Bakgrund: De senaste åren har den offentliga upphandlingen ökat i omfattning och utgör nu ca 17 procent av Sveriges BNP. Det är viktigt att de offentliga upphandlingarna utförs effektivt och i detta arbete spelar kravspecifikationen en viktig roll. En bra kravspecifikation är en förutsättning för att den upphandlande myndigheten ska få in anbud som motsvarar det de vill ha medan en bristfällig sådan kan ha stora konsekvenser för resultatet av upphandlingen. Det är dock i mycket en komplicerad uppgift att formulera krav för en tjänst, vars specifika egenskaper gör den mer svårdefinierad än en vara. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för kravspecifikationens roll i den offentliga tjänsteupphandlingen. Mer specifikt syftar studien till att undersöka vilka förutsättningarna är för att kunna utforma en bra kravspecifikation och vilka konsekvenser en bristfällig sådan kan ha för resultatet av upphandlingen. Genomförande: Med en kvalitativ ansats och genom personliga intervjuer har upphandlares syn på kravspecifikationens betydelse och svårigheter undersökts. Fyra semistrukturerade personliga intervjuer har genomförts med fyra erfarna upphandlare, från fyra olika offentliga organisationer - två landsting och två kommuner. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det är viktigt med god kunskap om marknaden och medvetenhet om verksamhetens behov för att en relevant kravspecifikation ska kunna utformas. En relevant och bra kravspecifikation motverkar ökade transaktionskostnader och ökar möjligheterna att den tjänst som verksamheten är i behov av levereras. Studiens resultat visar vidare att det är viktigare att kravspecifikationen är relevant och tydlig än att den är detaljrik och att funktionsbaserade kravspecifikationer har många fördelar. / Background: In recent years, the public procurement has increased in importance and it now represents about 17 percent of Sweden's GDP. It is important that the public procurement is carried out effectively and due to this the requirement specification plays an important role in the process. A good requirement specification is a condition for that the purchasing authority receives tenders that correspond to what they want; while a lack of such may have major implications for the outcome of the procurement. However, it is a complex task to draw up requirements for a service, whose particular characteristics make it more difficult to define than a commodity. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of the requirement specification's role in the public service procurement. More specifically, the study aims to examine what the conditions are to work out a good requirement specification and the consequences a lack of such may have for the outcome of the procurement. Method: With a qualitative approach and through personal interviews, the purchasers view of the importance and difficulty of the requirement specification has been examined in this study. Four semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with four senior purchasers from four different public organizations - two counties and two municipalities. Results: The findings of this study indicate that good knowledge about the market and awareness of the organization’s needs is important for the formulation of a relevant requirement specification. A relevant and good requirement specification counteract high transaction costs and increase the possibility of delivery of the, by the organization, requested and needed service. Further, this research imply that it is more important for the requirement specification to be relevant and clear than to be detailed, and that function based specifications have many benefits.

Text-to-image generation is one of the most significant technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) during recent years, with the software Midjourney being amongst the most popular tools for this purpose. There is however some uncertainty about how tools like Midjourney will impact and integrate with creative professions, such as graphic design. To successfully integrate graphic designers with image-generating software, it is necessary for the tools to be designed according to the needs of their design process. This study, therefore, examines the requirements graphic designers have for Midjourney to be integrated into the idea generation phase of their design process. Requirements were gathered through interviews, which were then prioritized through surveys. A comprehensive list of requirements was formulated based on these findings. An analysis of the results was also conducted to analyze the prioritization of each individual requirement. The results highlight areas of improvement in Midjourney, with a focus on control and usability. The discussion explores factors that could have influenced the validity of the results, along with a reflection on the study's implementation. Finally, the conclusion of the study outlines the key improvements needed for Midjourney according to the results and suggests directions for future research within the research area.