La polytonalité relève d’une démarche compositionnelle dont la définition d’ensemble s’avère extrêmement simple : il y a polytonalité quand deux ou plusieurs tonalités sont entendues simultanément. Mais cette apparente simplicité soulève paradoxalement une masse considérable de problèmes théoriques et analytiques, car cette forme d’écriture musicale, l’une des plus fluctuantes de l’harmonie contemporaine, ne permet précisément pas « d’entendre » deux tonalités simultanément de manière systématique. Cette thèse tente de dissiper un certain nombre de brouillards qui flottent depuis toujours autour de la polytonalité, d’un point de vue théorique et analytique tout d’abord, en proposant de refonder la théorie polytonale et en mettant en place une méthode analytique spécifique à cette forme d’écriture. D’un point de vue historique, cette thèse tente de dresser la filiation authentique de la polytonalité et de comprendre quelles sont les facteurs ayant entraînés son expansion et son déclin. Le sujet étant très vaste, de nombreuses études existent, offrant des perspectives très diverses sur ce phénomène complexe, mais peut-être qu’aucune n’avait jamais réellement tenté d’embrasser le sujet dans son intégralité. / Polytonality depends of a compositional approach which the definition of turns out extremely simple: there is polytonality when two or several keys are simultaneously heard. This visible simplicity creates paradoxically a considerable mass of theoretical and analytical problems, because this musical writing, one of the most fluctuating of the contemporary harmony, does not exactly allow "to hear" two keys simultaneously in a systematic way. This thesis tries to dissipate fogs which float for a long time around polytonality: from a theoretical and analytical point of view first of all, by suggesting re-establishing polytonal theory and by setting up a specific analytical method. From a historic point of view, this thesis tries to find the authentic origins of polytonality and to understand what are factors having pulled its expansion and its decline. Numerous studies about polytonality exist, offering very different perspectives on this complex phenomenon, but maybe no one had tried to embrace the subject in its entirety.

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The central role that avant-garde music and dance theatre played in the interplay and synthesis of the arts and media in the 1920s, particularly in Paris, is well known. However, the creative potential of ballet has hardly been recognized in its manifold relationships with film and cinematic-inspired expression. The extent to which especially ballet music interacted with the latest cinematographic principles and techniques and referred to cinematic aesthetics in a variety of ways can instructively be seen regarding the productions of the Ballets Suédois. This is discussed in this article with an exemplary look at Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel (1921), Within the Quota (1923), Skating Rink (1922) and Relâche (1924). By that it becomes clear that the transmedia inclusion of cinematographic ideas not only inspired the vocabulary of avant-garde dance and modern choreography, but was also distinctively reflected in the conception and composition of film-affected music.