Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-21T16:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-03-14T23:04:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T23:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LorenaSalesdosSantos.pdf: 1352571 bytes, checksum: 2801e8a31e96ffa7a23f46b603ca691f (MD5) / A presente tese analisa as aproximações e distanciamentos no processo de formação das protagonistas dos romances Ponciá Vicêncio, de Conceição Evaristo, Breath, Eyes Memory, de Edwidge Danticat, Lucy e The Autobiography of my Mother, de Jamaica Kincaid. Meninas negras , que sofrendo de um sentimento de não pertencer, realizam movimentos diversos impulsionados por esse sentimento. Esse movimento constante foi o que convencionei chamar de “movimento do não pertencimento” e é um dos mais importantes elos entre as narrativas. As protagonistas realizam suas movimentações de modos diversos, em seu crescer: em migrações transnacionais, dentro de seus próprios países ou mesmo em jornadas in situ. Para entender esse movimento constante e o processo dessas meninas em tornarem-se mulheres precisei utilizar um arcabouço teórico complexo que engloba questões relativas aos Estudos Pós-Coloniais, aos Estudos de Gênero, à Teoria Polissistêmica, aos Estudos das Questões Étnico-Raciais, além das questões referentes aos gêneros narrativos do Gótico e do Romance de Formação, no caso aqui estudado, em sua variação pós-colonial. Todas essas teorias receberam um tratamento crítico e uma abordagem que permitu seguir com elas apenas a “parte do caminho” que fizesse sentido para a compreensão da trajetória das protagonistas, propondo articulações e indagações que possibilitem entender as conexões de suas experiências como sujeitos diaspóricos e migrantes, mas também compreender suas especificidades. / This dissertation analyses the similarities and differences in the process of upbringing of the protagonists of the novels Ponciá Vicêncio, by Conceição Evaristo, Breath, Eyes Memory, by Edwidge Danticat, Lucy and The Autobiography of my Mother, by Jamaica Kincaid. Black girls, suffering from a feeling of not belonging, perform several movements which are propeled by this feeling. This constant movement is what I call “the nonbelonging movement” and is one of the most important links between the narratives. The protagonists perform their movements in many different ways during their growing up process: in transnational migrations, inside their own countries or even in journeys in situ. In order to understand this constant movement and the process this girls undergo to become women, I needed to use a large and complex scope of theories that include topics from Post Colonial Studies, Gender Studies, Polysystem Theory, Studies of Ethnical and Racial matters, as well as studies concerning narrative genres such as the Gothic and the Bildungsroman, here, specifically, in its postcolonial variation. All these theories received a critical treatment and the approach used allowed me to follow, with them, only a “piece of the way”, using only what made sense to the understanding of the protagonists’ trajectories, proposing articulations and questions that facilitated the comprehension of the connection between their experiences as diasporic and migrant subjects, but also of their specificities.

This thesis examines Antiguan narratives’ peculiar engagements with the national question. It draws largely upon the works of four writers—Jamaica Kincaid, Joanne C. Hillhouse, Marie-Elena John and Frieda Cassin—and selected calypsonians including Antigua’s leading female and male calypsonians, Queen Ivena and King Short Shirt. It reads anxiety as the chief organising principle of the singular deconstructions of gender, ‘racial’, ethnic, and class identities undertaken by these texts. I offer a retooled account of anxiety that elaborates the local/regional concept of bad-mindedness informing the core of the narratives’ deconstructive and recuperative projects. Chapter one probes the bad-minded delimiting of Antiguan literary production. It interrogates the singular cohesive Caribbean canon typically suggested by critical readings, which obscure the narratives/ literary traditions of smaller territories such as Antigua. It also highlights locally produced canons’ intervention into the dominant canons/maps of Caribbean literary traditions. Its discussion is underpinned by the concept of bad-mindedness which I use to frame the evils that locate the smaller territory and its inhabitants at the cultural periphery. Chapter two examines the texts’ enunciations of the bad-mindedness inherent in the construction of the composite gendered identities of 19^th century Creole women, 20^th century working-class Afro-Antiguan women and men, and 20^th century proletarian Carib women. It refashions Erna Brodber’s kumbla trope, Kenneth Ramchand’s notion of terrified consciousness, and Jamaica Kincaid’s line trope to elaborate these enunciations. Chapter three examines Antiguan calypsos’ record of the peculiar responses of small-islanders to their subordinate position within the ‘global village’ and continuing entanglement in British colonialism and neo-colonial relationships and processes. It draws upon Charles Mill’s theory of smadditization/ smadditizin’ or the Afro-Caribbean struggle for recognition of personhood and Paget Henry’s account of the dependency theory to analyse the calypsos’ anxious insistence upon Afro-Antiguan personhood. The primary conclusion of my thesis is that an engagement with the neglected literary traditions of the smaller territories and national literatures on the whole, is likely to excavate a cornucopia of currently sidelined experiences, issues, and transnational relationships which can only serve to enrich our postcolonial conversations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Eduardo_Revisado.pdf: 3489154 bytes, checksum: 3c327ee0bc47d79cd4af46e065105650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / Text retrieved from the Internet through Google and Yahoo queries are evaluated using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, a simple assessment measure of text readability. This kind of metrics were created to help writers to evaluate their text, and recently in automatic text simplification for undercapable readers. In this work we apply these metrics to documents freely retrieved from the Internet, seeking to find correlations between legibility and relevance acknowledged to then by search engines. The initial premise guiding the comparison between readability and relevance is the statement known as Occam s Principle, or Principle of Economy. This study employs Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level in text documents retrieved from the Internet through search-engines queries and correlate it with the position. It was found a centralist trend in the texts recovered. The centralist tendency mean that the average spacing of groups of files from the average of the category they belong is meaningfull. With this measure is possible to establish a correlation between relevance and legibility, and also, to detect diferences in the way both search engines derive their relevance calculation. A subsequent experiment seeks to determine whether the measure of legibility can be employed to assist him or her choosing a document combined with original search engine ranking and if it is useful as advance information for choice and user navigation. In a final experiment, based on previously obtained knowledge, a comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica encyclopedias by employing the metric of understandability Flesch-Kincaid / Textos recuperados da Internet por interm´edio de consultas ao Google e Yahoo s ao analisados segundo uma m´etrica simples de avaliac¸ ao de inteligibilidade textual. Tais m´etricas foram criadas para orientar a produc¸ ao textual e recentemente tamb´em foram empregadas em simplificadores textuais autom´aticos experimentais para leitores inexperientes. Nesse trabalho aplicam-se essas m´etricas a texto originais livres, recuperados da Internet, para buscar correlacionar o grau de inteligibilidade textual com a relev ancia que lhes ´e conferida pelos buscadores utilizados. A premissa inicial a estimular a comparac¸ ao entre inteligibilidade e relev ancia ´e o enunciado conhecido como Princ´ıpio de Occam, ou princ´ıpio da economia. Observa-se uma tend encia centralista que ocorre a partir do pequeno afastamento m´edio dos grupos de arquivos melhor colocados no ranking em relac¸ ao `a m´edia da categoria a que pertencem. ´E com a medida do afastamento m´edio que se consegue verificar correlac¸ ao com a posic¸ ao do arquivo no ranking e ´e tamb´em com essa medida que se consegue registrar diferenc¸as entre o m´etodo de calcular a relev ancia do Google e do Yahoo. Um experimento que decorre do primeiro estudo procura determinar se a medida de inteligibilidade pode ser empregada para auxiliar o usu´ario da Internet a escolher arquivos mais simples ou se a sua indicac¸ ao junto `a listagem de links recuperados ´e ´util e informativa para a escolha e navegac¸ ao do usu´ario. Em um experimento final, embasado no conhecimento previamente obtido, s ao comparadas as enciclop´edias Brit anica eWikip´edia por meio do emprego da m´etrica de inteligibilidade Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level