Resumo não disponível.

Resumo não disponível.

O propósito do presente estudo foi analisar as células epiteliais odontogênicas procurando um entendimento maior sobre a natureza e conseqüentemente o comportamento de algumas lesões odontogênicas. A expressão imunoistoquímica de p53 e PCNA foi analisada em cisto radicular, cisto dentígero, ceratocisto odontogênico e cisto odontogênico calcificante (Cisto de Gorlin) onde verificou-se que no cisto radicular e cisto dentígero a expressão dos marcadores está relacionado com proliferação e stress celular causado pelo estímulo inflamatório e em ceratocisto odontogênico e Cisto de Gorlin a expressão dos marcadores corresponde a proliferação celular não descartando também a presença de mutação no gene TP53. Também foi observada a expressão de Ki-67, EGFR e Survivin em folículo pericoronário, ceratocisto odontogênico e cisto dentígero que mostrou que as células epiteliais dos folículos pericoronários têm potencial proliferativo para formar lesões odontogênicas e que a proliferação das células do cisto dentígero é relacionada com o estímulo inflamatório. Todos os marcadores estudados comprovaram a natureza neoplásica do ceratocisto odontogênico. / The purpose of this study was to analyze odontogenic epithelial cells to contribute to the knowledge about their nature and, consequently, about the behavior of certain odontogenic lesions. Immunohistochemical expressions of p53 and PCNA were analyzed in radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and calcifying odontogenic cysts (Gorlin cyst). In radicular and dentigerous cysts, the expression of these markers was associated with cell proliferation and stress caused by an inflammatory stimulus. In keratocysts and Gorlin cysts, the expression of markers corresponded to cell proliferation. Results also showed possible mutation in TP53 gene. Also, Ki-67, EGFR and Survivin were expressed in pericoronal follicles, odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts, which demonstrated that epithelial cells of pericoronal follicles may proliferate to form odontogenic lesions and that cell proliferation in dentigerous cysts was associated with an inflammatory stimulus. The analysis of all markers under study confirmed the neoplastic nature of odontogenic keratocysts.

Resumo não disponível.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os cistos dos ossos maxilares sÃo classificados como odontogÃnicos e nÃo odontogÃnicos. Dentre os odontogÃnicos inflamatÃrios, destaca-se o cisto radicular, e entre os de desenvolvimento, o dentÃgero. Estes cistos e suas variantes apresentam etiopatogÃnese e comportamento biolÃgico diferentes, mas sÃo igualmente lÃticos. A atividade proliferativa do epitÃlio de revestimento, dos componentes da membrana basal e da matriz extracelular, possivelmente, interferem nos mecanismos de crescimento, constituindo alvos de pesquisas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relaÃÃo do infiltrado inflamatÃrio mononuclear com a expressÃo de marcadores de proliferaÃÃo (Ki 67) e das proteÃnas da membrana basal e matriz extracelular nos cistos radiculares. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional tendo sido realizado um levantamento dos casos catalogados no ServiÃo de Biopsia do Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal (FAMED) e no LaboratÃrio de Patologia Bucal (FFOE) (UFC). ApÃs a revisÃo histolÃgica, os grupos foram divididos em cisto radicular intensamente inflamado (CRII) (n=17), cisto radicular levemente inflamado(CRLI)(n=.9) e cisto dentÃgero (CD) (n= 9). A presenÃa e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatÃrio histiolinfoplasmocitÃrio e preservaÃÃo do epitÃlio de revestimento foram os parÃmetros utilizados para seleÃÃo dos casos. Os espÃcimes foram submetidos à reaÃÃo de imuno-histoquÃmica por estreptoavidina biotina, utilizando-se os anticorpos Ki 67 (DakoÂ, 1:50), anti-colÃgeno IV (DBSÂ, 1:40) e anti-laminina (DBSÂ, 1:20). A expressÃo de Ki 67 foi mais intensa no grupo CRLI, quando comparada ao grupo CRII e CD. A expressÃo de colÃgeno tipo IV na membrana basal foi significante no grupo CRLI, quando comparada com o grupo CRII e CD. Jà a imunomarcaÃÃo de matriz extracelular variou de ausente a fraca nos grupos CRII e CRLI, enquanto no CD se exibiu de forma fraca a moderada, sendo esta diferenÃa significativa. A expressÃo de laminina em membrana basal nos grupos CRII e CD foi negativa e no grupo dos CRLI foi fraca e pontual. Concluiu-se que a presenÃa e a intensidade do conteÃdo inflamatÃrio na parede dos cistos radiculares parecem modificar a expressÃo dos fatores de proliferaÃÃo no epitÃlio de revestimento, e colÃgeno tipo IV e laminina na membrana basal, mas nÃo interferem no comportamento do colÃgeno IV da matriz extracelular nos cistos radiculares. A expressÃo de componentes da membrana basal (laminina e colÃgeno tipo IV) à maior nos cistos radiculares com leve infiltrado inflamatÃrio. / Jawbone cysts are classified as odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts. The radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin, whereas the detigerous cyst is the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst. These cysts and their variations have different etiopathogenesis and biological behavior, but are equally lytic. The proliferation activity of the epithelial lining and the components of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix constitute targets of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of proliferative immunomarkers (Ki 67), and proteins of basement membrane and extracellular matrix in radicular cysts. In this retrospective observational study, all cases of jawbone cysts that had been recorded in the files of the Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine (FAMED), and of the Laboratory of Oral Pathology (FFOE) of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC) and reviewed. After histological revision, the groups were divided into heavily inflamed radicular cysts (HIRC) (n=17), slightly inflamed radicular cysts (SIRC) (n=9) and dentigerous cysts (DC) (n=9). The presence and intensity of the lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate and the preservation of the epithelial lining were the parameters used to select the cases. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using the standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The primary antibodies used in this study included Ki 67 (DakoÂ, 1:50), Anti-Collagen Type IV (DBSÂ, 1:40) and Anti- Laminin (DBSÂ, 1:20).The immunoexpression of Ki-67 was more intense in the SIRC group compared to the HIRC group and DC. Likewise, the immunoexpression of Anti-Collagem Type IV in the basement membrane of the SIRC group presented a statistically significant difference compared to the HIRC group and DC . The expression of laminin in the basement membrane and in group HIRC and DC was negative and the group of SIRC was weak and punctual. It was concluded that presence and severity of inflammatory content wall of radicular cysts appear to modify the expression of proliferation factors in the coating epithelium and collagen type IV and laminin in the basement membrane but not modific with the behavior of extracellular matrix in radicular cyst. The expression of basement membrane components (laminin and collage type IV) is higher in radicular cyst with mild inflammatory infiltrade.

O propósito do presente estudo foi analisar as células epiteliais odontogênicas procurando um entendimento maior sobre a natureza e conseqüentemente o comportamento de algumas lesões odontogênicas. A expressão imunoistoquímica de p53 e PCNA foi analisada em cisto radicular, cisto dentígero, ceratocisto odontogênico e cisto odontogênico calcificante (Cisto de Gorlin) onde verificou-se que no cisto radicular e cisto dentígero a expressão dos marcadores está relacionado com proliferação e stress celular causado pelo estímulo inflamatório e em ceratocisto odontogênico e Cisto de Gorlin a expressão dos marcadores corresponde a proliferação celular não descartando também a presença de mutação no gene TP53. Também foi observada a expressão de Ki-67, EGFR e Survivin em folículo pericoronário, ceratocisto odontogênico e cisto dentígero que mostrou que as células epiteliais dos folículos pericoronários têm potencial proliferativo para formar lesões odontogênicas e que a proliferação das células do cisto dentígero é relacionada com o estímulo inflamatório. Todos os marcadores estudados comprovaram a natureza neoplásica do ceratocisto odontogênico. / The purpose of this study was to analyze odontogenic epithelial cells to contribute to the knowledge about their nature and, consequently, about the behavior of certain odontogenic lesions. Immunohistochemical expressions of p53 and PCNA were analyzed in radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and calcifying odontogenic cysts (Gorlin cyst). In radicular and dentigerous cysts, the expression of these markers was associated with cell proliferation and stress caused by an inflammatory stimulus. In keratocysts and Gorlin cysts, the expression of markers corresponded to cell proliferation. Results also showed possible mutation in TP53 gene. Also, Ki-67, EGFR and Survivin were expressed in pericoronal follicles, odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts, which demonstrated that epithelial cells of pericoronal follicles may proliferate to form odontogenic lesions and that cell proliferation in dentigerous cysts was associated with an inflammatory stimulus. The analysis of all markers under study confirmed the neoplastic nature of odontogenic keratocysts.

Resumo não disponível.

Resumo não disponível.

In the broiler industry, chicks are often deprived of feed and water up to 48 h posthatch. This delayed access to feed (DAF) has been found to inhibit small intestinal development, compromising growth of the chick. To further understand the impact of DAF on small intestines at the molecular level, many developmental genes that regulate intestinal development were investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of DAF on early posthatch broiler small intestinal morphology, which includes villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD), and to quantify changes in regulatory genes, such as Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4), Marker of Ki-67 (Ki-67), Peptide Transporter 1 (PepT1), and Mucin 2 (Muc2), in response to DAF. The Olfm4 mRNA can clearly identify stem cells in the intestinal crypt, which allows VH and CD to be measured, while Ki-67 marks the proliferating cells. The peptide transporter PepT1 is located on intestinal epithelial cells and plays a critical role in transporting di- and tripeptides. Muc2, which is secreted from goblet cells, forms mucus that lines the intestinal epithelial cells acting as a layer of protective coating. Cobb 500 chicks, hatching within a 12 h window, were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: control with no feed delay (ND), 24 h feed delay (D24), and 36 h feed delay (D36). Quantification of Olfm4, Ki-67, PepT1, and Muc2 mRNA abundance were investigated by quantitative PCR, in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 0 h, 24 h, 36 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h posthatch. Additionally, localization of cells expressing each gene was visualized using in-situ hybridization at all listed times except 168 h posthatch. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP Pro 14, and significant differences between treatments within a collection day were determined by t-test and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). In the ND group, duodenal CD at 0 h was greatest compared to all other time points. With DAF, the duodenal VH of D36 chicks was lower at 36 h (P < 0.001) and 72 h (P = 0.002) compared to ND chicks. In the jejunum and ileum, the VH of D36 chicks was lower at 120 h (P = 0.005) and 72 h (P = 0.03), respectively, compared to ND chicks. In contrast, the VH of D24 chicks at 24 h was greater than ND (P = 0.004) in the jejunum. There was no difference between treatments by 168 h in all intestinal segments. The CD was also lower in DAF groups compared to ND but only in the jejunum and ileum. In contrast, duodenal CD was greater in D24 chicks at 24 h (P = 0.039) and in D36 chicks at 36 h (P < 0.0001) compared to ND chicks, but the difference was no longer significant by 72 h. The VH/CD ratio was lower in all three segments, except the ileum displayed a greater VH/CD ratio in D24 and D36 chicks at 24 h and 36 h, respectively, compared to ND chicks. The mRNA abundance of Olfm4 and Ki-67 was greater in DAF groups upon refeeding, but not until 120 h. The PepT1 mRNA abundance was greater in DAF groups while the abundance of Muc2 mRNA was lower. This difference in mRNA abundance level was more prominent in the duodenum and jejunum. From the analysis of number and distribution of goblet cells found in the upper half and lower half of the villi, expressed as a ratio (VU/VL), a greater ratio was observed in delayed groups compared to ND. In summary, while DAF resulted in altered small intestinal morphology with an effect more pronounced in D36 than D24 chicks, upon refeeding, some genes important to intestinal development were upregulated as a response to the treatment. / Master of Science / In the broiler industry, chicks are often deprived of feed and water up to 48 h posthatch. This delayed access to feed (DAF) was found to negatively impact small intestinal development, compromising their growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of DAF on early posthatch broiler small intestinal morphology and to observe the changes in regulatory genes, such as the stem cell marker, proliferating cell marker, absorptive cell marker, and mucus producing cell marker, in response to the DAF. To simulate the DAF condition in the broiler industry, chicks with no feed delay (ND) were tested against chicks with DAF for 24 h (D24) and 36 h (D36). Quantification and cell localization of these cell markers were investigated in the small intestines at early posthatch. In general, DAF chicks had lowered intestinal villus height and crypt depth compared to ND chicks. The mRNA abundance of markers for stem cells and proliferating cells were greater in DAF groups upon refeeding. The mRNA abundance of markers for absorptive cells was greater in DAF groups while the mRNA abundance of markers for mucus producing cells was lowered as a result of DAF. In summary, DAF negatively impacted small intestinal morphology and altered the regulation of some developmental genes important to early posthatch chick performance.

A queilite actínica (QA) é uma lesão potencialmente maligna importante para identificar indícios precoces de transformação maligna para o carcinoma epidermoide de lábio (CEL), possibilitando a implementação de um tratamento eficiente e menos invasivo, que promova um melhor prognóstico para os pacientes. Pesquisas recentes indicam que os métodos histopatológicos geralmente são falhos em traçar o risco de malignização de casos de QA, pois além de não demonstrar as alterações genéticas presentes nos queratinócitos, não foram realizados estudos de acompanhamento clínico para avaliar se o grau de displaia epitelial da QA está relacionado ao risco de malignização para CE. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar, a partir dos casos atendidos no Serviço de Patologia Cirúrgica da FOUSP, qual a diferença de perfil clínico-patológico de pacientes de QA com evolução para CEL, pacientes de QA sem informações e sinais presentes de malignização e pacientes apenas diagnosticados com CEL, e também visou analisar a expressão de Ki67 e pRb nesses três grupos. Para isso, os dados dos pacientes como idade, sexo, cor da pele, aspecto clínico da lesão fundamental, coloração, tamanho e tempo de duração das lesões foram resgatados de 998 casos e distribuídos nessas três categorias. Os resultados da análise clínico-epidemiológica revelaram que o único aspecto clínico estatisticamente significante para diferenciar pacientes apenas diagnosticados com CEL dos demais grupos foi o tempo de duração das lesões. A análise do grau de displasia epitelial nos casos de QA na amostra presente revelou que todos os pacientes de QA posteriormente diagnosticados com CEL foram classificados como lesões de alto risco, e ainda exibiram em maior frequência as atipias: aumento do número de figuras de mitose, variação anormal do tamanho do núcleo, variação anormal do tamanho da célula e alteração da relação núcleo/citoplasma, figuras de mitose anormais e aumento do número e tamanho de nucléolos. Tanto a expressão da proteína Ki-67 como da proteína pRb não demonstraram significância estatística na comparação entre os grupos do estudo. Assim, a avaliação de uma ampla série de casos revelou diferença significante no tempo de duração do CEL com relação à QA. Além disso, algumas alterações morfológicas foram observadas com maior frequência em casos de QA com evolução para CEL. No entanto, outros marcadores biológicos devem ser testados em conjunto, para tentar diagnosticar alterações precoces que levem ao desenvolvimento de CEL. / Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lesion important to identify early signs of malignant transformation into lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), enabling the implementation of an efficient and less invasive treatment to patients. Recent researches pointed that histopatological methods often fail to trace malignization risk in AC cases, because they are unable to identify genetic damage in keratinocytes and do not exist a clinical follow-up studie to assess if the grading of epithelial dysplasia in AC is related with the malignancy risk to LSCC development. Thus, this research aims to characterize, from cases of Surgical Pathology Service of Universidade de São Paulo, the differences in clinical and pathological profile among AC patients which had evolution to LSCC, AC patients without signs and information about malignization and patients diagnosed only with LSCC. This study also analyzed the expression of Ki-67 and pRb proteins in these three groups. To conduct this study, data as age, gender, race, fundamental lesion aspect, color, size and duration time of the lesion were collected from 998 patients. The clinical-epidemiological analysis revealed that duration time of the lesion was the statistically significant clinical feature to differentiate patients diagnosed only with LSCC from other groups. The grading of epithelial dysplasia analysis showed that all AC patients with a posterior diagnosis of LSCC were classified as high risk lesions and these cases also exhibited most frequently atypia figures as: increased number of mitotic features, abnormal variation in nuclear size, abnormal variation in cellular size, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, abnormal mitotic features and increased number and size of nucleoli. The immunohistochemical expression of both Ki-67 and pRb protein demonstrated lack of significant statistical difference among the groups. We concluded that the evaluation of a large serie of cases revealed differences in duration time of lesion in patiens only diagnoses with LSCC and some morphological criteria were most frequent in AC cases with a posterior diagnosis of LSCC. However, other biological markers must be tested together, to try to identify early steps of LSCC development.