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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para a caracterização espacial de feixes lasers / Development of an automated system for the spatial laser beam characterization.

Santos, Moisés Oliveira dos 24 August 2007 (has links)
A demanda por qualidade nas aplicações envolvendo radiação laser exigiu melhorias no seu desempenho. Conseqüentemente, equipamentos mais rápidos e precisos nas medidas dos seus parâmetros são indispensáveis. Nas áreas onde o laser é empregado, três parâmetros sobressaem-se nas suas aplicações: (1) potência ou energia, (2) freqüência e (3) comprimento espacial ou largura do feixe. A determinação das bordas, isto é, da largura do feixe, está ligada a um percentual do máximo valor atingido pela energia. O diâmetro do feixe, juntamente com a energia, determina-se a densidade do feixe. Outros parâmetros como: divergência e fator de qualidade (M2), podem ser determinados também. O presente trabalho busca desenvolver um sistema de translação bidimensional que possa ser empregado na caracterização espacial do feixe de lasers. Para determinar o perfil do feixe de lasers utiliza-se o método borda-da-lâmina (knife-edge), relacionando o deslocamento da lâmina posicionada transversalmente ao feixe, com a energia transmitida. Obstruindo o feixe com uma lâmina opaca, obtêm-se a variação da energia do feixe em função da posição da lâmina. Esta variação representa a integral do perfil Gaussiano do feixe. Para a automação do sistema foi empregado o programa Labview (National Instruments). O funcionamento do protótipo mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização de feixes laser e com uma instrumentação de baixo custo para a comercialização nacional. No entanto, apresentou-se lento na aquisição de dados, tornando a tarefa de caracterização do laser mais demorada. Fatores como velocidade do motor de passo e linguagem de programação contribuíram para tornar a aquisição lenta. / The demand for quality in the applications involving laser radiation demanded improvements in its performance. Faster equipments in the measures of its parameters are indispensable. In the areas where the laser is employee, three parameters are important in its applications: (1) power or energy, (2) frequency and (3) beam spatial. The determination of the edges, i. e., the width of the beam, is correlated to a percentage of the maximum reached energy. This parameter, together with the energy, determines beam density; beyond this parameter it also possible to determine the divergence and quality factor (M2). This work searches to develop a system of bi-dimension translation that can be used in the spatial characterization of laser beam. To determine the profile of laser beam it is used the knife-edge method, that it relates the displacement of the blade located transversally to the beam, with the transmitted energy. Blocking the beam with a blade the energy variation of the beam is correlated with blade position; this variation represents the integral of the beam Gaussian profile. For the automation it will be used the Labview program(National Instruments). The prototype had showed to be efficient in the characterization of laser beams and a low cost for national commercialization; however was slow in the data acquisition resulting a longer time to acquire the laser parameters. Instrumental components as step motors or programming language had contributed to slowly acquisition.
2

Desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para a caracterização espacial de feixes lasers / Development of an automated system for the spatial laser beam characterization.

Moisés Oliveira dos Santos 24 August 2007 (has links)
A demanda por qualidade nas aplicações envolvendo radiação laser exigiu melhorias no seu desempenho. Conseqüentemente, equipamentos mais rápidos e precisos nas medidas dos seus parâmetros são indispensáveis. Nas áreas onde o laser é empregado, três parâmetros sobressaem-se nas suas aplicações: (1) potência ou energia, (2) freqüência e (3) comprimento espacial ou largura do feixe. A determinação das bordas, isto é, da largura do feixe, está ligada a um percentual do máximo valor atingido pela energia. O diâmetro do feixe, juntamente com a energia, determina-se a densidade do feixe. Outros parâmetros como: divergência e fator de qualidade (M2), podem ser determinados também. O presente trabalho busca desenvolver um sistema de translação bidimensional que possa ser empregado na caracterização espacial do feixe de lasers. Para determinar o perfil do feixe de lasers utiliza-se o método borda-da-lâmina (knife-edge), relacionando o deslocamento da lâmina posicionada transversalmente ao feixe, com a energia transmitida. Obstruindo o feixe com uma lâmina opaca, obtêm-se a variação da energia do feixe em função da posição da lâmina. Esta variação representa a integral do perfil Gaussiano do feixe. Para a automação do sistema foi empregado o programa Labview (National Instruments). O funcionamento do protótipo mostrou-se eficiente na caracterização de feixes laser e com uma instrumentação de baixo custo para a comercialização nacional. No entanto, apresentou-se lento na aquisição de dados, tornando a tarefa de caracterização do laser mais demorada. Fatores como velocidade do motor de passo e linguagem de programação contribuíram para tornar a aquisição lenta. / The demand for quality in the applications involving laser radiation demanded improvements in its performance. Faster equipments in the measures of its parameters are indispensable. In the areas where the laser is employee, three parameters are important in its applications: (1) power or energy, (2) frequency and (3) beam spatial. The determination of the edges, i. e., the width of the beam, is correlated to a percentage of the maximum reached energy. This parameter, together with the energy, determines beam density; beyond this parameter it also possible to determine the divergence and quality factor (M2). This work searches to develop a system of bi-dimension translation that can be used in the spatial characterization of laser beam. To determine the profile of laser beam it is used the knife-edge method, that it relates the displacement of the blade located transversally to the beam, with the transmitted energy. Blocking the beam with a blade the energy variation of the beam is correlated with blade position; this variation represents the integral of the beam Gaussian profile. For the automation it will be used the Labview program(National Instruments). The prototype had showed to be efficient in the characterization of laser beams and a low cost for national commercialization; however was slow in the data acquisition resulting a longer time to acquire the laser parameters. Instrumental components as step motors or programming language had contributed to slowly acquisition.
3

Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope Mouse Brain Atlas In Vector Graphics For Enhanced Performance

Choi, Jinho 16 December 2013 (has links)
The microstructure of the brain at the cellular level provides crucial information for the understanding of the function of the brain. A large volume of high-resolution brain image data from 3D microscopy is an essential resource to study detailed microstructures of the brain. Accordingly, we have worked on obtaining high-resolution image data of entire mouse brains using the Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope (KESM). Furthermore, to disseminate these high-resolution whole mouse brain data sets to the neuroscience research community, we developed a web-based brain atlas, the KESM Brain Atlas (KESMBA). To visualize the data sets in 3D while using only a standard web browser, we employed distance attenuation and Google Maps API. The KESMBA is a powerful tool to analyze and share the KESM mouse brain data sets, but the image loading was slow because of the number of raster image (PNG) tiles and the file size. Moreover, since Google Maps API is governed by a commercial license, it does not provide enough flexibility for customization, extension, and mirroring. To solve these issues, we designed and developed a new KESM mouse brain atlas that uses a vector graphics format called Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) instead of PNG, and OpenLayers API instead of Google Maps API. The SVG-based KESMBA using OpenLayers allows faster navigation and exploration of the KESM data, and more overlay of layers with the 4 times reduced file size compared to PNG tiles. Due to the reduced file size, the SVG-based KESMBA using OpenLayers is 2.45 times faster than the original atlas. By enhancing the performance, the users can more easily access the KESM data. We expect the SVG-based KESMBA to accelerate new discoveries in neuroscience.
4

Scattering of internal gravity waves

Leaman Nye, Abigail January 2011 (has links)
Internal gravity waves play a fundamental role in the dynamics of stably stratified regions of the atmosphere and ocean. In addition to the radiation of momentum and energy remote from generation sites, internal waves drive vertical transport of heat and mass through the ocean by wave breaking and the mixing subsequently produced. Identifying regions where internal gravity waves contribute to ocean mixing and quantifying this mixing are therefore important for accurate climate and weather predictions. Field studies report significantly enhanced measurements of turbulence near 'rough' ocean topography compared with those recorded in the ocean interior or near more gradually varying topography (e.g. Toole et al. 1997, J. Geophys. Res. 102). Such observations suggest that interaction of waves with rough topography may act to skew wave energy spectra to high wavenumbers and hence promote wave breaking and fluid mixing. This thesis examines the high wavenumber scatter and spatial partitioning of wave energy at 'rough' topography containing features that are of similar scales to those characterising incident waves. The research presented here includes laboratory experiments using synthetic schlieren and PIV to visualise two-dimensional wavefields produced by small amplitude oscillations of cylinders within linear salt-water stratifications. Interactions of wavefields with planar slopes and smoothly varying sinusoidal topography are compared with those with square-wave, sawtooth and pseudo knife-edge profiles, which have discontinuous slopes. Far-field structures of scattered wavefields are compared with linear analytical models. Scatter to high wavenumbers is found to be controlled predominantly by the relative slopes and characterising length scales of the incident wavefield and topography, as well as the shape and aspect ratio of the topographic profile. Wave energy becomes highly focused and the spectra skewed to higher wavenumbers by 'critical' regions, where the topographic slope is comparable with the slope of the incident wave energy vector, and at sharp corners, where topographic slope is not defined. Contrary to linear geometric ray tracing predictions (Longuet-Higgins 1969, J. Fluid Mech. 37), a significant back-scattered field can be achieved in near-critical conditions as well as a forward scattered wavefield in supercritical conditions, where the slope of the boundary is steeper than that of the incident wave. Results suggest that interaction with rough benthic topography could efficiently convert wave energy to higher wavenumbers and promote fluid mixing in such ocean regions.
5

[en] DIFFRACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY IRREGULAR SURFACES / [pt] DIFRAÇÃO POR SUPERFÍCIES IRREGULARES

CARLOS GUSTAVO MIGLIORA 12 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho trata do problema da difração das ondas eletromagnéticas por obstáculos do tipo gume de faca com perfil transversal qualquer. A partir da integral de Huygens-Fresnel (formulação escalar) e da integral de Stratton-Chu (formulação vetorial) é estabelecida uma solução em forma fechada para o problema, cujas interpretação física e aplicações práticas são bastante simples. Os resultados teóricos são verificados por comparação com medidas experimentais para três tipos de perfil transversal: semi-circular, triangular e rampa. Através da mesma formulação é investigado o comportamento do campo atrás do obstáculo, onde existe uma região de interferência formada pelas diversas contribuições independentes do campo difratado. Procurou-se ainda, nos casos dos obstáculos triangular e rampa, interpretar os resultados finais em termos do raio da 1(primeira) zona de Fresnel. Embora o modelo utilizado seja limitado por não considerar a dimensão do obstáculo no sentido de propagação (longitudinal), as conclusões obtidas são de grande importância para os enlaces radioelétricos que operam por difração. / [en] The present work deals with the problem of the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by knife-edge obstacles with arbitrary transverse profile. From the Huygens-Fresnel (acalar formulation) and the Stratton-Chu ( vectorial formulation) integrals, a closed-form solution for the problem is establications. The theoretical results are verified by comparison with experimental measurements fot three kinds od profiles: semi-circular, triangular and ramp. Using this same formulation, the behavior of the field behind the obstacle is investigated, where a region of interference exists caused by the several independet contributions of the diffracted field. An attempt was made to interpret the final results in terms of the first Fresnel zone radius in cases of triangular and ramp obstacles. Although the model used here is limited for not taking into account the longitudinal dimension of the obstacles, the obtained conclusions have major importance to radio links operating in diffraction.
6

Human Body Scattering Effects at Millimeter Waves Frequencies for Future 5G Systems and Beyond

Romero Peña, Johan Samuel 13 January 2023 (has links)
[ES] Se espera que las futuras comunicaciones móviles experimenten una revolución técnica que vaya más allá de las velocidades de datos de Gbps y reduzca las latencias de las velocidades de datos a niveles muy cercanos al milisegundo. Se han investigado nuevas tecnologías habilitadoras para lograr estas exigentes especificaciones. Y la utilización de las bandas de ondas milimétricas, donde hay mucho espectro disponible, es una de ellas. Debido a las numerosas dificultades técnicas asociadas a la utilización de esta banda de frecuencias, se necesitan complicados modelos de canal para anticipar las características del canal de radio y evaluar con precisión el rendimiento de los sistemas celulares en milimétricas. En concreto, los modelos de propagación más precisos son los basados en técnicas de trazado de rayos deterministas. Pero estas técnicas tienen el estigma de ser computacionalmente exigentes, y esto dificulta su uso para caracterizar el canal de radio en escenarios interiores complejos y dinámicos. La complejidad de la caracterización de estos escenarios depende en gran medida de la interacción del cuerpo humano con el entorno radioeléctrico, que en las ondas milimétricas suele ser destructiva y muy impredecible. Por otro lado, en los últimos años, la industria de los videojuegos ha desarrollado potentes herramientas para entornos hiperrealistas, donde la mayor parte de los avances en esta emulación de la realidad tienen que ver con el manejo de la luz. Así, los motores gráficos de estas plataformas se han vuelto cada vez más eficientes para manejar grandes volúmenes de información, por lo que son ideales para emular el comportamiento de la propagación de las ondas de radio, así como para reconstruir un escenario interior complejo. Por ello, en esta Tesis se ha aprovechado la capacidad computacional de este tipo de herramientas para evaluar el canal radioeléctrico milimétricas de la forma más eficiente posible. Esta Tesis ofrece unas pautas para optimizar la propagación de la señal en milimétricas en un entorno interior dinámico y complejo, para lo cual se proponen tres objetivos principales. El primer objetivo es evaluar los efectos de dispersión del cuerpo humano cuando interactúa con el canal de propagación. Una vez evaluado, se propuso un modelo matemático y geométrico simplificado para calcular este efecto de forma fiable y rápida. Otro objetivo fue el diseño de un reflector pasivo modular en milimétricas, que optimiza la cobertura en entornos de interior, evitando la interferencia del ser humano en la propagación. Y, por último, se diseñó un sistema de apuntamiento del haz predictivo en tiempo real, para que opere con el sistema de radiación en milimétricas, cuyo objetivo es evitar las pérdidas de propagación causadas por el cuerpo humano en entornos interiores dinámicos y complejos. / [CA] S'espera que les futures comunicacions mòbils experimenten una revolució tècnica que vaja més enllà de les velocitats de dades de Gbps i reduïsca les latències de les velocitats de dades a nivells molt pròxims al milisegundo. S'han investigat noves tecnologies habilitadoras per a aconseguir estes exigents especificacions. I la utilització de les bandes d'ones millimètriques, on hi ha molt espectre disponible, és una d'elles. A causa de les nombroses dificultats tècniques associades a la utilització d'esta banda de freqüències, es necessiten complicats models de canal per a anticipar les característiques del canal de ràdio i avaluar amb precisió el rendiment dels sistemes cellulars en millimètriques. En concret, els models de propagació més precisos són els basats en tècniques de traçat de rajos deterministes. Però estes tècniques tenen l'estigma de ser computacionalment exigents, i açò dificulta el seu ús per a caracteritzar el canal de ràdio en escenaris interiors complexos i dinàmics. La complexitat de la caracterització d'estos escenaris depén en gran manera de la interacció del cos humà amb l'entorn radioelèctric, que en les ones millimètriques sol ser destructiva i molt impredicible. D'altra banda, en els últims anys, la indústria dels videojocs ha desenrotllat potents ferramentes per a entorns hiperrealistes, on la major part dels avanços en esta emulació de la realitat tenen a veure amb el maneig de la llum. Així, els motors gràfics d'estes plataformes s'han tornat cada vegada més eficients per a manejar grans volums d'informació, per la qual cosa són ideals per a emular el comportament de la propagació de les ones de ràdio, així com per a reconstruir un escenari interior complex. Per això, en esta Tesi s'ha aprofitat la capacitat computacional d'este tipus de ferramentes per a avaluar el canal radioelèctric millimètriques de la manera més eficient possible. Esta Tesi oferix unes pautes per a optimitzar la propagació del senyal en millimètriques en un entorn interior dinàmic i complex, per a la qual cosa es proposen tres objectius principals. El primer objectiu és avaluar els efectes de dispersió del cos humà quan interactua amb el canal de propagació. Una vegada avaluat, es va proposar un model matemàtic i geomètric simplificat per a calcular este efecte de forma fiable i ràpida. Un altre objectiu va ser el disseny d'un reflector passiu modular en millimètriques, que optimitza la cobertura en entorns d'interior, evitant la interferència del ser humà en la propagació, per a així evitar pèrdues de propagació addicionals. I, finalment, es va dissenyar un sistema d'apuntament del feix predictiu en temps real, perquè opere amb el sistema de radiació en millimètriques, l'objectiu del qual és evitar les pèrdues de propagació causades pel cos humà en entorns interiors dinàmics i complexos. / [EN] Future mobile communications are expected to experience a technical revolution that goes beyond Gbps data rates and reduces data rate latencies to levels very close to a millisecond. New enabling technologies have been researched to achieve these demanding specifications. The utilization of mmWave bands, where a lot of spectrum is available, is one of them. Due to the numerous technical difficulties associated with using this frequency band, complicated channel models are necessary to anticipate the radio channel characteristics and to accurately evaluate the performance of cellular systems in mmWave. In particular, the most accurate propagation models are those based on deterministic ray tracing techniques. But these techniques have the stigma of being computationally intensive, and this makes it difficult to use them to characterize the radio channel in complex and dynamic indoor scenarios. The complexity of characterizing these scenarios depends largely on the interaction of the human body with the radio environment, which at mmWaves is often destructive and highly unpredictable. On the other hand, in recent years, the video game industry has developed powerful tools for hyper-realistic environments, where most of the progress in this reality emulation has to do with the handling of light. Therefore, the graphic engines of these platforms have become more and more efficient to handle large volumes of information, becoming ideal to emulate the radio wave propagation behavior, as well as to reconstruct a complex interior scenario. Therefore, in this Thesis one has taken advantage of the computational capacity of this type of tools to evaluate the mmWave radio channel in the most efficient way possible. This Thesis offers some guidelines to optimize the signal propagation in mmWaves in a dynamic and complex indoor environment, for which three main objectives are proposed. The first objective has been to evaluate the scattering effects of the human body when it interacts with the propagation channel. Once evaluated, a simplified mathematical and geometrical model has been proposed to calculate this effect in a reliable and fast way. Another objective has been the design of a modular passive reflector in mmWaves, which optimizes the coverage in indoor environments, avoiding human interference in the propagation, in order to avoid its harmful scattering effects. And finally, a real-time predictive beam steering system has been designed for the mmWaves radiation system, in order to avoid propagation losses caused by the human body in dynamic and complex indoor environments. / Romero Peña, JS. (2022). Human Body Scattering Effects at Millimeter Waves Frequencies for Future 5G Systems and Beyond [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191325

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