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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Locus de controle, conhecimento, atitude e pratica do uso de pilula e preservativo entre adolescentes universitarios / Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice about the use of the pill and the preservative among adolescents university students

Alves, Aline Salheb, 1980- 16 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_AlineSalheb_M.pdf: 2193188 bytes, checksum: fa4506f5c5c9e20cec2d5bd0fc85f4c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) define como adolescentes as pessoas com idade entre dez e 19 anos. A adolescência é um período onde decisões importantes são tomadas a partir de pouca experiência de vida e tais decisões podem ter conseqüências para toda a vida. A sexualidade, presente em toda a trajetória de vida do ser humano, busca sua afirmação na adolescência. Pesquisadores demógrafos desenvolveram um modelo especial conhecido como estudo CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática), numa tentativa de coletar informações sobre contracepção e comportamento reprodutivo. Sabe-se também que características pessoais e da personalidade influenciam o comportamento, e é o que a escala de locus de controle pretende avaliar. Locus de controle' é uma variável que se refere a uma característica individual das pessoas sobre a percepção de quem controla os acontecimentos. Pode ser interna, no caso do indivíduo acreditar que mantém o controle sobre sua vida; ou externa, no caso do sujeito atribuir o controle da sua vida a outras pessoas, entidades ou até mesmo sorte ou destino. Foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar a relação entre o locus de controle e o conhecimento, atitude e prática do uso de pílula e preservativo entre adolescentes, ingressantes de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário e a escala multidimensional de locus de controle de Levenson. A amostra foi composta por 295 adolescentes. Pouco mais da metade (51,2%) relatou não ter iniciado atividade sexual e dentre os que haviam iniciado, 91,7% afirmaram que utilizaram método contraceptivo na primeira relação sexual. Os métodos mais utilizados foram o preservativo e a pílula, isoladamente ou combinados com outros métodos. Dentre os estudantes que tinham iniciado atividade sexual, 75,7% não planejavam suas relações sexuais, ou planejavam, às vezes. Sobre o preservativo, 92,6% afirmaram que os adolescentes devem utilizá-lo em todas as relações sexuais e 23,1% consideraram que usar o preservativo diminui o prazer nas relações. Os adolescentes demonstraram ter maior conhecimento do que prática correta de uso de pílula e preservativo (71,4% vs 37,1%, p<0,001 pelo teste de Wilcoxon). Quanto ao locus de controle, observou-se maior externalidade-outros poderosos para o sexo masculino. Verificou-se correlação entre o locus de controle e a prática: quanto maior o escore do locus externalidade-outros poderosos, menor a prática correta de uso do método contraceptivo. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre o locus de controle e as características sociodemográficas. Conclui-se que os universitários iniciam atividade sexual mais tardiamente, buscam conhecimento sobre anticoncepção e a pílula e o preservativo masculino são os métodos mais utilizados. Embora apresentem conhecimento e atitudes adequados, precisam modificar algumas de suas práticas para uma anticoncepção eficaz. O locus de controle externalidade outros-poderosos influencia a prática anticoncepcional nesse grupo de adolescentes / Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as people between ten and nineteen years old. Adolescence is a period of time in which many important decisions are made based on little life experience, decisions which may imply in consequences for the rest of their lives. Sexuality, which is present throughout the life of the human being life, is usually asserted during adolescence. Demographic investigators developed a special model known as KAP study (knowledge, attitude and practice), with the purpose of collecting information regarding contraceptives and reproductive behavior. It is already known that personal characteristics may affect behavior, and that is what the multidimensional Levenson?s locus of control scale intends to evaluate. ?Locus of Control? is a variable referring to the individual characteristics of people regarding the perception of who controls the facts in their lives. It can be internal if the person considers themselves as the source of the facts in which they are involved; or external, when the person attributes the control of their life to other people, entities, or even to luck or fate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the locus of control and the knowledge, attitude and practice concerning the use of contraceptive pills and male preservatives among teenagers at a Public University in the State of São Paulo. A questionnaire and the Levenson?s locus of control scale were utilized. The sample was composed of 295 teenagers. Over half of them (51.2%) had not yet initiated sexual activity. Among those who had initiated in sexual activities, 91.7% reported that they had utilized some type of contraceptive method during their first sexual intercourse. The most frequent methods used were preservatives and pills, or these in combination with other methods. It was verified that frequently (40.3%) the relationships were not planned. Regarding preservatives, 92.6% agreed that their use by adolescents was necessary during each and every sexual intercourse and 23.1% believed that using preservative diminished pleasure. The adolescents showed higher knowledge than correct practice concerning the use of contraceptive pill and preservative (71.4% vs 37.1%, p<0,001 with the Wilcoxon test). Male students had higher scores of powerful others externality. It was observed correlation between locus of control and the practice: the higher the rate of powerful others externality, the lower the correct use of contraceptives. It was no significant differences between the locus of control and social-demographic characteristics. It was concluded that this adolescents had sexual initiation late, seek information about contraception, and the contraceptive pill and the preservative were the most utilized method. Although they have corrects knowledge and practice, they need modified some of their practices for an effective contraception. The powerful others externality locus influenced the practice of contraceptive use in this group of adolescents / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem
52

Estudo das características relacionadas à falha no retorno para aconselhamento pós-teste e entrega de resultado de HIV no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento Betinho" / A study of the characteristics associated to failure to return for posttest counseling and HIV test result delivery at the HIV Counseling and Testing Center Betinho

Paula Jayme de Araujo 29 March 2006 (has links)
Os Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) disponibilizam a testagem para o HIV e o aconselhamento. Alguns pacientes não retornam para pegar o resultado. Investigou-se características associadas a "falha no retorno" (FNR) no CTA-Betinho, em 2003 e 2004. Conduziu-se um estudo observacional transversal. A FNR foi de 19,4% (n=548). Foram associadas a FNR: faixa etária; faixa etária adolescente; origem do cliente; tipo de orientação; primeiro teste no CTA; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado e tempo de espera maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram: faixa etária adolescente; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Aspectos de vulnerabilidade estariam contribuindo para FNR. Procedimentos implantados no CTA poderiam diminuir a FNR. Os resultados condizem com a literatura internacional / The HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (CTC) offer the HIV test and counseling. Some of the patients fail to return for HIV test result delivery. It was investigated characteristics related to failure to return (FTR) at the CTC Betinho in 2003 and 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted. FTR during the study period was 19.4% (n=548). Variables associated to FTR were: age; teenagers; patient's reference; kind of pretest counseling; first HIV test at the CTA; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. After logistic regression, the following variables remained: teenagers; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. FTR could be explained by some issues related to social and individual vulnerability. Procedures could be implemented at CTA to minimize FTR. These results corroborate international studies
53

"Práticas não-convencionais em medicina no Município de São Paulo" / "Unconventional medical practice in São Paulo City"

Akiyama, Kazusei 06 December 2004 (has links)
Nos países ocidentais, a chamada medicina complementar e alternativa (MCA) vem recebendo crescente atenção entre a classe médica devido ao aumento de seu uso pela população. São tipos de práticas de diagnóstico e de cuidados relacionados à saúde que coexistem paralelamente em nosso meio, sendo a maior parte delas, não-regulamentada. Existem poucos estudos sobre o assunto; nos países industrializados, a prevalência de utilização chega a 40% na população geral. Este trabalho procura identificar as atitudes e as experiências sobre MCA entre os médicos domiciliados no Município de São Paulo. É um estudo populacional, descritivo e transversal de uma amostra aleatória de 537 profissionais, de todas as especialidades. Para tanto, foi utilizado um questionário específico, aplicado por meio de contato telefônico, entre outubro de 2002 e fevereiro de 2003. A taxa de resposta foi de 68%. A amostra foi representativa da população estudada, sendo composta de 80 tipos de especialidades e sub-especialidades médicas. Para cada três médicos, houve um do sexo feminino. O grupo que se recusou a responder o questionário era composto de médicos com mais idade, de especialidades cirúrgica e tocoginecologia. Os resultados apontam que a MCA é prevalente no cotidiano do médico paulistano; 87,6% referiram perceber demanda por parte dos pacientes; 5,8% referiram não ter tido contato profissional com MCA; no plano privado, 1,8% referiram não ter tido contato próprio ou de algum familiar próximo. Metade dos médicos mostrou atitude positiva com a MCA; 52% endossam ou prescrevem algum tipo; 20% referem treinamento e 13% informam ser provedores, de pelo menos uma modalidade de MCA. Ao serem indagados sobre a influência das MCA, 61,5% opinaram que há influência positiva para o resultado terapêutico do paciente; 42,8% acham que essas práticas alteram positivamente o trabalho do médico; 61,9% entendem que causam alguma ação sobre o resultado terapêutico. Sessenta e quatro por cento dos médicos sentem pouca ou alguma familiaridade com as MCA. As modalidades que os entrevistados mais referiram conhecimento foram: acupuntura, homeopatia, terapias em grupo, dietas alternativas e massagem. Noventa e um por cento concordaram que é importante o médico ter algum conhecimento em MCA; 69,5% discordaram que devam ser combatidas pela classe médica; 85,4% acharam que devem ser utilizadas somente se forem científicas. Quanto ao treinamento, mais de 60% acharam importante recebê-lo, inclusive na formação médica. Menos de 30% dos médicos referiram fazer sistematicamente, na anamnese, perguntas sobre o uso corrente ou passado de MCA. A análise de dados através de regressão logística ajustada mostrou que a variável “treinamento em MCA" influencia os desfechos “atitude" (OR= 2,20; IC95% 1,21-4,03; p=0,009), “prescreve ou endossa" (OR= 4,07; IC95% 2,02-8,20; p<0,001) e “provedor" (OR= 12,76; IC95% 4,05-40,17; p<0,001). A variável “treinamento" sofreu influência de faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos (OR= 8,83; IC95% 1,59-49,08; p=0,006), “contato profissional" (OR= 8,59; IC95% 3,94-18,74; p<0,001), “contato particular" (OR= 5,59; IC95% 2,36-13,22; p<0,001), atuar em pediatria (OR= 2,68; IC95% 1,06-6,77) ou em “outras especialidades" (OR= 3,40; IC95% 1,25-9,25; p=0,014), “atitude" (OR= 2,13; IC95% 1,25-3,65; p=0,004) e “tipos diferentes de pós-graduação" (OR= 1,47; IC95% 1,01-2,15; p=0,044). / In western countries, the so called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been getting increasing attention among medical doctors, due to the rise of its use among the population. They are kinds of diagnostic and care practice related to health that exist side by side in our environment, being most of them non-regulated. There are few studies about the subject; in industrialized countries, its prevalence reaches about 40% on the whole population. This paper seeks to identify attitudes and experience about CAM among medical doctors living in São Paulo City. It's a populational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 537 professionals randomly sampled from all specialties. To do so, it was used a specific questionnaire applied by means of telephone contact between October of 2002 and February of 2003. The response rate was 68%. The sample was a representative one of the studied population, being made up of 80 medical specialties and sub-specialties. For every three medical doctors, there was a female. The group who refused to answer the questionnaire was made up of older medical doctors whose areas are surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. The results present that CAM is prevalent in daily life for medical doctors of São Paulo City; 87,6% have already noticed some kind of interest from their patients; 5,8% mentioned that they have never had any contact with CAM on their professional field; 1,8% has never had any personal or familiar contact with it. Half of the medical doctors have shown positive attitude towards CAM; 52% endorse or prescribe some kind of CAM; 20% have had trainning and 13% are providers of, at least one kind of, CAM. When they were questioned about the influence of CAM, 61,5% gave their opinion that there had positive influence on patients’ therapeutic results; 42,8% think that these practices alter medical doctors’ work positively; 61,9% understand that it causes some action in therapeutic result. Sixty-four per cent of all doctors feel a little or some familiarity with CAM. The modality which the interviewees showed a better knowledge were: acupuncture, homeopathy, group therapy, alternative diets and massage. Ninety one per cent agreed that it's important that medical doctors should have some knowledge of CAM; 69,5% disagreed that they should be opposed by medical doctors; 85,4% think that they must be used only if they were scientific. As for trainning, more than 60% think it's important to get it, inclusive under-graduation education. Less than 30% of medical doctors mentioned that they sistematically ask questions for the patients, in their anamnesis, about the current or past use of CAM. The data through adjusted logistic regression analysis showed the variable "CAM trainning" influence the outcome "attitude" (OR= 2,20; IC95% 1,21-4,03; p=0,009), "prescribes or endorses" (OR= 4,07; IC95% 2,02-8,20; p<0,001) and "provider" (OR= 12,76; IC95% 4,05-40,17; p<0,001). The variable "trainning" was influenced by the aged range between 41 and 50 years (OR= 8,83; IC95% 1,59-49,08; p=0,006), "professional contact" (OR= 8,59; IC95% 3,94-18,74; p<0,001), "private contact" (OR= 5,59; IC95% 2,36-13,22; p<0,001), act in pediatrics (OR= 2,68; IC95% 1,06-6,77) or in "other specialties" (OR= 3,40; IC95% 1,25-9,25; p=0,014), “attitude" (OR= 2,13; IC95% 1,25-3,65; p=0,004) and “different kinds of post-graduation" (OR= 1,47; IC95% 1,01-2,15; p=0,044).
54

Representações Sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\": concepções e práticas de profissionais da atenção básica / Social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\": primary care professionals concepts and practices.

Sartori, Nely Regina 14 October 2015 (has links)
A \"loucura\" e o \"louco\", ao longo dos tempos, tiveram sua concepção compreendida, pensada e teorizada de diversas maneiras, em diferentes momentos históricos. No Brasil, a atenção à saúde mental é marcada pela perspectiva asilar e centrada na doença, fragmentando o indivíduo e suas necessidades. No âmbito das políticas públicas, relevante atenção ocorre para o estabelecimento de medidas para articular os serviços que dispensam cuidados a pessoa com transtorno mental, substitutivos ao modelo hospitalocêntrico, ficando evidente o esforço empreendido de não se reduzir a Reforma Psiquiátrica à desospitalização, colocando em pauta ações na atenção básica como componente essencial à desinstitucionalização do cuidado a pessoas com transtorno mental. Objetivou-se com este estudo conhecer e descrever as representações sociais de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica do município de Marília acerca do transtorno mental e da assistência prestada ao doente mental. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo de campo, cujo referencial teórico de investigação foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS). Os locais de estudo foram as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e Unidades Saúde da Família (USF) da cidade de Marília. Fizeram parte desse estudo 12 profissionais de saúde. Elegemos a entrevista semi estruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados e para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. No presente estudo duas categorias emergiram: Representações sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\" e Práticas de Saúde e Atenção Básica. Identificamos que as Representações Sociais (RS) sobre o \"louco\" estão ancoradas na desrazão, na periculosidade, agressividade, incapacidade de relacionamentos interpessoais, com comprometimento familiar e de trabalho. A visão estigmatizante e excludente esteve presente nos discursos de forma implícita e explicita. Alguns profissionais conseguem conceber conviver com a pessoa portadora de transtorno mental em espaços sociais, mas não em espaços privados. Falta de autonomia esteve vinculada à figura da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois o transtorno mental leva a dependência, incapacidade das escolhas e possibilidade de superação. A \"loucura\" foi representada como de origem psicológica, biológica, espiritual, hereditária, social ou multicausal. A abordagem terapêutica concebida, pela maioria, como eficaz e possível nas UBS e USF foi a prescrição medicamentosa. A figura médica, a medicalização e alienação dos sujeitos, o estigma e a falta de capacitação foram as fragilidades apontadas por este estudo, por outro lado a escuta terapêutica e o acolhimento dos profissionais de saúde constituíram-se aspectos de potencialidades. Em relação à UBS e USF essas foram concebidas como sendo espaços inadequados a cuidar da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois esses indivíduos além de possuírem uma complexidade no atendimento, geram sobrecarga de trabalho e uma demanda afetiva-técnica específica. Muitos conceberam que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) são os espaços dentro da Atenção Básica destinados e adequados à essa população e que a Saúde Mental não faz parte das estratégias abordadas pelas Atenção Básica. Pudemos concluir com este estudo que o estigma é a maior barreira para a conquista de autonomia e cidadania da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental e que as práticas profissionais estão ancoradas em nossas representações sociais, só sendo possível transformar os processos sociais e nossas práticas quando admitirmos que nossas representações concebem esses indivíduos como diferentes, excluídos e marginalizados / Throughout the years, mad and madness has had their conception understood, thought through and theorized in many forms and in different historical moments. In Brazil, mental health care is based in homes and centered in the illness, hence, fragmenting the individual and their needs. Regarding public policies, important attention is given establishing ways to replace the hospital-centered model and articulate services that provide care to people with mental disorder. In this way, highlighting the effort undertaken not to reduce the Psychiatry Reform to discharging people from the hospital only. But it is also giving attention to primary care service as an essential element for mental disorder care deinstitutionalization. The purpose of this study is to get to know and describe social representations of primary care health professionals in the city of Marilia about mental disorder and also the assistance provided to the mentally ill. It is an exploratory-descriptive field study, whose theoretical background of investigation was the Social Representation Theory (SRT). The places where the study took place were Health Centers and Family Health Centers in the city of Marilia. Twelve health professionals took part on this study. The method for data collection was the semi-structured interview and content analyses technique for data analyses. Two categories emerged at the present study; social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\" and Health and Primary Care Practices. We identified that Social Representations about the \"mad\" are based on discerning incapability, dangerousness, aggressiveness, incapability of interpersonal relationships, compromising family and work. The stigmatizing and excluding view were direct and indirectly present throughout the speeches. Some professionals manage to be able to live with mental disorder patients in social environments but not private ones. Lack of autonomy has been related with the mentally disordered patient, because mental disorder takes to dependency, incapability of choosing and possibility of overcoming. \"Madness\" was represented as having a psychological, biological, spiritual, hereditary, social or multiple cause background. The therapeutic approach conceived by most professionals as efficient and possible at the health centers was drug prescription. Doctors, medicalization, alienation of the subject, stigma and lack of capability were the weaknesses presented by the study. On the other hand, therapeutic listening and the health professionals welcoming were positive aspects. Regarding the Health Centers and the Family Health Centers, they were considered inappropriate to assist mentally disordered patient because these patients demand a complex assistance creating an overload of work and a specific emotional demand. Many conceived that Psychosocial Attention Centers (CAPS in Portuguese) are places inside primary care designed and suitable for this group and that mental health is not part of the strategies approached by primary care. We could conclude based on this study that stigma is the biggest barrier for acquiring the mentally disordered patient\"s autonomy and citizenship. Another conclusion is that professional practices are grounded in our social representations being only possible to transform social process and practices when we admit that our representations recognize these group of people as different, excluded and marginalized
55

The care to share HIV disclosure study - the attitudes toward and beliefs about HIV disclosure among perinatally-infected HIV-positive youth and their caregivers.

Noroski, Lenora M. Markham, Christine M., Parcel, Guy S., Fu, Yun-Xin January 2009 (has links)
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3551. Adviser: Christine Markham. Includes bibliographical references.
56

Factors surrounding and strategies to reduce recapping used needles by nurses at a Venezuelan public hospital

Galindez Araujo, Luis J. January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2009. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 224 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
57

The Lived Experience of Women of Mexican Heritage with HIV/AIDS

Dominguez, Linda Maria, 1950- January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
58

Making homes smoke-free : the impact of an empowerment intervention for parents

Herbert, Rosemary, 1955- January 2008 (has links)
One-third of American children under the age of 18 years and one in ten Canadian children aged 0-11 years are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) predisposing them to multiple health problems. Although several intervention strategies to reduce ETS exposure among children have been tested, to date there is not enough evidence to recommend one strategy over another. The objectives of this study were: (a) to test if parents' participation in an intervention based on an empowerment ideology and participatory experiences decreases the number of cigarettes smoked in homes; and (b) to identify barriers to making homes and vehicles smoke-free, as well as facilitators used by parents to manage these barriers. To enable informed decision-making on how to measure empowerment, a systematic review was conducted to identify questionnaires that best measure health-related empowerment among adults and in families. / In a randomized controlled trial, 36 families were allocated to the intervention (n=17) or control group (n=19). The six week intervention included three, two hour group sessions, followed by three follow-up telephone calls, all at weekly intervals. Data were collected in interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and at six months follow-up. / No significant difference was detected between the intervention and control groups in the number of cigarettes smoked in the home daily at six months follow-up. However empowerment increased and the number of cigarettes smoked in the home decreased in both the intervention and control groups from baseline (median=17) to six-month follow-up (median=5). / Parents identified multiple barriers to smoke-free homes and vehicles including personal factors, factors involving others, and factors related to the physical environment. The most commonly identified barriers to smoke-free homes were personal factors, with tobacco addiction cited most often. In describing how to overcome barriers, parents identified facilitators involving other people as most effective, yet they most often relied on themselves. None ofthe parents identified a health provider as a facilitator. The multiple and complex barriers identified in this study suggest that interventions and practice guidelines should incorporate multiple strategies and individualized approaches to assist parents to make their homes and vehicles smoke-free.
59

Educating patients with heart failure /

Gwadry-Sridhar, Femida. Guyatt, Gordon Henry. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2005. / "Health Research Methodology". Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.
60

The emergence of the social determinants of health on the policy agenda in Britain : a case study 1980-2003 /

Andress, Lauri. Linder, Stephen H. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-166).

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