Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Tübingen.

The reclamation of abondend open-cast mines in the region south of Leipzig raises many scientific questions. This research project focus on the simulation of groundwater recharge. The knowledge of the processes of water infiltration is necessary to control the recharge and quality of groundwater. Empirical and mathematical methods will be combined to estimate the groundwater recharge according to substrate, vegetation and landuse. For this purpose on the open-cast mine Espenhain two soil long-term observation stations under different landuse conditions (forest, agricultural area) were installed. The following parameters are measured in different levels up to 2 m depth continuously every 30 minutes: Soil water content, water tension, soil temperature. On the forest station stem flow and precipitation are determined. On the agricultural area open land precipitation, air temperature, air humidity and albedo are registered automatically. Soil water and rainfall are analyzed on heavy metal contents as well as different cations and anions. Parallel to the field measurements on the institute workstation the computer model WASMOD was used for long-term predictions of groundwater recharge. The WASMOD model is calibrated with the measured data of the observation stations and coupled with a geographical information system in order to obtain groundwater recharge for the Espenhain dump.

Technologische Prozesse führen zu spezifischen Verhältnissen der Lockergesteine in Tagebaukippen. Insbesondere in mit Zugabsetzern gekippten Mischbodenkippen - bedingt durch technogene Modifikationen - treten Materialinhomogenitäten auf, die, werden sie ungenügend respektiert, durch Interaktion zwischen Baugrund und Bauwerk zu unzulässigen Baugrundverformungen führen. Als besondere Lagerungsstrukturen werden Pseudokornstrukturen sowie die Eignung des Erkundungsverfahrens Drucksondierung nachgewiesen. Zuverlässigste Methode zur Bestimmung der tatsächlichen Deformationseigenschaften der Tagebaukippe sind Probebelastungen. Vom Grundsatz her sind Tagebaukippen locker gelagert und inhomogen. Jede Exploration des Baugrundes Tagebaukippe, insbesondere jedoch der Kippentyp Mischbodenkippe und daraus abgeleitete Entscheidungen sind Einzelfallentscheidungen. In der generalisierten Vorgehensweise sind in jedem Fall spezifische Vorbetrachtungen unabdingbar, um ein abgestimmtes Konzept der Exploration zu realisieren.

The reclamation of abondend open-cast mines in the region south of Leipzig raises many scientific questions. This research project focus on the simulation of groundwater recharge. The knowledge of the processes of water infiltration is necessary to control the recharge and quality of groundwater. Empirical and mathematical methods will be combined to estimate the groundwater recharge according to substrate, vegetation and landuse. For this purpose on the open-cast mine Espenhain two soil long-term observation stations under different landuse conditions (forest, agricultural area) were installed. The following parameters are measured in different levels up to 2 m depth continuously every 30 minutes: Soil water content, water tension, soil temperature. On the forest station stem flow and precipitation are determined. On the agricultural area open land precipitation, air temperature, air humidity and albedo are registered automatically. Soil water and rainfall are analyzed on heavy metal contents as well as different cations and anions. Parallel to the field measurements on the institute workstation the computer model WASMOD was used for long-term predictions of groundwater recharge. The WASMOD model is calibrated with the measured data of the observation stations and coupled with a geographical information system in order to obtain groundwater recharge for the Espenhain dump.

Technologische Prozesse führen zu spezifischen Verhältnissen der Lockergesteine in Tagebaukippen. Insbesondere in mit Zugabsetzern gekippten Mischbodenkippen - bedingt durch technogene Modifikationen - treten Materialinhomogenitäten auf, die, werden sie ungenügend respektiert, durch Interaktion zwischen Baugrund und Bauwerk zu unzulässigen Baugrundverformungen führen. Als besondere Lagerungsstrukturen werden Pseudokornstrukturen sowie die Eignung des Erkundungsverfahrens Drucksondierung nachgewiesen. Zuverlässigste Methode zur Bestimmung der tatsächlichen Deformationseigenschaften der Tagebaukippe sind Probebelastungen. Vom Grundsatz her sind Tagebaukippen locker gelagert und inhomogen. Jede Exploration des Baugrundes Tagebaukippe, insbesondere jedoch der Kippentyp Mischbodenkippe und daraus abgeleitete Entscheidungen sind Einzelfallentscheidungen. In der generalisierten Vorgehensweise sind in jedem Fall spezifische Vorbetrachtungen unabdingbar, um ein abgestimmtes Konzept der Exploration zu realisieren.

Recently observed cumulation of unexpected collapses of slope-distant waste dumps in lignite mining areas of eastern germany re-initiated research of soil liquefaction. Especially it turned the question of internal initials that correspond to water rise. Parallel to laboritory tests and field experiments a micromechanical model should be developed, which can reproduce processes in the soil during saturation. In first approximation a partly saturated soil consists of two phases: the soil particles and the pore fluid. For micromechanical modeling a coupling of discontinuum particles) and continuum (fluid) is required. The soil particles can be simulated with the Discrete-Element-Method (DEM). For the pore fluid, which is assumed to be a mixture of liquid and gaseous fractions, Pore scale model with Finite Volumes (PFV) is used. At low water content liquid bridges (meniscii) arise between the particles that cause an apparent cohesion. The effect of the meniscii is considered by a correspondingly contact law in the DEM model. During the saturation of a soil both, cohesive effect and fluid bulk modulus, are reduced. In addition buoyancy acts on the particles during the process. The micromechanical modeling approach has the advantage, that just a few model parameters are needed. The numerical model shows pore fluid pressures during saturation process, that leads to a reduction of effective stress. It is investigated how much the reduction is regarding porosity, degree of saturation, stress conditions and grain shape. Furthermore the influence of model parameters as well as hydromechanics is investigated. The investigations are completed with another series of experiments under special conditions like integration of macropores, horizontal fixed model boundaries and abrupt saturation.

Recently observed cumulation of unexpected collapses of slope-distant waste dumps in lignite mining areas of eastern germany re-initiated research of soil liquefaction. Especially it turned the question of internal initials that correspond to water rise. Parallel to laboritory tests and field experiments a micromechanical model should be developed, which can reproduce processes in the soil during saturation. In first approximation a partly saturated soil consists of two phases: the soil particles and the pore fluid. For micromechanical modeling a coupling of discontinuum particles) and continuum (fluid) is required. The soil particles can be simulated with the Discrete-Element-Method (DEM). For the pore fluid, which is assumed to be a mixture of liquid and gaseous fractions, Pore scale model with Finite Volumes (PFV) is used. At low water content liquid bridges (meniscii) arise between the particles that cause an apparent cohesion. The effect of the meniscii is considered by a correspondingly contact law in the DEM model. During the saturation of a soil both, cohesive effect and fluid bulk modulus, are reduced. In addition buoyancy acts on the particles during the process. The micromechanical modeling approach has the advantage, that just a few model parameters are needed. The numerical model shows pore fluid pressures during saturation process, that leads to a reduction of effective stress. It is investigated how much the reduction is regarding porosity, degree of saturation, stress conditions and grain shape. Furthermore the influence of model parameters as well as hydromechanics is investigated. The investigations are completed with another series of experiments under special conditions like integration of macropores, horizontal fixed model boundaries and abrupt saturation.:Einleitung Literaturauswertung Numerische Modellierung Modellstudien Ergebnisauswertung Zusammenfassung Extended summary