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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

L?gica por tr?s dos contratos sociais

Barbalho, Jordana da Costa 19 December 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JordanaCB_DISSERT.pdf: 1974696 bytes, checksum: 07b987e745ca9340a2f8e2dcb47caf8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Natural selection shapes body and behavior of each species. For primates, the social environment constituted one of the greatest selective pressure for the development of their cognition. When we consider gender differences, we see that sexual selection also operates through different selective pressures for men and women not only in physical terms but in terms of cognitive skills. Among these, the primary cognitive abilities - that emerge naturally - and secondary - that rely on an artificial environment for learning - develop differently for each sex, making them suitable for specific tasks in different capacities. Previous studies utilized the Wason Selection Test a conditional logic tool - to measure, among several other things, the ability to recognize violation of rules in abstract contexts and social contexts. Subjects generally had better performance in the latter, however, in these studies possible differences motivated by learning in formal logic or genre were not considered. Our study investigated these two variables, as well as the time spent to solve each task. Furthermore, we used an index to take into account the rights and wrongs of the participants in tasks. We realized that although learning in formal logic does not bring significant differences in solving tests, the gender differences are strongly observed when we consider the social contexts and abstract. Women perform better in social tasks. This can be explained due to different sexual selective pressures for this gender in terms of one-on-one relationships within the group. Men are better at tasks of abstract context and this is probably due to the same reason. Their capabilities for territory defense, habitat navigation and forming coalitions depends on primary cognitive abilities that support secondary cognitive skills of abstraction. Thus, gender differences are a factor to be taken into account in controlling future experiments with the same tool / A sele??o natural molda o corpo e o comportamento de cada esp?cie. Para os primatas, o ambiente social constituiu uma das maiores press?es seletivas para o desenvolvimento da sua cogni??o. Quando consideramos as diferen?as de g?nero, vemos que a sele??o sexual tamb?m atua atrav?s de diferentes press?es seletivas para homens e mulheres n?o s? em termos f?sicos, mas em termos de habilidades cognitivas. Dentre estas, as habilidades cognitivas prim?rias - que emergem naturalmente - e secund?rias - que dependem de um ambiente artificial de aprendizagem - se desenvolvem de forma diferente para cada sexo, tornando-os aptos para capacidades distintas em tarefas espec?ficas. Estudos anteriores utilizaram a ferramenta de l?gica condicional Teste de Sele??o de Wason para medir, dentre v?rias outros aspectos, a capacidade de reconhecimento de viola??o de regras em contextos abstratos e em contextos sociais. Os sujeitos em geral tinham um melhor desempenho neste ?ltimo, entretanto, em tais estudos n?o foram consideradas poss?veis diferen?as motivadas por aprendizagem em l?gica formal ou g?nero. Nosso trabalho investigou essas duas vari?veis, bem como o tempo gasto para a resolu??o de cada tarefa. Al?m disso, utilizamos um ?ndice para levar em conta os acertos e erros dos participantes nas tarefas. Percebemos que, embora a aprendizagem formal em l?gica n?o traga diferen?as significativas na resolu??o dos testes, as diferen?as de g?nero s?o fortemente observadas quando levamos em conta os contextos social e abstrato. Mulheres t?m melhor desempenho em tarefas sociais. Isso pode ser explicado gra?as a diferentes press?es seletivas sexuais para este g?nero em termos de rela??es individuais para suporte dentro do grupo. Homens s?o melhores em tarefas de car?ter abstrato, e isso provavelmente se deve pelo mesmo motivo. Suas capacidades para defesa de territ?rio, navega??o no habitat e forma??o de coaliz?es dependem de habilidades cognitivas prim?rias que apoiam as capacidades cognitivas secund?rias de abstra??o. Sendo assim, as diferen?as de g?nero constituem um fator a ser levado em conta no controle em experimentos futuros com a mesma ferramenta
2

L?gica condicional

Silva, Adriano Marques da 15 December 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianoMS_DISSERT.pdf: 2088118 bytes, checksum: dd824a46d35773271668ba84f8280fa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-15 / The main goal of this work is to clarify the central concepts involved in the study of formalization of conditional sentences. More specifically, it has been done a comparative analysis of the two greater and more traditional proposals of conditional formalization (Lewis 1973c e Adams 1975). These proposals were responsible for the creation of a way of analysis that still present in the current debate about this subject. This work pursues to explain the principal assumptions held within these proposals. According to certain disambiguation techniques from Bennett (2003) and Lycan (2005), this work tries to explicit how these assumptions connect to the aims sought by the initial approaches. The following results show that there is a not declared presumption, the definition of the object of study of these theories, i.e., the definition of conditional sentence. This work argues that despite of not explicitly declared the definition of the study object has a central role in the intelligibility of the debate itself / estudo da formaliza??o das senten?as condicionais. Mais especificamente, empreendemos uma an?lise comparativa de duas das principais e mais tradicionais propostas de formaliza??o dos condicionais (Lewis (1973c) e Adams (1975)), propostas respons?veis pela inaugura??o de vertentes de an?lise que ainda se fazem presentes no debate contempor?neo sobre o tema. Visamos, fundamentalmente, o esclarecimento das principais assun??es presentes nessas propostas. Com base em certas t?cnicas de desambigua??o presentes em Bennett (2003) e em Lycan (2005), buscamos explicitar como essas assun??es articulam-se, efetivamente, aos objetivos almejados pelas abordagens inaugurais. Os resultados que se seguem mostram que existe um pressuposto, n?o explicitamente declarado, t?cito, a defini??o do objeto de estudo dessas teorias, isto ?, a defini??o de senten?a condicional. Argumentamos que, apesar de n?o claramente declarada, a defini??o do objeto de estudo desempenha um papel fundamental na pr?pria inteligibilidade do debate

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