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Cette étude explore les stratégies de survie qu'Edwidge Danticat, Jamaica Kincaid et Toni Morrison développent dans leurs romans. Il s'agi de n'étudier que trois romans de chacune d'entre elles. Elles sont toutes trois de trois générations différentes. Une vingtaine d'années sépare chacune d'entres elles, et pour tant les thématiques qu'elles élaborent se font écho, sans pour cela que leurs stratégies d'écriture soient comparables. La première partie s'intéresse aux bases de la transmission de la problématique des noirs des Amériques: la mère, le père et la structure sociale, c'est-À-Dire la relation aux autres. La deuxième partie est centrée sur l'individu et ce qui en est dit dans les textes, mais aussi sur la marge de silence qu'ils expriment. La troisième partie étudie les stratégies qui s'élaborent depuis la marge puisque ces romans-Là, de manière intrinsèque, racontent la marge. La quatrième partie explore les stratégies de résilience qui se concentrent essentiellement sur le vivant qui, cependant, n'accède à la compréhension de ses propres stratégies de survie que trop tardivement. / Our purpose is to explore the survival strategies that Edwidge Danticat, Jamaica Kincaid ans Toni Morrison develop in their novels. Only three novels of each author were the objects of our scrutiny. The three novelists are Afro-American and Afro-Caribbean from three different generations. A bear 20 years stands between each of them, yet the themes they tackle echo each others even if their writing strategies seem different. Our first part deals with the bases of black lore transmission: the impact of the mother figure, the place of the father and the social structure which transmits cultural features through relationships between each individual. Our second part is centered on the experiences from the margin: what it is to live" outside" and the silences it implies. Our third part explains the strategies that are elaborated from that margin. Finally, yhe fourth part concentrates on resilience strategies even if the understanding of the phenomenon happens belatedly.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura

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This interdisciplinary study traces the relationship between place and ontology in anglophone and francophone Caribbean contexts, respectively, in selected fictional texts by contemporary Afro-Caribbean women writers Jamaica Kincaid and Gisèle Pineau. In particular, the thesis considers the ways in which notions of place are complicated by the fact that these authors are doubly diasporic. Kincaid and Pineau are of the African diaspora, and they are also migrant writers who travel back and forth between the Caribbean neocolonies and the neoimperia (the United States for Kincaid and France for Pineau). The Antiguan-born Kincaid relocated to the United States as an adolescent and continues to reside there today – despite not having renounced her Antiguan citizenship. Pineau was born and raised in Paris by Guadeloupean parents, who later transplanted the family to their Caribbean homeland when Pineau was an adolescent. After moving between the Caribbean and Paris throughout the ensuing decades, Guadeloupe is now her primary place of residence. Kincaid and Pineau, who are of the same generation and from neighbouring Caribbean islands, share fascinating points of intersection and divergence with regard to their treatment of place and ontology in their oeuvres. This project draws upon a number of theoretical paradigms and examines them in conjunction with Kincaid and Pineau’s fiction in order to discern whether or not these models are apposite to their work. Some examples are: decolonisation/decolonial, postcolonial, womanist and feminist, gender, critical race, psychoanalysis, trauma, ecocritical, spatial, semiotic, ethnographic, Marxian and post-Marxist, poststructuralist, deconstructionist, postmodernist, aesthetic and anti-aesthetic, and photographic theories. The thesis opens with an introductory chapter that locates my research within larger, ongoing discussions of place and ontology in the field of postcolonial studies. It also explains the methodological approaches of the project, in addition to brief descriptions of subsequent chapters. The first chapter of the investigative body of the thesis outlines the decolonising theoretical axiomatics which underpin Kincaid and Pineau’s fictional writings. Next I provide a chapter each on key works by Kincaid and Pineau in order to establish their individual thematic and formal concerns before turning, in the ensuing chapters, to connective readings of their texts within certain contextual frameworks. I also examine Kincaid and Pineau’s imbricated treatment of connecting themes that appear to ricochet throughout their corpora of writings. This linkage between landscape and ontology is fundamental to understanding migration experience in that multiple landscapes and cultures become rooted in individual and collective identities as complex biographic phenomena. Kincaid and Pineau address this relationship between the environment and (auto)fiction as a way of investigating the constitutive relations between place, body, and ontology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Photocopy. Supervisor: Helena Woodard. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (P. 156-160).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [192]-208).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Helena Woodard. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-04T21:04:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Márcia Maria Oliveira Silva.pdf: 1928321 bytes, checksum: 1d7715a416451082c3692eecd8a60357 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-04T21:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Márcia Maria Oliveira Silva.pdf: 1928321 bytes, checksum: 1d7715a416451082c3692eecd8a60357 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / CAPES / A literatura é capaz de contribuir significativamente para a compreensão da existência humana através da construção de mundos ficcionais. A literatura pós-colonial ganhou espaço e notoriedade porque revela a experiência de povos que viveram sob a marca da colonização e que continuam experienciando as consequências do passado colonizador. Esta literatura quebra o silêncio promovido pelo discurso do colonizador e busca o direito à fala e à recuperação do passado; percebe-se que na literatura produzida nas Américas a herança colonial ainda é muito marcante, as escritoras Jamaica Kincaid (Antígua-Estados Unidos), Dionne Brand (Trinitad e Tobago-Canadá) e Conceição Evaristo (Brasil) apresentam em seus textos uma conexão com o contexto pós-colonial e focam em questões socioculturais significativas para a reflexão e o entendimento de temáticas como etnicidade, raça, poder, sexo, gênero e classe social. As obras analisadas nesta tese apresentam personagens excluídos socialmente, revelando narrativas que se afastam de estereótipos socialmente construídos e estabelecem novos paradigmas. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo principal de analisar um total de 12 obras a fim de compreender a maneira como Kincaid, Brand e Evaristo desenvolvem noções como identidade, memória, diáspora e pós- olonialidade. Utilizamos como arcabouço teórico autores como Stuart Hall, Gayatri Spivak, Aníbal Quijano, Frantz Fanon, Alberto Memmi, Paul Gilroy, Roland Walter, Carole Boyce Davies, Aleida Assmann, Lélia Gonzalez, Eurídice Figueiredo, entre outros, com o intuito de comprovar que as interpelações identitárias vão se construindo através das experiências de cada personagem. As narrativas analisadas abordam sujeitos que são frutos das sociedades ‘multiculturais’, sendo que estas não escondem a existência de uma ‘consciência patriarcal/colonial/imperial’ que interferem diretamente no estabelecimento das relações sociais, revelando assim as nuances da colonialidade do poder e da subalternidade. As obras analisadas se estabelecem, portanto, na maneira como Kincaid, Brand e Evaristo compreendem as marcas do colonialismo na sociedade e nas relações humanas, bem como as nuances da opressão feminina e da opressão racial. / Literature is capable of contributing significantly to the comprehension of human existence through the construction of fictional worlds. Postcolonialist literature has gained ground and notoriety because it reveals experiences of peoples who lived under colonial rule and still experience the consequences of such a past. That literature breaks the silence imposed by the colonizer’s discourse, seeks for the right of speech and retrieval of the past. It is noticeable that the colonial heritage is still very present in the literature produced in the Americas. Writers such as Jamaica Kincaid (Antigua-United States of America), Dionne Brand (Trinidad and Tobago-Canada), and Conceição Evaristo (Brazil) present in their writings a connection to the post-colonial context, and focus on significant sociocultural issues such as ethnicity, race, power, sex, gender, and social class. The literary works analyzed in this thesis present socially excluded characters, revealing narratives that problematize socially-constructed stereotypes and establish new paradigms. This study aims to mainly analyze 12 books written by the aforementioned authors in order to comprehend how Kincaid, Brand, and Evaristo develop notions of identity, memory, diaspora, and postcoloniality. The theoretical framework of this study was based on scholarly publications of Stuart Hall, Gayatri Spivak, Aníbal Quijano, Frantz Fanon, Alberto Memmi, Paul Gilroy, Roland Walter, Carole Boyce Davies, Aleida Assmann, Lélia Gonzalez, Eurídice Figueiredo, and others, with the aim of proving that identitarian interpellations are built through each character’s experiences. The narratives analyzed deal with individuals who are results of ‘multicultural’ societies, these societies do not hide the existence of a ‘patriarchal/colonial/imperial conscience’ that interferes directly with the establishment of social relations, thus revealing the nuances of the coloniality of power and subalternity. The studied literary works established themselves, therefore, according to how Kincaid, Brand, and Evaristo comprehend the marks of colonialism in society and human relations, as well as the nuances of women’s and racial oppression.