Les recherches que nous présenterons dans cette thèse ont pour principal but de mettre en lumière le statut philosophique de l'« enseignement » chez Emmanuel Levinas. Nous essayerons de montrer que le concept d'enseignement est mis en oeuvre - bien que de façon souvent latente et implicite - dans l'ensemble de sa pensée philosophique. Comme nous l'examinerons tout au long de notre travail, ce concept d'enseignement se détermine chez Levinas d'une manière assez différente de celle habituelle. À savoir que l'enseignement désigne, non par la transmission des connaissances d'une personne à l'autre, mais, avant tout, l'épreuve consistant à « être mis en question » dans la relation avec autrui, que le philosophe qualifie d'« éthique ». C'est du point de vue du croisement de l'enseignement et de l'éthique que notre thèse envisage d'aborder les divers problèmes fondamentaux de la philosophie de Levinas et, par-là, de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur celle-ci. / This thesis aims primarily to clarify the philosophical status of '"enseignement" in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. As we will show, the concept of "enseignement" is to be located at the very heart of Levinas' philosophy, and it is defined by him in a different way than usual. Namely, "enseignement" does not mean transmission of knowledge from one person to another, but it means instead passive experience of "being called into question (être mis en question)" in the ethical relation with the Other. It is at this intersection between "enseignement" and ethics that our thesis intends to interpret various fundamental problems of the philosophy of Levinas and to cast a new light on it.

Undervisningen som till störst del bedrivs i Sverige idag är arbete i matematikläroboken. Forskning visar att eleverna inte upplever att detta arbetssätt är motiverande eller meningsfullt. Problemlösning har i tidigare forskning visat öka elevernas motivation. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur problemlösning kan påverka motivationen hos elever i årskurs 6. Studien undersöker även hur eleverna upplever undervisningen, både genom arbete i läroboken och problemlösning, och hur interaktionen ser ut i klassrummet under de olika arbetssätten. Resultatet visar att eleverna upplevde arbete med problemlösning i grupper som positivt. De uttrycker även att det är mer givande att få arbeta med mer omfattande uppgifter som ger utmaning än att sitta och räkna massa tal i läroboken. Under arbetet med problemlösning pratade eleverna mer med varandra om matematik, och använde relevanta begrepp, jämfört med arbetet i läroboken då de framför allt pratade med läraren när de behövde hjälp. En slutsats som kan dras från denna undersökning är att det är positivt att arbeta med problemlösning då det upplevs roligare och mer motiverande, men undervisningen behöver fortfarande varieras för att nå alla typer av elever. / The mathematics textbook is dominating the teaching in Swedish schools today. Studies show that students don’t experience this as motivating or meaningful. Recent research has shown that problem solving could increase students’ motivation. The aim of this study is to examine how problem solving affects motivation in 6th grade students. The study also examine how students experience the teaching, both through work in the textbook and with problem solving, and how the interaction appears in the classroom during the different ways of working. The result shows that the students experienced problem solving in groups as positive. They expressed that it is more rewarding to work with more comprehensive tasks that is challenging than calculating in the textbook. During the work with problem solving the students talked more to each other about mathematics and used relevant terms. When they worked with the textbook they mostly talked to the teacher when they needed help. One conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that it is positive to work with problem solving as it is perceived more fun and therefore more motivating, but education still needs to be varied to reach all types of learners.

South Africa has recently introduced a new curriculum – curriculum 2005 and its revised version, the Revised National Curriculum Statement to replace the pre-apartheid education curriculum. C-2005 had come with some major changes in the teaching and learning of most subjects in the school curriculum. Among its major changes, the new curriculum focused on Environmental Education (EE) as a theme to be offered across the entire basic education or General Education and Training (GET) level curriculum. The one implication of that new focus on Environmental Education was that all the children at the basic education level were to be introduced to EE concepts and content. While the new version of C-2005, in the form of the RNCS places arguably less focus on Environmental Education as a theme, it retains the focus on environmental learning through (for example) the first principle listed for the RNCS: “Social justice, a healthy environment, human rights and inclusively.” Furthermore, a number of learning area outcomes with an environmental focus have also been retained. The whole focus on environmental learning, whether as a principle or a theme, is an unprecedented change in the curriculum of South Africa. Not many teachers, policymakers, learners, and other education stakeholders however, have the necessary experience to make such a major focus on Environmental learning workable within the current provincial systems of the country. It is against this background that a research was initiated to find out how the various provinces have responded to this new curriculum focus on EE. The study sought to explore the distribution of Environmental Education Opportunities to learn in the Mpumalanga province. Data for the study were collected mainly through qualitative interviews and document analysis with Environmental Education coordinator, subject advisers and the subject teachers within the province. An important finding in the study among others is that the Mpumalanga Education Department (MDE) on its own appears to have limited intellectual and material resources with which to build the schools’ instructional capacity for the implementation of the new Environmental Education policies and programs. I concluded the study by positing possible approach for providing Opportunities to Learn Environmental Education through an interaction between governmental and non-governmental resources and programmes in Mpumalanga. / Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This mixed-methods single case study explored how outcome-based instructional design can be used to incorporate social software into an existing e-learning course. Pre-service teachers enrolled in a teacher education program at a Canadian university volunteered to participate in a study where social software was incorporated into a foundations course to facilitate digital literacy development, social objects production, and reflection on how these experiences connect to future teaching practice. The instructional design process was guided by a conceptual framework and informed by W(e)Learn, a well-tested e-learning design and evaluation framework. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the instructional designer’s journal, participant surveys, course records and interviews. Findings provided a comprehensive view of the effectiveness of outcome-based instructional design. In general, participants achieved the expected learning outcomes for this study. There were also unexpected outcomes. For example, some learners created a virtual community of practice. Some learners had an influence on their in-service teacher’s use of social software in teaching and learning. The findings supported the literature that states an outcome-based instructional design approach can facilitate learning. The findings also revealed why participants used social software in their teaching (e.g. awareness, usefulness, and school environment). In addition, these findings can inform school board policy with regard to supporting the use of social software in teaching and learning. The integration of qualitative and quantitative findings revealed convergence and divergence between the two types of data. In addition the findings informed directions for further research, including the relationship between learners’ satisfaction and learning experiences as well as the achievement of learning outcomes. The corroboration of data also identified specific effective and iii imperfect areas of the instructional design strategies, which, in turn, informed the revision of the conceptual framework for outcome-based instructional design. This study found W(e)learn to be effective in guiding outcome-based instructional design and analyzing the achievement of expected learning outcomes. The study also contributes to theory by recommending the inclusion of two new elements into W(e)learn. Painstakingly recording the instructional design process in a journal resulted in documented practical information and lessons learned that may guide and benefit instructional designers and educators who want to incorporate software into their learning activities.

This thesis deals with recommender systems in the field of e-recruitment. The main objective is to design a job recommender system for career portal UNIjobs.cz. First, the theoretical background of recommender systems is provided. In the following part, specific properties of job recommender systems are discussed, as well as existing approaches to recommendation in the e-recruitment environment. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to designing a recommender system for career portal UNIjobs.cz. The output of that part is the main contribution of the thesis.

Der Ansatz des Konnektivismus und die rasante Verbreitung von Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) haben eine anhaltende Debatte um die Chancen, Schwierigkeiten und Perspektiven offener Lernnetzwerke in der Hochschulbildung ausgelöst. Die Diskussion reicht dabei vom befürchteten Verlust des Einflusses der Dozierenden als Gewährleister einer kritischen und vielseitigen Auseinandersetzung mit Themen und Lerninhalten, über die lernerseitigen Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche und gewinnbringende Beteiligung an konnektivistischen Kursangeboten, bis hin zur Frage, inwiefern offenes, vernetztes Lernen im institutionell verfestigten Rahmen der Hochschule überhaupt realisiert werden kann. Verlässliche Daten über konnektivistisch ausgerichtete MOOC-Angebote (sogenannte cMOOCs) mit vorrangig studentischer Beteiligung gibt es kaum, da diese im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher vor allem in non-formalen Settings bzw. im Weiterbildungsbereich angeboten und genutzt wurden. Dieser Beitrag stellt zentrale Ergebnisse der Durchführung und Evaluation eines cMOOC mit hauptsächlich studentischen Teilnehmenden vor, der im Sommersemester 2013 und Wintersemester 2013/14 in Kooperation zwischen drei deutschen Universitäten (Dresden, Chemnitz, Siegen) durchgeführt wurde. Der Fokus liegt auf der Frage, in welchem Ausmaß offenes, vernetztes Lernen im Rahmen eines Hochschulkurses ermöglicht werden kann und Lernergebnisse sich identifizieren lassen. Hierzu erfolgt eine Kombination quantitativer und qualitativer Evaluationsdaten.

Behavior analysts have proposed a primary measure, the "learn unit," to evaluate educational effectiveness. Past research has indicated this is a useful approach. The benefits of "learn units" may also apply to family interventions in autism. The current analysis evaluated the rates of learn units in a naturalistic parent-training program to determine if (1) definitions of learn units previously described in the literature can be reliably applied to family interventions and (2) an increased number of learn units correlate with increased child responding and attainment of child and family goals. Results from the current analysis demonstrated that the rate of learn units increased from baseline to training for all parent-child dyads and the percent of correct child responses increased for all children. Teaching parents the components of effective education may increase the quantity and quality of interventions for children diagnosed with autism.

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Thesis advisor: Lauri Johnson / Student discipline practices evolved significantly in recent decades, yet pervasive use of out of school suspension persists. Such exclusionary discipline practice negatively influences students’ opportunity to learn and restricts inclusion within the school environment. Wide belief and extensive research speaks to the benefit of alternative practices, yet a gap in research remains specific to what leadership practices influence such opportunities. The purpose of this individual study nested in a larger case study focused on leadership for inclusive practices, was an examination of leadership perceptions of how student discipline decisions can support a student’s opportunity to learn. This study, conducted in a diverse urban school district in Massachusetts, Northside Public Schools, included interview data from fourteen district and school leaders as well as examination of publicly available and locally provided documents as data for analysis. Findings indicate that fostering relationships between school, student, family, and community members is integral to inclusive practices as a whole, specifically when related to discipline situations and pivotal to effective implementation of alternatives to suspensions, such as Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports and Restorative Practices. Recommendations include intentional tiered systems development and implementation of instructional interventions as alternative to exclusionary discipline through a culturally responsive perspective. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Laborativ matematik har funnits som arbetsmetod inom matematikundervisningen under lång tid och har varit föremål för många diskussioner. Med en litteraturstudie var vårt syfte att undersöka vad forskning säger om att arbeta med laborativt material i grupp och i helklass med utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet. Databasen ERIC användes för att hitta vetenskapliga artiklar kring ämnet. Resultaten visar att det har gjorts mycket narrativ forskning på området. Laborativt material utgör en grund för konkretisering av abstrakta matematiska tankar och för kommunikation vid grupparbete och arbete i helklass. Det gäller även vid arbete i helklass där även lärarens roll är avgörande. De flesta studier visar en positiv effekt av att använda laborativa material, några få visar en negativ effekt och en studie har kommit fram till att det finns för lite forskning angående effekten av laborativa material. / Manipulatives have been used in mathematics for a long time and has been subject of debate. With a systematic literature review the purpose was to examine what research says about working with manipulatives in groups and in whole class based on the socio-cultural perspective. The ERIC database was used to gather scientific articles about the subject. The result shows that a lot of narrative research has been done in this area. Manipulatives can serve as a base for concretisation of abstract mathematical thoughts and for communication while working in groups or in whole class. During whole class work the teacher's role is especially crucial. Most studies show a positive effect when using manipulatives, a few show a negative effect and one study has concluded that there is too little research on the effect of manipulatives.