Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 375-396).

Thesis (M. Sc.)(Geography)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1943. / 'Die republiek Natalia' is a DPhil thesis, University of Stellenbosch. / INLEIDING: Reeds baie lank voor die stigting van die volksplanting is die vissery beoefen in die Suid-Afrikaanse waters : eers alleen deur die inheemse rasse, maar later ook deur die bemanning van verbyseilende skepe. Omtrent die ras wat Suid-Afrika voor die koms van die Boesman, Hottentot en Bantoe bewoon het, is baie min bekend. Uit hul lewenswyse wat nagespoor is sowel as uit die rol van die visvangs in die vroegste geskiedenis van ander lande, kan egter met sekerheid vasgestel word dat seediere vanaf 'n baie vroeë tydperk een van hul vernaamste voedselbronne was. Ophopinge van grotendeels vergane skulpe van eetbare weekdiere soos o.a. die mossel, oester en perlemoen en ook visgrate, is op verskillende plekke langs die Suid-Afrikaanse kus gevind. Vandaar die benaming "the Ancient Shellmound Men" deurTheal aan hietdie ras gegee. Maar uit die vroegste geskiedenis van ander lande blyk ook dat "fishing was one of man's earliest sources of food supply") en waarskynlik die oudste bedryf in die wêreld.

M.A. (Development Studies) / Resolving conflict in South Africa is one of the greatest challenges facing the country, in addition to being a basic prerequisite to creating a political and economic climate conducive to development. The continued violence between the ANC and the IFP, has been one of the main components of conflict in this country. It can be argued that the resolution of this particular conflict would be synonymous to having brought relative peace to South Africa I while simultaneously serving as a model for dealing with future conflict. It is the objective of this study to investigate the origins, characteristics and magnitude of the ANC/IFP conflict, thereby serving to create a basis for understanding and managing the conflict. Once clarity is achieved in this regard, the study will focus on the impact which conflict can have on development, with special reference to the KwaZulu/Natal region...

M.Ed. / This research was conducted in order to elicit and describe the perceptions of a group of young women who have participated in the Umendomuhle Community Education Project as to how it has influenced their lives. The secondary aim was to discover weaknesses and strengths in the project, and to help improve it. The Umendomuhle Community Education Project was initiated in order to increase the number of adult learners at the community centre, to help improve the standard of living for the community, and to empower young women with practical skills so as to increase self-employment. The project’s secondary aims were to develop the young women’s independence and to free them from the mentality of perceiving men as their source of income. This study was conducted with a sample of ten young women participating in the Umendomuhle community development project. The findings indicated that participants developed a change in self-esteem by respecting and trusting the self, respecting others, developing values acceptable to community and interpersonal skills. They also developed practical skills like agricultural skills, business skills, and personal finance management.

M.A. / This dissertation will focus on the notions of masculinity in Northern KwaZulu-Natal and the impact of that on the effectiveness of HIV/Aids prevention strategies employed by the South African government. It first examines gender and gender roles in society and then questions what it means to be a man and describes the concept masculinity as a socially constructed aspect of patriarchy with reference to a particular area of South Africa today. Masculinity is extended to the relations (both sexual and social) that men have with women as well as with other men. Notions of masculinity make men vulnerable because they lead to risk-taking behaviour that may result in HIV infection. I was drawn to this field after realising that most HIV/Aids prevention programmes do not take notions of masculinity into account. This specific geographical area was chosen for its proximity as well as the very high levels of HIV prevalence. During my research I realised that the realities of manhood and masculinity in the South African context are not addressed in the HIV/Aids prevention strategies of the South African government. This gap created by the absence of gender sensitivity with regards to men enhances the vulnerability of men and women in South Africa to be infected with HIV. My research in Northern KwaZulu-Natal included semi-structured interviews with five respondents, a focus group, questionnaires as well as in-depth literature study. / Ms. C. van Rooyen

M.A. / The subject of this mini-dissertation is the social assessment of the proposed development of a campsite project by the Amangwane community. This project is proposed for the Cathedral Peak area of the Kwazulu Natal northern Drakensberg in partnership with the local conservation authority KZN Wildlife. As a result of the Business Plan process it was decided that participation of the wider community was necessary to obtain their input in designing the requirements for a successful campsite development. In this way the community needs will be met as far as possible. The purpose of undertaking the social assessment was twofold. Firstly, it was undertaken to establish what social structures exist within the community. This was done in order to identify and analyse the characteristics of the social structures in relation to the identified characteristics of the proposed campsite project and the possible impacts the project might have on the community. Secondly, it undertook to make suggestions in mitigation of potentially negative factors. A qualitative style of research was adopted due to the high level of involvement of the researcher in the community being studied. This close association helped in obtaining first-hand information and a practical, participatory approach, described as participatory action research, was followed. It is notable that no significant negative social impacts were recorded. The most noteworthy finding of the research was that the expectations of the community, in terms of positive impacts, were way beyond what the project could deliver. This is particularly true in terms of job creation. The main mitigation measure suggested in this respect relates to education and information dissemination. A number of other suggestions are also put forward that could positively influence the implementation of the project and the subsequent benefits to the community. / Prof. Tina Uys Prof. Anton Senekal

M.Sc. / This study examined the disturbance and recovery patterns and processes of a subtropical dry forest in Southern Maputaland, South Africa in an attempt to determine how the forest areas interact with non-forest areas in the presence of human-induced disturbances. The KwaNibela Peninsula is an outcrop of land at the northern reaches of Lake St Lucia with patches of forest interspersed in a woodland matrix. The peninsula is inhabited by the local KwaNibela community who utilise the forest resources for a variety of purposes and the question is: how do the vegetation communities and species respond to these disturbances? The forest has increased in extent over the last 71 years; however the degree of forest patch fragmentation has also increased as a result of clearcutting areas of forest for homesteads, kraals, cropland and infrastructure. The floristic and structural changes from areas of core forest to the open woodland show that forest regeneration is taking place, particularly within the young, re-growth stages and certain shade-intolerant species only occur within the forest as mature individuals, with no recruitment under the forest canopy. The presence of open areas/gaps in and around the forest allows the recruitment of shade-intolerant species and this drives forest succession in a woodland environment. The resource use by the local community contributes toward the relatively high levels of regeneration and the forest in KwaNibela can be described as a young and dynamic KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Forest with affinities to related forest types. The vernacular names and uses of 82 plant species and eight animal species were recorded and compared to previously-recorded Zulu knowledge, as well as uses recorded elsewhere in Africa. A considerable number of species were found to have uses and vernacular names that are new to our current recorded knowledge and this study, therefore, reveals that the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Zulu ethnic group in Maputaland is incompletely recorded. A framework for sustainable resource use management was provided, based on the information collated during this study and it was ascertained that managerial efforts should focus on encouraging responsible resource use practices and promoting income and resource alternatives in the attempt to relieve pressure on forest resources while ensuring the long-term sustainability of forest-based livelihoods in this area.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources on earth and it forms an important part of the total water resources of South Africa. For this reason, this resource should be monitored and controlled on a regular basis. The study was conducted in Newcastle, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The aim of this study was to assess groundwater quality geochemically and determine its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. For the purpose of this study 31 samples were collected from 31 boreholes in and around the town of Newcastle. The samples were analysed for Magnesium (Mg2+), Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) (pH, TDS and Ec. The SAQWG (DWAF, 1996) and the WHO (2011) water standards were used as the basis of evaluating the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. For irrigation, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Percent (Na %), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium Ratio (MR) and Permeability Index (PI) were used to evaluate suitability. Classical hydro-chemical methods together with multivariate statistical methods were used to further understand the composition controlling processes. Lastly, the spatial distribution of the results was presented using ArcGIS. The results showed that the groundwater is alkaline in nature and that most of the samples are within the permissible range of both SAWQG (DWAF, 1996) and WHO (2011). Few samples showed concentration of Na+, Cl-, SO42- , F- and TDS above the guideline value as per WHO (2011) standards. The order of abundance of major ions in the groundwater, based on their mean values is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and HCO3->SO42- >Cl->NO3-. Classical hydro-chemical methods revealed four hydro-chemical facies in the study area, which are Ca-Mg-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3 and Na-Cl. The major ion chemistry analysis revealed that the main composition controlling processes in the study area is rock-water interaction. It further revealed that the ionic concentration is due to silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, cation exchange, gypsum dissolution and halite dissolution. Factor analysis indicated three factors, which explained 79.71 % of the total variance in the water quality data. The first factor which accounted for the highest variance in the data was the Alkalinity factor, followed by the Hardness factor and the Anthropogenic factor which accounted for the least variance. The cluster analysis revealed five clusters and discriminant analysis showed that Na+, TH, HCO3- and SO42- discriminate these clusters by 96.8%. In conclusion, the study revealed that the groundwater in most of the boreholes in the study area is generally suitable for drinking and irrigation. This is with exception to boreholes 13 and 31 which showed concentrations higher than the permitted level by WHO (2011) standards of TDS, Na+, Cl-, SO42- and F-. Similarly, 45.16% the groundwater samples showed that the groundwater has high sodium hazard potential which makes water from these boreholes unsuitable for irrigation purposes without proper treatment. accounted for the least variance. The cluster analysis revealed five clusters and discriminant analysis showed that Na+, TH, HCO3- and SO42- discriminate these clusters by 96.8%. accounted for the least variance. The cluster analysis revealed five clusters and discriminant analysis showed that Na+, TH, HCO3- and SO42- discriminate these clusters by 96.8%.In conclusion, the study revealed that the groundwater in most of the boreholes in the study area is generally suitable for drinking and irrigation. This is with exception to boreholes 13 and 31 which showed concentrations higher than the permitted level by WHO (2011) standards of TDS, Na+, Cl-, SO42- and F-. Similarly, 45.16% the groundwater samples showed that the groundwater has high sodium hazard potential which makes water from these boreholes unsuitable for irrigation purposes without proper treatment.

Rural community participation in tourism-based developments in and around protected areas has emerged as a major trend in the Developing world during the last three decades. The basic design of rural community participation in tourism-based developments involves the empowerment of rural communities to participate in such a way in the planning and management of these developments that they have a greater level of control on the effects that these developments have on them and on their environment. The motivation behind the popularity of the approach towards participatory development stems from the dissatisfaction with the centrally driven, top-down type of development that originated during the previous century and out of a desire to purposefully involve rural communities to the extent where they can effectively and sustainably develop and manage their resources. The research of this study presents an analysis of the participation of the Mbila community of the Sodwana Bay National Park in the tourism-based developments of the region. The literature in the study revealed that the principal fundamentals of rural community participation in tourism-based developments reside in the empowerment of the community to be able to involve themselves sufficiently in the tourism-based developments of their region. The focus of the research was therefore on determining the quality of the empowerment that the Mbila community enjoy and on the subsequent levels of control that this empowerment provides them with. The research results revealed however, that although the community seems to be sufficiently empowered to legally participate in the tourism-based developments of their area, they are still not involved to the degree that this participation generates meaningful changes to their overall livelihood. The reasons for these low levels of participation include aspects such as the harshness of the physical environment and the subsequent limited development opportunities in the area; the prevalence of insufficient levels of education and training; difficulties experienced in the communication between some of the institutions and the presence of certain forms of restrictive legislation. The study argues that satisfactory levels of participation can only be achieved if these difficulties are overcome to the extent where they permit community participation that achieves the enhancement of the quality of life for the Mbila community. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted