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<i>Brucella abortus</i> is capable of resisting the microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells and growing within phagocytic cells, usually macrophages. <I>B. abortus</i>, like several other intracellular bacteria responds to the hostile environment in macrophages by producing heat shock proteins (HSPs) which are induced by environmental stresses. Bacterial HSPs are very immunogenic, eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses in the infected host. The significance of host cellular and protective immune responses directed against these proteins is currently unresolved. Baculovirus recombinants were generated in <i>Sf9</i> insect cells for <i>B. abortus</i> HSPs and the protein expression was optimized. Humoral (Western blot), cell mediated (CMI, IFN-g- release by splenocytes, and CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T cell/ total splenocytes ratios) and protective immune responses of BALB/c mice (challenge with virulent <i>B. abortus</i> 2308) against these recombinants, against <i>B. abortus</i> superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ribosomal L7/L12 proteins, inoculated alone or in various combinations with complete Freund's, Ribi and recombinant IL-12 as adjuvants, were analyzed. Vaccinia virus-GroEL recombinant as priming immunogen, followed by baculovirus-GroEL-Ribi booster, was explored. Androstenediol, an immune up-regulator, was tested for its ability to induce resistance against challenge. None of the mice inoculated with individual, divalent or trivalent HSP-expressing <i>Sf9</i> cells combined with Freund's were protected against challenge and the <i>Sf9</i> cell-induced response masked the recombinant protein-specific CMI responses. Recombinant HSPs were purified and combined with Ribi. Although significant IFN-g release was induced by immunization with the HtrA-Ribi combination, no mice were protected against challenge. Priming with vaccinia virus-GroEl recombinant and boosting with purified baculovirus-GroEL protein-Ribi combination did not induce protection. Androstenediol did not enhance in vivo resistance to challenge. IL-12 alone did not activate splenocytes but induced significant IFN-g release in mice when combined with killed <i>B. abortu</i>s RB51 vaccine, purified recombinant HtrA or purified SOD proteins, or L7/L12 expressing <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells. Significant protection was induced by SOD combined with IL-12. No correlation was seen between IFN-g release by splenocytes and protection against challenge in the SOD/IL-12-immunized mice. The results suggest that <i>B. abortus</i> HSPs are not highly immunogenic in mice and though various immune responses may be induced by one or another HSPs, protective immune response, unfortunately, is not among them. The results of this study reflect the difficulties in experimenting with immune responses against single or a limited number of recombinant <i>B. abortus</i> proteins. This is particularly true when the task includes induction of a protective immune response and finding significant correlation between different types of immune response assays. / Ph. D.

La plasticité des protéines joue un rôle majeur dans l'expression de leur fonction. Or, les déplacements amples de groupes d'atomes à l'intérieur des protéines sont souvent difficiles à étudier expérimentalement. Par exemple, on ne sait dire ce qui distingue entre eux les sous-états conformationels mis en évidence par Frauenfelder. Pour préciser l'interprétation de ce type de donnée expérimentale, les méthodes de dynamique moléculaire seraient idéales si le calcul de trajectoires d'environ 100 nsec était possible. La méthode de dynamique moléculaire confinée que nous avons développée repose sur la description que donne la théorie des modes normaux des mouvements amples et lents d'une protéine. Elle permet de calculer des trajectoires beaucoup plus longues que d'ordinaire. Cependant, un comportement anharmonique méconnu perturbe le déroulement des trajectoires calculées ainsi, et ce même dans le cas d'un polypeptide ne subissant aucun changement de conformation (la décaalanine). Pour préciser les voies de développement ultérieur de notre méthode, la dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'un mouvement ample et lent d'une petite protéine, le fragment C-terminal de la protéine ribosomale L7/L12.