Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Jena.

Allium sativum has a long tradition in medicine. While much is known about its potential healthy effects, nearly nothing is known about wild garlic (allium sativum, ramson), which is very common in the area of Leipzig and has been used as a herbal remedy since centuries. The goal of the present study was to assess a potential anti-platelet activity of these two allium species and to try to identify the chemical active principle. For that purpose various extracts (hydrophilic and lipophilic) were prepared from Allium sativum and Allium ursinum, and analysed using thin layer chromatography and HPLC. After identifying an active, i.e. antiaggregatory extract (see below), this was fractionated and the active fraction was further sub-fractionated for subsequent chemical analysis by mass spectroscopy, ESI (Electrospray ionization), and COSY (Correlation effect spectroscopy), and functional testing. Anti-platelet activity was assessed in human platelets (platelet rich plasma) using a classical turbidimetric method. Platelets were stimulated with various agonists (arachidonic acid, ADP, epinephrine, collagen, A23187) with and without the addition of the extracts or the fractions /sub-fractions. Both Allium Ursinum and Allium sativum extracts exert antiaggregatory effects with EC50 values around 0.1 mg/ml. The garlic extracts are acting by inhibition of the ADP pathway comparable as known from the clinically used drug clopidegrol.The pharmacological active antiaggregatory component of the extracts appears to be lipophilic rather than hydrophilic. This is the first report on an antiplatelet activity of Allium Ursinum. One final structure determined by HPLC, MS, ESI and COSY which exerts the antiplatelets inhibitory effect is β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside of the fraction 7-14 crystals. It is considered that about three up to five grams of dried leaves might be enough to exert antiaggregatory effects (comment: in pharmacy normally dried plant material is used in therapy). The second compound with antiaggregatory activity was identified as 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate. The problem of loosing the active volatile oily components by drying the leaves in future studies looking for the clinical use may be solved by looking for a raw or a refined extract which would be the form of a real phytomedical drug; for example capsules about 120 to 200 micrograms of an alcoholic or better an heptane / oily extract gained from wood garlic leaves would be an useful drug formulation to reach respective concentrations in blood. However, we have to admit that since our investigations were in-vitro, the in-vivo situation is somewhat different due to the metabolism, which is nearly unknown. Nevertheless, this study shows for the first time that allium ursinum does exert anti-platelet activity and that both allium species can unfold antiaggregatory effects which are worth to be investigated in subsequent in-vivo studies. β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate could be identified as active antiaggregatory principals.

Allium sativum has a long tradition in medicine. While much is known about its potential healthy effects, nearly nothing is known about wild garlic (allium sativum, ramson), which is very common in the area of Leipzig and has been used as a herbal remedy since centuries. The goal of the present study was to assess a potential anti-platelet activity of these two allium species and to try to identify the chemical active principle. For that purpose various extracts (hydrophilic and lipophilic) were prepared from Allium sativum and Allium ursinum, and analysed using thin layer chromatography and HPLC. After identifying an active, i.e. antiaggregatory extract (see below), this was fractionated and the active fraction was further sub-fractionated for subsequent chemical analysis by mass spectroscopy, ESI (Electrospray ionization), and COSY (Correlation effect spectroscopy), and functional testing. Anti-platelet activity was assessed in human platelets (platelet rich plasma) using a classical turbidimetric method. Platelets were stimulated with various agonists (arachidonic acid, ADP, epinephrine, collagen, A23187) with and without the addition of the extracts or the fractions /sub-fractions. Both Allium Ursinum and Allium sativum extracts exert antiaggregatory effects with EC50 values around 0.1 mg/ml. The garlic extracts are acting by inhibition of the ADP pathway comparable as known from the clinically used drug clopidegrol.The pharmacological active antiaggregatory component of the extracts appears to be lipophilic rather than hydrophilic. This is the first report on an antiplatelet activity of Allium Ursinum. One final structure determined by HPLC, MS, ESI and COSY which exerts the antiplatelets inhibitory effect is β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside of the fraction 7-14 crystals. It is considered that about three up to five grams of dried leaves might be enough to exert antiaggregatory effects (comment: in pharmacy normally dried plant material is used in therapy). The second compound with antiaggregatory activity was identified as 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate. The problem of loosing the active volatile oily components by drying the leaves in future studies looking for the clinical use may be solved by looking for a raw or a refined extract which would be the form of a real phytomedical drug; for example capsules about 120 to 200 micrograms of an alcoholic or better an heptane / oily extract gained from wood garlic leaves would be an useful drug formulation to reach respective concentrations in blood. However, we have to admit that since our investigations were in-vitro, the in-vivo situation is somewhat different due to the metabolism, which is nearly unknown. Nevertheless, this study shows for the first time that allium ursinum does exert anti-platelet activity and that both allium species can unfold antiaggregatory effects which are worth to be investigated in subsequent in-vivo studies. β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate could be identified as active antiaggregatory principals.

Die Familiendynastie Knobloch hat in Radeberg bedeutende Spuren hinterlassen. „Die Knoblochs“ sahen als Gastwirte, Kaufleute, Weinhändler, Stadtälteste und Stadträte, Senatoren und Abgeordnete des Königlich-Sächsischen Landtages ihre Berufung darin, „jederzeit im Dienste des Guten zum Vortheil Aller zu leben & zu schaffen“. Am 27. Februar 1741 wurde Johann George Knoblauch in Steinigtwolmsdorf / Oberlausitz geboren. Dieser zog nach Radeberg, erwarb das Bürgerrecht, wurde „Accis-Visitator“ (Steuer-Einnehmer) und Gastwirt. Seinen Nachnamen änderte er in Knobloch. Ab 1791 war Johann George Knobloch Haus- und Grundstücksbesitzer und hatte auch Felder an der Pulsnitzer Straße gepachtet. Als „Kaufmann, Bürger und Feldbesitzer“ war Johann George Knobloch der Begründer der „Knobloch-Dynastie“ in Radeberg. Sein Sohn Karl Christoph Knobloch (1774-1848) war „Bürger, Kauf- und Handelsmann in Radeberg“, Senator und Stadtrat (Gemeindeältester). Dessen Sohn Carl Alexander Knobloch (1807-1878) wurde einer der angesehensten Kaufleute der Stadt, baute eine Weingroßhandlung mit 2 Weinstuben und „Delicatess-Handlung“ auf sowie ein Vertriebssystem in Deutschland, wurde Kommunalpolitiker (Stadtrat, Viertelsmeister, Stadtältester). Seine Weinstube war Stammlokal der Honoratioren der Stadt und der Offiziere der Radeberger Garnison, viele davon von Adel. Er entwickelte die enge Verbundenheit seiner Familie zum Sächsischen Königshaus der Wettiner weiter, hatte oft direkte Kontakte. Als Prinz Georg (1832-1904, ab 1902 König von Sachsen) seinen Militärdienst in der Radeberger Garnison der Reitenden Artillerie ableistete, wohnte er bei Knoblochs und erhielt mehrmalig Besuche seiner königlichen Familie. Carl Alexander Knoblochs Sohn Georg Alexander (1851-1923) führte die Knoblochschen Unternehmen in 4. Generation erfolgreich weiter, wandte sich aber gleichzeitig der Sächsischen Landespolitik zu, er kandidierte für den Landtag des Königreiches Sachsen. 1901 wurde Knobloch zum Abgeordneten der II. Kammer in den 29. Ordentlichen Landtag gewählt und hatte als „Konservativer“ das Mandat bis zum 37. Ordentlichen Landtag 1918 inne. Nach dem Tode Georg Friedrich Alexander Knoblochs 1923 übernahm, da es keinen männlichen Nachfahren mehr gab, Schwiegersohn Johannes Moritz Vogel die Geschäftsführung der Weingroßhandlung. Seine Nachfahren leben heute in Berchtesgaden. Carl Alexander Knobloch hatte die vom früheren Radeberger Bürgermeister J. B. Thieme (1751-1841) begonnene Chronik Radebergs übernommen und weitergeführt. Georg Friedrich Alexander übernahm dieses Werk und führte es gemeinsam mit dem Kaufmann Moritz Emil Gärtner bis ca. 1906 weiter. So entstand die umfassendste und genaueste Chronik Radebergs, allgemein „Knobloch-Chronik“ genannt.