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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) and Kir2 composition of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) heart

Hassinen, M., Haverinen, J., Hardy, Matthew E., Sheils, H.A., Vornanen, M. 21 May 2015 (has links)
yes / Electrophysiological properties and molecular background of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) cardiac inward rectifier current (IK1) were examined. Ventricular myocytes of zebrafish have a robust (−6.7±1.2 pA pF−1 at −120 mV) strongly rectifying and Ba2+-sensitive (IC50=3.8 μM) IK1. Transcripts of six Kir2 channels (drKir2.1a, drKir2.1b, drKir2.2a, drKir2.2b, drKir2.3, and drKir2.4) were expressed in the zebrafish heart. drKir2.4 and drKir2.2a were the dominant isoforms in both the ventricle (92.9±1.5 and 6.3±1.5 %) and the atrium (28.9±2.9 and 64.7±3.0 %). The remaining four channels comprised together less than 1 and 7 % of the total transcripts in ventricle and atrium, respectively. The four main gene products (drKir2.1a, drKir2.2a, drKir2.2b, drKir2.4) were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in HEK cells for electrophysiological characterization. drKir2.1a was the most weakly rectifying (passed more outward current) and drKir2.2b the most strongly rectifying (passed less outward current) channel, whilst drKir2.2a and drKir2.4 were intermediate between the two. In regard to sensitivity to Ba2+ block, drKir2.4 was the most sensitive (IC50=1.8 μM) and drKir2.1a the least sensitive channel (IC50=132 μM). These findings indicate that the Kir2 isoform composition of the zebrafish heart markedly differs from that of mammalian hearts. Furthermore orthologous Kir2 channels (Kir2.1 and Kir2.4) of zebrafish and mammals show striking differences in Ba2+- sensitivity. Structural and functional differences needs to be taken into account when zebrafish is used as a model for human cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac diseases, and in screening cardioactive substances.
2

Kir2 potassium channels in rat striatum are strategically localized to control basal ganglia function

Prüß, Harald 14 April 2004 (has links)
Der Morbus Parkinson ist die häufigste Erkrankung der Basalganglien und wird durch einen Abbau der dopaminergen Neurone in der Substantia nigra des Mittelhirns verursacht. Um Wege zu finden, die Nebenwirkungen bisheriger Therapien dieser Erkrankung zu vermeiden, sollten neue Angriffspunkte für pharmakologische Interventionen gesucht werden. Prinzipiell ist dabei jeder Schritt einer Signaltransduktions-Kaskade zu prüfen. Dazu gehören präsynaptische Transmitterfreisetzung, G-Protein-gesteuerte Effektormechanismen oder Veränderungen prä- und postsynaptischer Potentiale, wie sie durch ein bestimmtes lokales Ionenkanalmuster festgelegt werden. Aufgrund ihrer enormen molekularen Vielfalt bei gleichzeitig weiter, aber spezifischer Verbreitung, stellen Kaliumkanäle interessante Angriffspunkte für neue therapeutische Strategien dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die zelluläre und subzelluläre Verteilung aller Mitglieder der Kir2-Familie, einer Gruppe von Proteinen, die einwärts-gleichrichtende Kaliumkanäle bildet. Zu diesem Zweck wurden polyklonale, monospezifische, affinitätsgereinigte Antikörper gegen den wenig konservierten carboxyterminalen Anteil der Kir2.1-, Kir2.2-, Kir2.3- und Kir2.4-Proteine hergestellt. Alle Untereinheiten der Kir2-Familie wurden an den Somata und Dendriten der meisten striatalen Neurone nachgewiesen. Zwei dieser Kanäle zeigten jedoch ein inhomogenes Verteilungsmuster: Das "patch"-Kompartiment des Striatums wurde von der Expression des Kir2.3-Kanals ausgespart, und das Kir2.4-Protein wurde am stärksten auf den tonisch aktiven, cholinergen striatalen Interneuronen exprimiert. Diese beiden Strukturen stellen die Schlüsselstellen für die Kontrolle und Regulation der dopaminergen und cholinergen Transmission im Striatum dar, weswegen ihnen eine zentrale Rolle für die efferenten Projektionen der Basalganglien zukommt. Die nachgewiesene heterogene Lokalisation der Kir2.3- und Kir2.4-Untereinheit an diesen strategisch relevanten Strukturen macht diese Kanäle zu viel versprechenden Angriffspunkten für zukünftige Pharmakotherapien. / Parkinson’s disease is the most frequent movement disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Intentions to avoid side effects of conventional therapy should aim to identify additional targets for potential pharmacological intervention. In principle, every step of a signal transduction cascade, such as presynaptic transmitter release, type and occupation of postsynaptic receptors, G protein-mediated effector mechanisms, and the alterations of pre- or postsynaptic potentials as determined by the local ion channel composition, have to be considered. Due to their diversity and their widespread but distinct localizations, potassium channels represent interesting candidates for new therapeutic strategies. As a first step, the present report aimed to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of the individual members of the Kir2 family in the striatum, a group of proteins forming inwardly rectifying potassium channels. For this purpose polyclonal, monospecific, affinity purified antibodies against the less conserved carboxyterminal sequences from the Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, and Kir2.4 proteins were prepared. All subunits of the Kir2 family were detected on somata and dendrites of most striatal neurons. However, the distribution of two of them was not homogeneous. Striatal patch areas were largely devoid of the Kir2.3 protein, and the Kir2.4 subunit was most prominently expressed on the tonically active, giant cholinergic interneurons of the striatum. These two structures are among the key players in regulating dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission within the striatum, and therefore are of major importance for the output of the basal ganglia. The heterogeneous localization of the Kir2.3 and the Kir2.4 subunits with respect to these strategic structures pinpoints these channel proteins as promising targets for future pharmacological efforts.

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