This thesis project focused on exploring protracted impediments among Syrian refugees in Lebanon, and examined the varying perspectives among stakeholders in the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon, looking at the international significance of their current public discourse and its consequent implications. This project was conducted with the purpose of contributing to the existing literature, but most importantly, it was conducted with the hopes of contributing to the stabilization phase being carried out by several organizational partnerships on the ground by providing relevant information focused on sustainability, capacity building and nonsectarian approaches. Notably, this project hopes to expose impediments in overlooked unofficial settlements in the Tamnine el Fawka Area, settlement #53415-01-007 and settlement #53415-01-011 in the Beqaa Valley Province, Lebanon. The information collected in this project was obtained through interviews, focus groups and an extensive observation process for four months throughout Lebanese territory. Funded by the UO Sandra Morgen Fellowship.

Le Liban se caractérise au sein de la Méditerranée orientale par sa diversité climatique, son organisation orographique (littoral/montagne/bassin) et la prépondérance des terrains carbonatés (60 % de son territoire). Ces caractéristiques font que le Liban connait sur un espace relativement réduit une grande diversité de phénomènes karstiques. Il constitue alors un espace-clé pour développer des référentiels tant pour les événements paléogéographiques qu'environnementaux qui puissent être appliquées sur le Proche-Orient. Plusieurs questionnements relatifs à la genèse des paysages et leur évolution restent encore non résolus face à la rareté des témoins morphogéniques de surface. L'endokarst constitue alors une nouvelle archive naturelle et environnementale pour pallier à ces contraintes. Ces archives se situent à la fois dans les formes des réseaux souterrains et dans les enregistrements sédimentaires (dépôts détritiques et chimiques : spéléothèmes). La recherche doctorale se concentre sur "l'apport des enseignements de l'endokarst dans la reconstitution des environnements passés et de la morphogénèse des vallées karstiques‘. Les sites d'études retenues dans cette recherche sont situées dans le Mont-Liban central: i) la vallée du Nahr el-Kelb et le réseau de Jeita et, ii) la vallée d'Antelias et la grotte de Kanaan et le réseau de Kassarat-Nabay. La recherche a deux principaux objectifs: i) poser le cadre paléogéographique des principaux systèmes karstiques dépendant de la Méditerranée (systèmes de Jeita et d'Antelias) à partir de l'approche géomorphologique appliquée dans les grottes de Kanaan, de Kassarat-Nabay et de Jeita. Celle-ci met en œuvre la démarche cartographique des systèmes souterrains étudiés pour replacer les différents objets d'étude dans leur contexte spatial, morphogénique et chronologique ; et ii) appréhender les changements environnementaux de cette région liés aux variations climatiques et aux occupations humaines. L'étude sédimentaire (détritique) repose sur une analyse fine (morphoscopique, morphométrique, minéralogique, colorimétrique et magnétique) des dépôts endokarstiques. / The lebanese landscape is characterized by karstic mountain chains (Mount-Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon) with a variety of surface karstic forms as well as endokarstic network systems. Karst landforms covers up to 60% of the lebanese territory. Several questions related to the morphogenesis and evolution of landscapes, espacially coastal valleys remain unsolved. Whereas geomorphic indicators are rare on the surface due to urban pressure and topgraphic constraints, we used sub-surface geomorphologic indicators revealed from the speleogenesis study of caves. Subsusrface karst network systems are an alternative mean to address these constraints and reconstitute the morphogenesis stages of the coastal valleys' landscape. Morphogeneitic and environmental reconstitution are based on both geomorphoic indiators of underground networks and on the sediments (clastic and speleothems) in caves. The PhD research focuses on "the contribution of endokarst networks in reconstituting past environments and morphogenestic phases of coastal valleys of Mount-Lebanon”. Two valleys located in the central part of Mount-Lebanon, are chosen for this study: i) the valley of Nahr el-Kelb with a study focused on Jeita cave network system, and ii) the Antelias valley two cave were selected in this sector, Kanaan cave (162 m long) and Kassarat Nabay cave network system (4,6 km long). The first objective of the study are: i) to reconstitute the stages of the karst system related with the downcutting of the Mediterranean hydrographic network (Antelias and Kelb river). The palaeogeographical framework is based on the geomorphological approach applied in the caves of Kanaan, of Ksarat-Nabay and Jeita. It implements the mapping process applied on the underground systems and analyses of the stages of cave evolution. The second objective is to understand the environmental changes in this region related to climate variations and human settlement. The study (detrital) is based on a detailed analysis (morphoscopic, morphometric, mineralogical, and magnetic color) of sediements in cave systems.

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This thesis examines the reconstruction of Lebanon following the war with Israel in the summer of 2006. Based on Stehr’s notion of the contemporary global economy (1994), the thesis offers a comprehensive account of how Lebanon used a global network to rebuild its infrastructure following the war and questions if the country is able to integrate fundamental elements of a knowledge-based society to participate in a worldwide economy and ensure future prosperity. Drawing on Luhmann’s social system’s theory (2002), the importance of shared objectives in collaborative projects and the recent importance of sustainable development theory in international relations, the thesis explores the communication practices used to organize this large-scale project. The study utilizes a qualitative research design with a macroscopic conceptual approach to offer a general understanding of the different systems that cooperate to aid in the reconstruction efforts. In-depth interviews are conducted with ten key informants, combined with the analysis of governmental reports, to identify significant investments offered by the international community and the different objectives of those involved in the project. A model illustrates the dynamics of these interactions, and helps to identify the areas most important to the country’s knowledge society. The protection of the country’s democratic system is identified as the overarching and shared objective of all those who contributed to the reconstruction of Lebanon, a value that is of great significance to a knowledge-based society.

This thesis examines the behavior of prices following the unexpected arrival of a large number of immigrants from Syria to Lebanon between 2012 and 2014. Using Lachs model with monthly data about prices, number of immigrants and natives, the total effect of immigration on lebanese prices was estimated. The final estimation that a one-percentage-point increase in the ratio of immigrants to natives decreases prices in Lebanon by 0,21 percentage-point, is consistent with introduced hypothesis and theory. It is argued that the reason for decrease are mainly lower immigrants wages which derive from their lower qualification.

Les enlèvements ont été massivement mobilisés durant les quinze années du conflit civil libanais (1975-1990). Violence de guerre encore peu étudiée, les captures, leurs rythmes et leurs usages révèlent pourtant certains mécanismes centraux du conflit. Cette thèse étudie dans un premier temps la place des enlèvements dans le système de guerre libanais, ses temps, ses géographies et son organisation. En suivant le déroulement des violences au plus près du terrain, on découvre la multitude des usages des captures et la complexité de leurs fonctions. Une second temps de la recherche s'intéresse aux trajectoires de captivité dans une perspective plus anthropologique. En suivant les temps des enlèvements de la capture à la détention et jusqu'à la sortie de captivité, on pénètre au cœur du quotidien guerrier et des expériences vécues par les civils et les combattants. / The kidnappings were massively mobilized during the fifteen years of the Lebanese civil conflict (1975-1990). Wartime violence, still poorly studied, catches, their rhythms and their uses reveal some central mechanisms of conflict. This thesis first studies the place of abductions in the Lebanese war system, its times, its geographies and its organization. By following the course of the violence as close as possible to the field, we discover the multitude of uses of the catches and the complexity of their functions. A second phase of research focuses on captive trajectories in a more anthropological perspective. By following the time of the kidnappings of the capture to the detention and until the exit of captivity, one penetrates the heart of the daily warrior and the experiences lived by the civilians and the combatants.

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Beirut Down Town is growing and a whole region is facing a transformation. On the N empty landfill next to the Marina I propose an urban park that can reflect Beirut's pulse and life. It is an urban structure in different levels that hovers over the city and overlooking the Mediterranean sea . The Park connects to the already existing seaside promenade a 6 km programmed walk full of activities, the Waterfront Park is designed to reflect the daily life on this seaside walk and meet the ambition of Vibrant City center. / Beirut Down Town växer och en hel region står inför en förvandling. På den tomma landmassan intill Marinan föreslår jag en stadspark som kan spegla Beiruts puls och liv. Det är en urban struktur i olika nivåer som svävar över staden och med utsikt över Medelhavet. Parken ansluter till den redan befintliga strandpromenaden en 6 km programmerad promenad full av aktiviteter, Beirut Waterfront Park är utformade för att återspegla det dagliga livet på denna strandpromenad och möta ambitionen av ett livliga centrum.

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