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In the thesis are analysed influences of three shield gases, based on literary pursuit. Compared was influence of the gas consisting of pure Ar, mixture Ar with 3vol.% CO2 and the mixture Ar with 18vol.% CO2 on mechanical properties of conduction laser welded blunt welds made from structural steel DC01 and S235JR with thickness 3mm and 2mm. Compared were strength properties of the welds in tension, weld hardness and hardness of the heat affected area under the low stress. Further was observed and compared stream of the gases during welding process and its influences on the appearance of the trial welds. On the metallographical cuts of the welds were evaluated mistakes and dimensions of the welds.

This diploma thesis deals with the experiment of welding galvanized sheets using fiber laser. The experiment is based on testing of welds lap joints with different gap between the welded parts. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis describes the principles and different types of lasers, laser welding technology, welding defects, galvanizing and inspection of welded joints. In the experimental part of the thesis welding tests and analysis of the results of the experiment have been realised and evaluated.

Scania wants to lower the weight of their trucks, including the goal to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions, and one way to do that is to use laser welding instead of fastenings.This bachelor thesis work is about laser welding of ductile cast iron, or spheroidal graphite cast iron or nodular cast iron, to QT-steels and case hardening steel and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the weld. Also laser welding of cast steel to the same two materials are being evaluated in this work. Tests are done to evaluate the effect on the material from laser welding. The tests are tensile tests and Vickers hardness test; both across and along the weld and in some areas of interest. EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) is used to analyze the composition in the weld and light optical microscope is used to look at the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The results shows that the hardness is high in the heat affected zone due to the formation of martensite and that the materials mix more towards the root of the weld. The materials also mix more if the weld depth is deeper. The width of the heat affected zone seems to be longer if the heat input is higher. It is also clear that welding of cast steel is less complicated than the welding of ductile cast iron. That is because ductile cast iron gets a hard and brittle heat affected zone (HAZ) while the cast steel does not. The cast steel can also be welded without filler wire without getting to hard or to brittle. If laser welding is to be used in the future the component should be constructed in such a way that the fusion zone is not carrying the main load. Tests on fatigue strength should also first be done on a finished component as it cannot be tested on the samples in this work. This work was conducted at Scania AB and the royal institute of technology, KTH, in Sweden. / Scania vill sänka vikten på sina lastbilar, bland annat för att minska utsläppen av koldioxid, och ett sätt att göra det är att lasersvetsa istället för att använda bultar. Detta kandidatexamensarbete handlar om lasersvetsning av segjärn, eller nodulärt gjutjärn som det också kallas, till seghärdningsstål och sätthärdningsstål samt utvärdering av svetsens mekaniska egenskaper. Även lasersvetsning av gjutstål till samma stålsorter som ovan utvärderas i detta arbete.Tester görs för att utvärdera effekten på materialet från lasersvetsningen. Testerna är dragprov och Vickers hårdhetstestning; både tvärs över och längs med svetsen samt även i vissa områden av särskilt intresse. EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) används för att analysera sammansättningen i svetsen och ljusoptiskt mikroskop används för att se svetsgodset och den värmepåverkade zonen. Resultaten visar att hårdheten går upp i den värmepåverkade zonen på grund av martensit bildning och att materialen blandar sig mer närmare svetsroten. Materialen blandar sig också mer om svetsdjupet är djupare. Den värmepåverkade zonens bredd verkar vara större om sträckenergin är hög. Det står också klart att svetsning av gjutstål är mindre komplicerat än svetsning av segjärn eftersom segjärnet får en hög hårdhet i den värmepåverkade zonen medan det inte alls blir så för gjutstålet. Gjutstålet kunde också svetsas utan tillsatsmaterial utan att få ett för hårt eller sprött svetsgods. Om man vill använda lasersvetsning i framtiden ska komponenter konstrueras så att svetsen inte bär huvudvikten eftersom resultatet visar att svetsgodset får lägre brottgräns. Utmattningstester borde också göras på en färdig komponent eftersom det inte kan testas på proven från det här arbetet. Detta arbete utfördes på Scania AB och Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, i Sverige.

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The diploma thesis focuses on laser welding of extra deep-drawn steel sheet according to the standard WSS-M1A365-A14 with a protective zinc surface layer. A 0,9 mm thick steel sheet with a zinc layer with coating weight 50 g · m^-2 is welded by a hybrid welding method Laser-TIG. The laser, as the primary energy source, is used for welding the material. The arc, provided by a non-melting tungsten electrode, is used for preheating the material for melting and evaporation of the zinc layer. Based on the initial experiments, the magnitude of the laser power with the welding speed was chosen as a constant parameter. The magnitude of the electric current, as the variable parameter, was set up to 0, 20, 30 and 40 ampers for welding the lap and the butt welds. Only one piece of the each weld type combination was made. The welds were afterwards tested to verify their quality and material properties. The first differences between laser welding with or without TIG preheating were visible during the experiment. The positive effects of the laser welding with preheating by TIG were confirmed. The material properties of the joints achieved better values and a influence of the welding defects on the quality of the joints was reduced. The Laser-TIG is a good choice for welding galvanized steel sheets in the mass production of automotive industry and it could be improved by more researches.

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Master of Science / Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Shuting Lei / Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is an important polymer in the field of tissue engineering. It has many favorable properties such as biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, high melting point, low solubility in organic solvents, high tensile strength and is used in a variety of medical related applications. Currently there are various methods such felting, stitching, use of binder/adhesive for joining the non woven meshes of PGA polymer in order to make suitable three dimensional scaffolds. The existing methods for joining the non woven meshes of PGA polymer are usually time consuming and not very flexible. Thus there is a need for a better technique that would overcome the drawbacks of the existing methods. Laser welding offers potential advantages such as high welding rates, easy to automate, improved seam and single sided access such that welds can be performed under various layers of fabric. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to conduct a fundamental study on laser welding of non woven PGA scaffold felts. An experimental setup for spot welding is built that would assist in the formation of tubular structures. A factorial design of experiments is used to study the effects of the operating parameters such as laser power, beam diameter, time duration and pressure on the weld quality. The weld quality is assessed in terms of weld strength and weld diameter. Based on the parametric study, a regression analysis is carried out to form correlations between weld quality and the operating parameters, which could be used to select the optimal operating conditions. The successful welds obtained by the laser welding process have no discoloration and are stronger than the tensile strength of the original non woven sheets of PGA biofelt.

Med syftet att undersöka hur ett föremåls autenticitet påverkas av renovering/restaurering, har tolkningar av tre författares respektive syn på begreppet autenticitet applicerats på två restaurerade armbandsur. Renoverings- och restaureringsmetoden som har granskats är lasersvetsning, vilken är snabbt växande till följd av sina positiva egenskaper. Då armbandsurens ekonomiska värde stiger i takt med att det allmänna intresset blir större, finns relevans i att studera den renoverings- eller restaureringsmetod oftast diskuteras i samband med ekonomiskt värde. Även om författarnas ståndpunkter skiljer sig åt, så tycks en gemensam synpunkt vara att begreppet autenticitet är högst subjektivt. I förlängningen har det lett till slutsatsen att begreppet autenticitet ofta är individuellt och att det möjligtvis bör undvikas vid diskussion av konservering, restaurering och renovering. / With the aim to investigate how an object's authenticity is affected by the renovation/restoration, the interpretations of three authors respective views on the concept of authenticity is applied to two restored wristwatches. The renovation or restoration method that has been examined is laser welding, which is rapidly growing as a result of its positive qualities. Since wristwatches economic value rises in line with the public interest becomes greater, the study of the renovation or restoration method that is usually discussed in the context of economic value is relevant. Although the authors positions may differ, there seems to be a common denominator to the concept of authenticity as highly subjective. This has led to the conclusion that the concept of authenticity is often too individual and that it possibly should be avoided when discussing issues of preservation, restoration and renovation.

Orientador: Vicente Afonso Ventrella / Resumo: O presente trabalho consistiu em uma análise da influência da adição de elementos gamagênicos, estabilizadores da austenita, no processo de união autógena do aço superduplex UNS S32750, soldados com Laser Pulsado Nd:YAG. Os corpos de prova foram soldados utilizando duas técnicas: introdução de nitrogênio gasoso na atmosfera protetora, e adição de uma liga de níquel (Inconel 625 e Hastelloy C-276) na junta a ser soldada, tendo-se como objetivo a avaliação das propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais da junta soldada, como microdureza e tração. Todos os dados foram obtidos nos laboratórios da área de Materiais e Processos de Fabricação e no Laboratório de Soldagem da UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP. O processo de soldagem foi realizado com a máquina de solda a laser UW 150A. Para a revelação dos detalhes dos cordões de solda foi utilizado o reagente Behara modificado. As medidas geométricas dos cordões de solda, como largura e profundidade, foram realizadas no microscópio Estéreo Zeiss Discovery V8. O MEV (Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura) foi utilizado para a obtenção dos detalhes microscópicos dos cordões de solda. Os ensaios de tração foram realizados na Máquina Universal de Ensaios, e os valores de microdureza Vickers foram obtidos com o apoio do ultramicrodurômetro digital Shimadzu, modelo DUH 211S. Os resultados da microdureza Vickers, e dos ensaios de tração, nos corpos de prova obtidos com o uso dos gases d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present work consisted in an analysis of the influence of the addition of gamma - genic elements, stabilizers of austenite, in the process of autogenous union of the superduplex steel UNS S32750, welded with Nd: YAG Pulsed Laser. The specimens were welded using two techniques: introduction of gaseous nitrogen into the protective atmosphere and addition of a nickel alloy (Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276) in the joint to be welded, with the objective of evaluating the mechanical properties and microstructural weld joints, such as microhardness and tensile strength. All data were obtained from laboratories in the area of Materials and Processes of Manufacture and at the Welding Laboratory of UNESP - Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP. The welding process was performed with the UW 150A laser welding machine. For the development of details of the weld beads, the modified Behara reagent was used. The geometric measurements of the weld beads, such as width and depth, were performed on the Zeiss Discovery V8 Stereo Microscope. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) was used to obtain the microscopic details of the weld beads. The tensile tests were performed in the Universal Testing Machine, and the Vickers microhardness values were obtained with the support of the Shimadzu digital ultramicrodurometer, model DUH 211S. The results of the Vickers microhardness and the tensile tests on the specimens obtained with the protection gases Argon and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre