Bibliography: leaves 119-136.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

This KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) based study investigates hypertension, glomerulonephritides and the rarity of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) in Africans in association with the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). A retrospective hypertensive study found a positive association with HLA-B40 (P c<0.05) and HLA-B15 (Pc<0.02) in Indians and Africans respectively. No association was found in Whites. A prospective study showed glomerulonephritides to be positively associated with HLA-A33 in Indians (Pc 0.049). No associations were found with glomerulonephritides in Africans and Whites. Combined Race groups show no HLA associations. HLA-A30; HLA-A34; HLA-A29; HLA-B42; HLA-B58; HLA-B70 and HLA-DR11 were extremely significantly higher in Africans compared to Indians and Whites (all P<0.0001). In conclusion, HLA-B40 and I 1LA-B15 are possible disease susceptibility markers in Indian and African hypertensives; HLA-A33 is a possible disease susceptibility marker for glomerulonephritides in Indians and alleles in linkage might be responsible for the rarity of IgAN in Africans but further studies need to be employed. / Thesis (M.Med)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

Bibliography: leaves 119-136 / ix, 136 leaves, [9] leaves of plates : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1986

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 22, 2006). The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2006" Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

As células mesangiais (CM) são essenciais para a homeostasia glomerular. Além disso, têm papel crucial no desenvolvimento de glomeroesclerose em nefropatias crônicas. Demonstramos que as isoformas do repressor de transcrição TBX3, TBX3.1 e TBX3 + 2<font face=\"Symbol\">a, foram suprarreguladas precocemente por concentrações baixas de TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 em CM humanas. A superexpressão das isoformas não alterou a proliferação ou produção de MEC em CM. Entretanto, diminuiu a apoptose induzida pela privação de SBF. Ademais, o silenciamento do gene TBX3 sensibilizou as CM ao estímulo pró-apoptótico causado pela remoção do SBF. Por fim, observamos aumento da expressão protéica de TBX3 nos glomérulos e túbulos em um modelo de nefropatia, guardando correlação temporal com o aumento dos níveis de TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1, colágeno IV e fibronectina. Nossos resultados indicam que o gene TBX3 atua como um fator antiapoptótico nas CM e pode estar envolvido no mecanismo pelo qual TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 induz glomeruloesclerose e fibrose tubular durante a progressão das nefropatias. / Mesangial cells (MC) are essential for glomerular homeostasis. In addition, MC play a significant role in the development of glomerulosclerosis of chronic nephropathies. We demonstrated that the transcription repressor TBX3 isoforms, TBX3.1 and TBX3 + 2<font face=\"Symbol\">a, were upregulated by low concentrations of TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1. Selective overexpression of the isoforms did not affect MC proliferation or extracellular matrix production. However, TBX3 forced expression decreased apoptosis induced by FBS deprivation. Moreover, TBX3 gene silencing sensitized MC to the proapoptotic stimulus caused by SBF withdrawal. Finally, we observed an increase in TBX3 protein expression in glomerular and tubular regions in a model of chronic nephropathy (5/6 nephrectomy), temporally related to increased expression of TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1, collagen IV and fibronectin. Our results indicate that TBX3 acts as an antiapoptotic factor in MC in vitro and may be involved in the mechanism by which TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 induces glomerulosclerosis and tubular fibrosis during the progression of nephropathies.

In experimental membranous nephropathy, complement C5b-9-induced glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury leads to breakdown of glomerular peimselectivity and proteinuria. This study addresses mechanisms that limit complement-mediated injury, focusing on Ras. Complement-mediated injury was attenuated in cultured GEC expressing a constitutively active form of Ras (V12Ras), compared with Neo (control) GEC. V12Ras GEC showed constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, but inhibition of these pathways did not reverse the protective effect of Ras. V12Ras GEC showed smaller and rounder morphology, decreased F- to G-actin ratio, decreased activity of the Rho GTPase, Rac, and decreased Src activity. In V12Ras GEC, disruption or stabilization of the F-actin cytoskeleton reversed the protective effect of V12Ras on complement-mediated injury. Thus, the protective effect of V12Ras may be dependent on remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the reduction of Src activity due to Ras activation may alter the equilibrium in activities of Rho GTPases, a family of proteins known regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of Ras signaling is a novel pathway to consider in developing strategies for cytoprotection in complement-mediated injury.

As células mesangiais (CM) são essenciais para a homeostasia glomerular. Além disso, têm papel crucial no desenvolvimento de glomeroesclerose em nefropatias crônicas. Demonstramos que as isoformas do repressor de transcrição TBX3, TBX3.1 e TBX3 + 2<font face=\"Symbol\">a, foram suprarreguladas precocemente por concentrações baixas de TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 em CM humanas. A superexpressão das isoformas não alterou a proliferação ou produção de MEC em CM. Entretanto, diminuiu a apoptose induzida pela privação de SBF. Ademais, o silenciamento do gene TBX3 sensibilizou as CM ao estímulo pró-apoptótico causado pela remoção do SBF. Por fim, observamos aumento da expressão protéica de TBX3 nos glomérulos e túbulos em um modelo de nefropatia, guardando correlação temporal com o aumento dos níveis de TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1, colágeno IV e fibronectina. Nossos resultados indicam que o gene TBX3 atua como um fator antiapoptótico nas CM e pode estar envolvido no mecanismo pelo qual TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 induz glomeruloesclerose e fibrose tubular durante a progressão das nefropatias. / Mesangial cells (MC) are essential for glomerular homeostasis. In addition, MC play a significant role in the development of glomerulosclerosis of chronic nephropathies. We demonstrated that the transcription repressor TBX3 isoforms, TBX3.1 and TBX3 + 2<font face=\"Symbol\">a, were upregulated by low concentrations of TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1. Selective overexpression of the isoforms did not affect MC proliferation or extracellular matrix production. However, TBX3 forced expression decreased apoptosis induced by FBS deprivation. Moreover, TBX3 gene silencing sensitized MC to the proapoptotic stimulus caused by SBF withdrawal. Finally, we observed an increase in TBX3 protein expression in glomerular and tubular regions in a model of chronic nephropathy (5/6 nephrectomy), temporally related to increased expression of TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1, collagen IV and fibronectin. Our results indicate that TBX3 acts as an antiapoptotic factor in MC in vitro and may be involved in the mechanism by which TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b1 induces glomerulosclerosis and tubular fibrosis during the progression of nephropathies.

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