The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme was born out of international security concerns triggered by rebel groups that were using the proceeds of rough diamonds to fund conflict. Rebel groups used rough diamonds, acquired through gross human rights abuses, to fund conflicts aimed at overthrowing legitimate governments. The situation was particularly calamitous and ruinous in Angola, Sierra Leone, Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In response to this situation a unique coalition of governments, civil society groups and stakeholders in the diamond industry, came together with the support of the United Nations and established a scheme to separate illicitly acquired diamonds from legally traded diamonds. The historical situation at the time allowed the KPCS to define conflict diamonds as "rough diamonds used by rebel movements or their allies to finance conflict aimed at undermining legitimate governments". However, the exploitation of Marange diamonds in Zimbabwe shows that the use of the proceeds of so-called conflict in diamonds is not limited to rebel movements aiming to wield power but such conflict can be political, economic and military in nature. In Zimbabwe, there was a link between human rights abuses and the ZANU PF led government. ZANU PF financed terror using Marange diamonds. There was international dissatisfaction with the way the KPCS scheme certified Marange diamonds. The USA maintained sanctions on Zimbabwe and Global Witness withdrew from the scheme in protest over the refusal of the scheme to evolve. On the other hand, some participant countries applauded the scheme for its work in certifying Marange diamonds. This study evaluates the efficacy of the scheme in curbing conflict diamonds brought into legal trade by legitimate governments. The study concludes that there is need for reform in the KPCS to successfully separate conflict diamonds from clean diamonds in the face of changing forms of conflict. In meeting its objective, the KPCS applies an exclusion mechanism where participants of the scheme do not trade with non-participants. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules prohibit discrimination amongst participants and the KPCS clearly violated this rule. Scholars have debated human rights exceptions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). There is strong legal support for the idea that the KPCS is justified under GATT article XX and XI. The KPCS is presently operating under a waiver granted from by the WTO under article IX (3) and (4). Another challenge the scheme faces is the legal nature of the scheme. Scholars do not agree on whether to classify the scheme as hard law or soft law. There is a need for clarity on the legal nature of the scheme. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2009 / Background: In order to develop a balanced healthcare system, healthcare integration and inter-professional communication is important and allows for optimum healthcare benefits for a patient and improves cost-effectiveness. The chiropractic profession has been trying to improve inter-professional communication with the medical profession. Kimberly Hospital Complex (KHC) is a tertiary provincial hospital situated in the Northern Cape and since 1998, a permanent chiropractic post exists at this hospital, making it the only state hospital in South Africa with a full-time chiropractic clinic and post. Purpose: To determine the knowledge and perceptions of the medical staff about chiropractic at KHC. Method: This study was achieved by means of a questionnaire, which was modified to suit a South African context by means of a focus group. The questionnaire was personally delivered to 975 medical staff members at KHC. A response rate of 30% (n = 292) was achieved and the data was analysed using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, III, USA). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.3 years and most were female (78.9%, n = 289). Doctors (62.5%, n = 54) and therapists (61.6%, n = 10) had a higher knowledge percentage score than nurses (48%, n = 213) or other healthcare professions (56.8%, n = 15). Doctors (77.8%, n = 42), therapists (100%, n = 10) and other healthcare professions (69.2%, n = 9) were more inclined to think that chiropractic is an alternative healthcare service, while nurses perceived chiropractic as a primary healthcare service (43.3%, n = 91). Many respondents were unaware of the fact that Diagnostics, Emergency Medical Care, Pharmacology and Radiology are included in the chiropractic curriculum and that chiropractic leads to a Master’s degree. Seventy five percent (n = 203) believed that chiropractors are competent in the general medical iv management of patients, but they would still rather refer patients to physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons. Despite the poor level of knowledge of chiropractic, 79.2% (n = 224) believed that it is sufficiently different from physiotherapy to warrant two separate professions and few (24%, n = 69) perceived it as unscientific. A large proportion of the respondents (80.3%, n = 228) believe that chiropractic is not well promoted in South Africa and only 20.8% (n = 59) felt that they know enough about the profession to advise a patient. The majority wanted to learn more about the chiropractic profession (95.8%, n = 277), especially pertaining to the scope and the treatment employed by chiropractors. Seventy-nine percent (n = 212) believed that patients benefit from chiropractic at KHC and 95.4% (n = 268) felt that South African hospitals would benefit from chiropractic care. Conclusion: Due to the poor level of knowledge at KHC, an educational drive should be employed to educate the medical staff in order to increase their understanding of chiropractic and to aid chiropractic integration into the state hospital system of South Africa.

Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transformation of education in South Africa has provided broader and better opportunities to school communities to make more purposeful and effective changes to the culture of learning. The primary focus of this research is to accentuate the importance of school policy and its role in the management structure of the school. The new South African Schools Act (1996) allows for greater parent involvement, responsibility, power and rights. Consequently the governing body has been allocated decision-making powers regarding school policy formulation. A literature study to discuss the broad concept of educational policy and related concepts such as education system, governance and school policy, was undertaken. There was a specific focus on three policy areas, namely admission policy, discipline policy and uniform policy as well as the formulation of policy in schools. Empirical research was done at six selected schools through unstructured interviews with the persons concerned to collect the data. Policy gives direction, serves as a point of departure and gives power to the organisation. Written policy documents were absent at most of the schools due to the fact of insufficient training in policy formulation. Recommendations from the literature study could be useful to schools in fulfilling their needs. Key words: School policy; School management; Governance; Admission policy; Discipline policy; Uniform policy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die transformasie van die onderwysstelsel in Suid-Afrika bied groter en beter geleenthede vir skoolgemeenskappe om doelgerigte en effektiewe veranderinge aan die leerkultuur te maak. Die primêre doel van die navorsing is om die belangrikheid van skoolbeleid en die rol wat dit speel in die bestuurstrukture van die skool, te beklemtoon. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet (1996) het groter ouerbetrokkenheid, verantwoordelikheid, regte en magte verleen, met ander woorde die beheerliggaam het besluitnemingsbevoegdhede rakende die skool ten opsigte van beleidsformulering. 'n Literatuurstudie om die oorkoepelende begrip onderwysbeleid te bespreek en aanverwante begrippe soos, onderwysstelsel, beheer en skoolbeleid te verduidelik, is onderneem. Daar was spesifiek gelet op drie beleidsareas naamlik: toelatings, dissipline en uniformbeleid asook die formulering van 'n skoolbeleid. Die beIeidsareas is bespreek aan die hand van riglyne uit die Skolewet en die ontleding van data wat verkry is uit die ondersoek. 'n Empiriese ondersoek is by ses geselekteerde skole gedoen en die nodige data is deur ongestruktureerde onderhoudvoering met belanghebbendes bekom. Beleid gee rigting, dien as 'n vertrekpunt en gee mag aan 'n organisasie. Geskrewe beleidsdokumente het by meeste van die skole ontbreek en dit kan toegeskryf word aan 'n tekort aan opleiding in die formulering van skoolbeleid. Aanbevelings uit die literatuur kan deur die skole gebruik word indien dit die skool se behoefte bevredig. Sleutelwoorde: Skoolbeleid; Skoolbestuur; Beheer; Dissiplinebeleid; Toelatingsbeleid; Uniformbeleid.

Dissertation presented to the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2009 / Background: In order to develop a balanced healthcare system, healthcare integration and inter-professional communication is important and allows for optimum healthcare benefits for a patient and improves cost-effectiveness. The chiropractic profession has been trying to improve inter-professional communication with the medical profession. Kimberly Hospital Complex (KHC) is a tertiary provincial hospital situated in the Northern Cape and since 1998, a permanent chiropractic post exists at this hospital, making it the only state hospital in South Africa with a full-time chiropractic clinic and post. Purpose: To determine the knowledge and perceptions of the medical staff about chiropractic at KHC. Method: This study was achieved by means of a questionnaire, which was modified to suit a South African context by means of a focus group. The questionnaire was personally delivered to 975 medical staff members at KHC. A response rate of 30% (n = 292) was achieved and the data was analysed using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, III, USA). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.3 years and most were female (78.9%, n = 289). Doctors (62.5%, n = 54) and therapists (61.6%, n = 10) had a higher knowledge percentage score than nurses (48%, n = 213) or other healthcare professions (56.8%, n = 15). Doctors (77.8%, n = 42), therapists (100%, n = 10) and other healthcare professions (69.2%, n = 9) were more inclined to think that chiropractic is an alternative healthcare service, while nurses perceived chiropractic as a primary healthcare service (43.3%, n = 91). Many respondents were unaware of the fact that Diagnostics, Emergency Medical Care, Pharmacology and Radiology are included in the chiropractic curriculum and that chiropractic leads to a Master’s degree. Seventy five percent (n = 203) believed that chiropractors are competent in the general medical iv management of patients, but they would still rather refer patients to physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons. Despite the poor level of knowledge of chiropractic, 79.2% (n = 224) believed that it is sufficiently different from physiotherapy to warrant two separate professions and few (24%, n = 69) perceived it as unscientific. A large proportion of the respondents (80.3%, n = 228) believe that chiropractic is not well promoted in South Africa and only 20.8% (n = 59) felt that they know enough about the profession to advise a patient. The majority wanted to learn more about the chiropractic profession (95.8%, n = 277), especially pertaining to the scope and the treatment employed by chiropractors. Seventy-nine percent (n = 212) believed that patients benefit from chiropractic at KHC and 95.4% (n = 268) felt that South African hospitals would benefit from chiropractic care. Conclusion: Due to the poor level of knowledge at KHC, an educational drive should be employed to educate the medical staff in order to increase their understanding of chiropractic and to aid chiropractic integration into the state hospital system of South Africa. / M

For my thesis I have chosen to design an Advanced Fitness Research Center in Kimberley. The primary theme for my project is Motile Phenomenology: A Spatial Exploration of Architecture. My concept for Fitness Research Centre is to explore aspects around space environment and form so as to understand what elements in architecture motivates the users of such spaces. By understanding this dynamic, I will be able to imagine and create certain spaces that serves the differing needs of people using that space. In doing so I would further like to explore how architecture can be possibly designed to get the most out of the experience of each individual. This will help me understand the notion that multi-use spaces should and can be designed to provide a range of experiences created by both the space - “a three-dimensional extension we inhabit” and the designed structure of something - “the form itself” Architectural phenomenology is the way in which individuals reflect emotion over space, and it is through the use of materials and geometries that space can be instinctually constructed in order to impose certain intended reflections upon the users. Space created is not just a combination of forms and materials, but rather for the interface connecting the two. If architecture is created to primarily deal with the surfaces and enclosures it producers with the intention of been occupied by the body, then architects have the ability to design and fabricate technologies which are constructed and realised for the sole purpose of been sensitive to the needs of the users exploring that space. It is through the use of materials and geometries that space can be instinctually constructed in order to impose certain intended reflection upon the users. The architects imagination can somewhat play a very important role in presenting interaction between human body, space created and architecture. Although architecture depends on the materials used for its function and purpose, it is ultimately the relationship between the form and the subject than rather just the performance of the material itself.

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the various types of onsite greywater treatment facilities available at two housing communities (Hull Street and Moshoeshoe Eco Village) in Kimberley, South Africa. The objective was to undertake a close observation through personal experience of the installations, measure water consumption and greywater produced, do an inventory of household cleaning chemicals and conduct interviews of different stake-holders of the Housing Project to find out their views on greywater and Ecosan issues. The study was conducted between June and August 2006.</p><p>The average water consumption per household per day during the study period was 272 L and 170 L in Eco Village and Hull Street respectively. The average greywater produced per household per day was 190 L and 119 L in Eco Village and Hull Street respectively. In Hull Street, the average water consumed and greywater produced per person per day during this study was 51L and 36L respectively. Three main types of treatment systems were installed in the study area; sandfilters, infiltration pits and resorption trenches. The sandfilters were poorly designed and were not functioning properly. The infiltration pits though working they were experiencing problems of poor infiltration and required constant draining and maintenance in many homes, especially those that have high water consumption and produce much greywater. The resorption trenches that make use of aerobic mulch media followed by infiltration had been installed in one house unit and after about 7 months had not presented problems to the user. Close monitoring done on this facility for about 4 weeks showed proper functioning according to its design.</p><p>Quite a lot had been done over time to improve on the installations in Hull Street and Eco village. The toilet installations have been exchanged and a number of alternatives to improve on the treated greywater have been attempted. The users and the housing company’s personnel feel one of the major problems being encountered is in treating greywater. Appropriate ways to compost faecal matter are still being sought. Hence use of greywater, urine and composted faeces in urban agriculture by residents is yet to be visible and will need encouragement.</p><p>Generally, the residents at Hull Street and Eco Village like the community life, house structures and location. However, they wish that improvement be made in some areas to make life in these areas more comfortable. The residents of both Hull Street and Eco Village expect better greywater treatment facilities. The community in Hull Street requests shopping centres, sport facilities, fence around the area, and taxi services among others. It is important to note that many people did not ask for further improvements on the toilet systems which might indicate they are coping with the urine diversion alternative sanitation.</p><p>The user perception on whole was good, but the need for constant attention and maintenance seems to offer a hurdle to the infiltration and sand filter facilities to treat greywater.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Geology and Geophysics, 2004. / "February 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-227).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 filemon_ke_dr_rcla.pdf: 3595270 bytes, checksum: fe777c131792428b6cb28f195196ddad (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O Sistema de Processo de Certificação de Kimberley foi instituído pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) no ano 2000. O Brasil que ocupa a nona posição no ranking dos paises produtores de diamantes, aderiu a esse acordo internacional que tem servido como um mecanismo de certificação de origem geográfica de diamantes brutos destinados à exportação e importação. Considerando-se a extrema importância na determinação da procedência dos diamantes brutos. Foi desenvolvida a presente pesquisa visando caracterizar lotes representativos de diamantes da província kimberlítica de Juína (MT), e dos distritos de Cacoal (RO), Espigão Dþoeste (RO) e Diamantina (MG), utilizando técnicas de fluorescência, espectroscopia infravermelha, fotoluminescência (PL), ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR) e Raman, além de estudos de morfologia, texturas de superfícies e granulometria. Os dados obtidos, através da análise estatística de populações das quatro áreas diamantíferas estudadas mostraram predomínio de diamantes de cor marrom em Juína, e de pedras incolores nos distritos do Cacoal, Espigão Dþoeste e Diamantina. A província de Juína destaca-se pela presença de fragmentos irregulares e raríssimos cristais dodecaedros e octaedros, enquanto nos distritos de Diamantina e de Espigão Dþoeste predominam diamantes com hábito dodecaedro. O comportamento ao infravermelho mostrou, na província kimberlítica de Juína uma proporção elevada de diamantes tipo IIa (15%), diamantes tipo IaB (20%) e diamantes tipo IaAB (65%) apresentando este último, alto estado de agregação do nitrogênio. Os diamantes dos distritos de Cacoal, Espigão Dþoeste e Diamantina enquadram-se na classificação do tipo IaAB, variando seu estado de agregação de nitrogênio. Observados sob luz ultravioleta, os diamantes estudados mostraram diferenças nas cores de fluorescência,... / In 2000 the United Nations established the Kimberley Process Certification System in order to avoid illegal diamond trading, especially those from the African continent Brazil, which holds the ninth position in the diamonds trading ranking has joined such international agreement that helps as a geographic origin certification mechanism for exporting and importing. Considering the importance in determining the unpolished diamonds origin, the present study have been developed with the aim objective to describe representative diamond amounts or lots from the Kimberlitic Province of Juína (MT), Cacoal (RO) and Espigao Df oeste (RO) and Diamantina (MG) districts. Using spectroscopy techniques, infrared, photoluminescence, electronic paramagnetic resonance and Raman have been used. In addition, other techniques and procedures such as morphology 1 surface roughness and granulometry were applied. Statistical population analysis of four studied diamond bearing areas indicated several particular characteristics. Where some colors highly predominate in a determined region. Brownish colored diamonds are predominant in Juína provence and colorless crystals are present in Cacoal, Espigão Dþoeste and Diamantina districts. The irregular habit is predominant in Juina Provence but rarely dodecahedral and octahedral crystals were found. In Diamantina and Espigao Dþoeste. Diamonds with dodecahedral habits are predominant. In the Juina kimberlitic province the infrared analysis have shown a high amount of type IIa (15%), type Iab (20%) and type IaAB (65%) diamonds, the last type bearing high nitrogen aggregation. Cacoal, Espigão Dfoeste and Diamantina diamonds were classified as IaAB type showing variations in the nitrogen aggregate state. Ultraviolet analysis showed different fluorescence colors for each province caused by variable rare-earth elements concentrations... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the various types of onsite greywater treatment facilities available at two housing communities (Hull Street and Moshoeshoe Eco Village) in Kimberley, South Africa. The objective was to undertake a close observation through personal experience of the installations, measure water consumption and greywater produced, do an inventory of household cleaning chemicals and conduct interviews of different stake-holders of the Housing Project to find out their views on greywater and Ecosan issues. The study was conducted between June and August 2006. The average water consumption per household per day during the study period was 272 L and 170 L in Eco Village and Hull Street respectively. The average greywater produced per household per day was 190 L and 119 L in Eco Village and Hull Street respectively. In Hull Street, the average water consumed and greywater produced per person per day during this study was 51L and 36L respectively. Three main types of treatment systems were installed in the study area; sandfilters, infiltration pits and resorption trenches. The sandfilters were poorly designed and were not functioning properly. The infiltration pits though working they were experiencing problems of poor infiltration and required constant draining and maintenance in many homes, especially those that have high water consumption and produce much greywater. The resorption trenches that make use of aerobic mulch media followed by infiltration had been installed in one house unit and after about 7 months had not presented problems to the user. Close monitoring done on this facility for about 4 weeks showed proper functioning according to its design. Quite a lot had been done over time to improve on the installations in Hull Street and Eco village. The toilet installations have been exchanged and a number of alternatives to improve on the treated greywater have been attempted. The users and the housing company’s personnel feel one of the major problems being encountered is in treating greywater. Appropriate ways to compost faecal matter are still being sought. Hence use of greywater, urine and composted faeces in urban agriculture by residents is yet to be visible and will need encouragement. Generally, the residents at Hull Street and Eco Village like the community life, house structures and location. However, they wish that improvement be made in some areas to make life in these areas more comfortable. The residents of both Hull Street and Eco Village expect better greywater treatment facilities. The community in Hull Street requests shopping centres, sport facilities, fence around the area, and taxi services among others. It is important to note that many people did not ask for further improvements on the toilet systems which might indicate they are coping with the urine diversion alternative sanitation. The user perception on whole was good, but the need for constant attention and maintenance seems to offer a hurdle to the infiltration and sand filter facilities to treat greywater.

This study examines, in some depth, the rationale behind the tramway development that occurred in Kimberley. It also looks at the socio-economic impact that the tramways had on Kimberley’s development and growth, covering the period from 1880 to 2000. After the introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 looks at the overall evolution of tramway development in America, Britain and Europe, with a brief outline of its rise, decline and slow return to favour, which has seen the re-emergence of the tram in many cities. Chapter 3 looks at the area now occupied by Kimberley and sets the scene for the events that were about to unfold. This chapter also sketches an outline of the early development, which occurred on the Diamond Fields following the earliest diamond discoveries, as Colesberg Kopje was quickly transformed from a small hill to an ever-deepening hole in the ground. Chapter 4 of this study examines the machinations of the earliest, but stillborn tramway proposals, which came to naught amidst a host of unrelated but pressing issues, including the vital supply of water to the dry diggings. Other significant issues, which are included, are the great Smallpox Epidemic and the general feeling of uncertainty and unease on the Diamond Fields, which was to come to characterise and haunt the diamond mining activities for many years to come. v Chapter 5 looks at the Gibson Brothers’ rise to prominence with their Victoria Tramway Company, which despite setbacks and delays finally became operational in 1887. The chapter continues by explaining how the tramway survived, largely along British lines, using horse, mule, steam and electric traction, despite the difficulties posed by the Anglo Boer war, especially the Siege of Kimberley. However, as described in this study, the tramways served more than merely the provision of a means of public transport, although this was certainly the primary function. The tramways assisted in transforming a shanty town of tents and corrugated iron huts into a “proper” town, complete with all the trappings of civilisation, such as electric street lighting and theatres, and later on into a fully-fledged city. As the settlements expanded, the tramways were extended to serve the new fledgling suburbs, although it must be stated, sometimes with a certain degree of reluctance. This meant that Kimberley’s growth was not as a result of the expansion of the extending network of the tramways, but rather the other way around. This was partly because that prior to 1914, the tramways had been expected to generate a profit rather than a loss! Basic economic principles applied, and although the social responsibility of providing the inhabitants with an effective means of public transport was forthcoming, it came at a cost to the passengers, and the fares were never cheap. Chapter 6 looks at the two schemes considered by the Kimberley Borough Council, one of which became operational, but as an industrial undertaking only. The second, and more important scheme, proposed by the ratepayers of Ward 5, failed to find municipal support and thus the residents were compelled to wait until it was finally resurrected successfully in 1915. vi Chapter 7 examines the promotion of De Beers own tramway scheme into a highly professional Americanised electric interurban, linking Kimberley with the pleasure resort at Alexandersfontein. Despite difficulties, the system also developed into a successful tramway, which in 1914 was incorporated into the Kimberley Tramways, which also took over the operations of the Victoria Tramways Company as from 1 July 1914. Chapter 8 of this study looks at the challenges confronting De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited with assuming full responsibility for operating the Kimberley Tramways. The year 1914 was to prove a watershed in the fortune of the tramways, in that from the De Beers’ perspective, the tramways were now seen as part of a larger corporate initiative involving the provision of greater social responsibility for Kimberley. Thus running the tram service at a small loss was quite acceptable. Indeed it was perceived as part of the necessary price to be paid for “keeping faith with the inhabitants of Kimberley”. The main difficulty was the integration of two virtually separate systems and routes, plus three new extensions, into a properly integrated public system. This task would have been eased considerably had Kimberley been in the midst of an economic boom. Unfortunately the opposite was true, and Kimberley experienced more economic turbulence during the inter-war years than at any other period in its history. Somehow the trams kept operating for the full twenty-five year period of the concession, but thereafter even De Beers could not afford to continue. Sadly, the price of keeping faith, in monetary terms, did eventually rise to unacceptable levels. With annual losses exceeding £12,000 during the late 1930s, and the expectation that this figure would increase, closure was inevitable. Nevertheless, the public passenger service provided by De Beers offered Kimberley’s inhabitants the lowest tram fares in the country. Nevertheless, certain truncated sections of the system lingered on right through to the mid-1970s. vii Having operated the public passenger service for the residents of Kimberley for the full twenty-five year concessionary period on behalf of the Kimberley City Council, the tramways did eventually close in 1939. Had De Beers not closed the tramways when they did, the outbreak of the Second World War would most certainly have. Chapter 9 examines how the revival of the tramways was first mooted, until success was finally achieved. This study has also chronicled that through some strange quirk of fortune, some of the tramcars managed to survive, albeit on the De Beers industrial system, but survive they did, until the time came for their revival. Although today only one solitary tramcar survives in service, the spirit of the past is retained. Nevertheless, much more could have been achieved, but the initiatives offered were not acted upon. Thus tramcars that could have been restored were thrown aside as surplus to requirements, and bereft of their fittings, unceremoniously dumped in a scrap yard. The chapter continues with how the tramway has continued in operation into the twenty-first century, and so that today, it remains unique in Southern Africa. Having chronicled the socio-economic history of the tramways of Kimberley, Chapter 10 of this study attempts to put events in Kimberley into the larger global and South African perspective. It looks at what lessons can be learnt from Kimberley’s experiences in tramway operation, and considers whether Kimberley’s experiences with trams, combined with the light rail transit concept, offer any possible benefits or solutions towards solving some of South Africa’s current public transport needs. It concludes with recommendations for the future, including the suggestion for taking the original tramway concept and updating it to today’s modern-day counterpart, light rail transit. viii An interesting parallel with Bloemfontein is also explored, where trolley buses rather than trams, were introduced. The concept of other large South African centres of population such as Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban following Kimberley’s example in introducing tourist-orientated tramway systems, is also examined. In the section entitled The Road Ahead, the three present-day imperatives of public transport are examined. Having explained the nature of these three imperatives, namely; Strategic, Tactical and Operational, Kimberley is compared against each of these imperatives in turn, and then against modern day parameters. The two perspectives are then compared and comparisons drawn, showing both similarities and differences. The scope of the similarities are very apparent and the main difference is noted as being that South Africa’s current transport legislation appears better equipped to guide current and future transport policy, than previous legislation. Thus the study concludes by expressing the hope that Kimberley’s experiences with the provision of public passenger transport, covering the last one hundred and twenty years, can make a valuable contribution to the future wellbeing of public transport throughout Southern Africa. / Dr. C. W. V. Mostert Prof. J. Walters