kerouac, but that these links go beyond a linguistic community; rather, they have to do with a negotiation of both French-Canadian identity and a problematic shared cultural heritage.