Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-245).

Les entreprises financent de plus en plus leurs biens d'équipement au moyen de contrats de location financière. Ce financement ne nécessite pas de fonds propres de la part de l'entreprise et permet aux établissements de crédit de conserver la propriété du bien. Celle-ci constitue une garantie considérable en cas de défaillance du locataire, situation à laquelle les établissements de crédit sont de plus en plus souvent confrontés. Toutefois, dans ce cas, les intérêts du bailleur financier s'opposent à l'intérêt collectif dans la mesure où les outils de production sont souvent indispensables au maintien de l'activité, nécessaire à la sauvegarde de l'entreprise tout comme au bon déroulement des opérations de liquidation. Cette thèse examine, dans une approche comparative franco-allemande, la conciliation des intérêts en présence. L'analyse est effectuée à travers l'étude des trois rôles du bailleur financier dans la procédure collective ouverte contre le locataire : cocontractant, créancier et propriétaire. Elle constate tout d'abord la nécessité de pouvoir maintenir le contrat de location financière après l'ouverture de la procédure malgré les inexécutions antérieures du débiteur. Elle envisage ensuite les conditions du paiement du bailleur financier. Enfin, elle présente les conditions de la restitution du bien au bailleur financier ainsi que les conditions de la levée de l'option d'achat. Cette étude fait ressortir la complexité du système français par rapport au système allemand pour des résultats pratiques similaires. / Businesses are increasingly using financial lease contracts to finance their capital goods. For the lessee, this form of financing offers the advantage that it does not require an injection of stockholders' equity. This mechanism also allows the finance company (the lessor) to retain ownership of the assets, a strong form of security in the event of the insolvency of the lessee. This becomes all the more relevant when one considers that finance companies are being confronted with cases of lessee insolvency more and more. However, this means that the interests of the lessor stand in opposition to the collective interest of creditors because the retention of a business's means of production is vital to keep the business in operation, which is necessary if the business is to be rescued or indeed wound up. This thesis analyses the reconciliation of the interests at stake based on a comparison between the situation in France and Germany. This analysis is done through a study of the three roles of the lessor in the insolvency proceedings of the lessee, namely as a co-contracting party, a creditor and an owner. First, it points out the necessity of keeping the financial lease in force after the opening of collective insolvency proceedings despite breaches of contract on the part of the lessee. Then it goes on to consider the payment terms of the lessor. And finally, it sets out the conditions for the return of the asset to the lessor and explains the terms of the exercise of the option to purchase the asset. This study shows how the French legal system is more complex than its German counterpart in essentially achieving the same practical results.

Facility Location problem refers to placing facilities (mostly vehicles) in appropriate locations to yield the best coverage with respect to other important factors which are specific to the problem. For instance in a fire station some of the important factors are traffic time, distribution of stations, time of the service and so on. Furthermore, budget limitation, time constraints and the great importance of the operation, make the optimum allocation very complex. In the past few years, several research in this area have been done to help managers by designing some effective algorithm to allocating facilities in the best way possible. Most early proposed models were focused on static and deterministic methods. In static models, once a facility assigns to a location, it will not relocate anymore. Although these methods could be utilized in some simple settings, there are so many factors in real world that make a static model of limited application. The demands may change over time or facilities may be dropped or added. In these cases a more flexible model is desirable, thus dynamic models are proposed to be used in such cases. Facilities can be located and relocated based on the situations. More recently, dynamic models became more popular but there were still many aspects of facility allocation problems which were challenging and would require more complex solutions. The importance of facility location problem becomes significantly more relevant when it relates to hospitals and emergency responders. Even one second of improvement in response time is important in this area. For this reason, we selected ambulance facility allocation problem as a case study to analyze this problem domain. Much research has been done on ambulances allocation. We will review some of these models and their advantages and disadvantages. One of the best model in this areas introduced by Rajagopalan. In this work, his model is analyzed and its major drawback is addressed by applying some modifications to its methodology. Genetic Algorithm is utilized in this study as a heuristic method to solve the allocation model.

Understanding the reasons for industry concentrating in certain areas is an important policy issue. South Africa has experienced a socio-political policy of apartheid that had an industrial counterpart: an industrial decentralisation programme. Since 1994 and the country's first democratic elections, a new industrial policy has been pursued with the aim of facilitating industrial activity in certain areas of the country. This study addresses the issue of manufacturing industry concentration in South Africa. First, a review of the theory of industry location and concentration is undertaken. This includes the theory of industry location put forward by Weber and Marshall. Then, more recent work by Krugman is examined within the context of the so-called New Economic Geography. The literature emphasizes the importance to industry location of factors such as being close to a supply of labour, minimization of transport costs and proximity to a market or source of demand for output. The New Economic Geography also deals with the notion of the development of an industrial "core" of the economy and a deindustrialised "periphery". The development of industrial policy in South Africa is dealt with. This includes an overview of development of the South African economy from a geographical perspective. This is followed by a review of key policy changes affecting industrial development in South Africa. This includes Industrial Decentralisation Policy and the Regional Industrial Development Programme pursued in the apartheid era. An examination is undertaken of industrial policy in the democratic era in terms of the spatial development initiatives and the Regional Industrial Location Study. Data that could be used in the analysis of industry concentration is reviewed. Then, the study examines the research hypothesis to be used in the study, namely that industry concentration in South Africa is a function of education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household income, urbanisation level of the population, population density and transport infrastructure density. The models involve cross-section analysis testing whether manufacturing industry concentration (measured in terms of manufacturing establishments) and manufacturing industry size (measured by manufacturing output) can be explained by factors such as education level of the population, skills level of the workforce, average household incomes, level of urbanisation, population density, road transport infrastructure density, as well as a dummy taking account of the decentralisation programme. The empirical analysis involves the use of the Cotton-Neumark decomposition method to test whether the attributes of the models can explain the differences in concentration of the manufacturing industry across provinces in South Africa. The study concludes that the attributes of the models can explain differences in industry concentration between Gauteng province on the one hand and the remaining provinces on the other. Attributes such as education and skills levels are shown to be important in the case of provinces such as Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. Attributes such as incomes and population density are identified as important in provinces such as Northern Province and North West. Road transport infrastructure density is significant in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. The decentralisation programme was found to be important in influencing industry location in the Eastern Cape Province. Finally, it is argued that industrial strategy in South Africa with a spatial or geographic element, such as the spatial development initiatives, must be implemented taking full account of factors that are most important in influencing industry concentration in a particular region. / Thesis (DPhil (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Economics / unrestricted

The location of industry has a marked impact on the spatial development and form of the urban area. In the past, the location of industry was determined almost entirely by the industrial firms concerned. Their decisions were based on such factors as cost, accessibility and taxation policies with little regard for the inhabitants of the communities in which they located or for their impact on the environment. This, with the increased urbanization and the phenomenal urban sprawl of the past few decades, has brought the realization that urban planning is essential. Urban planners are faced with a tremendous responsibility in attempting to balance the requirements of industry with the needs of the community. To achieve this goal it is necessary to identify industry's requirements as well as measure them in some manner. Following a general discussion of the various location theories and a review of the existing literature, this study attempts to discover by empirical means if any one of the sources of demand for industrial property is large enough to be used as a basis for predicting future growth and development in the Vancouver metropolitan area. The study incorporates in its framework a review of some of the existing literature on the location of industrial plants. The purpose of this section of the study (Chapter II) is to identify and summarize the various theories which attempt to explain why industry locates where it does. It provides the framework in which the case study of Vancouver can be presented. In addition, Chapter II provides a useful basis for comparing the observations of reviewed authors of other "western" cities with Vancouver. The primary objective of the study is to examine the sources of demand for industrial property to ascertain if any one is sufficiently large to allow it to serve as a basis for predicting future demand. It is hypothesized that the source arising from the relocation of existing companies is sufficiently large in metropolitan Vancouver to serve this purpose. Arising out of this is a secondary object: to analyse the characteristics of those firms which have relocated to discover if any common denominators exist which could be used to predict future industrial plant movements. The area of study has been restricted to Vancouver City and the Municipality of Burnaby. It would have been more desirable to include the entire metropolitan area, since definite conclusions could then have been drawn; however, the survey required to gather the data for the entire region was beyond the physical capability of any one individual. The survey yielded data on 238 companies. When the sample was originally constructed it was decided to choose 320 companies (or 40% of the presumed total population). This was considered necessary since the survey was to be conducted during the summer months. If, when the interviewer called on a company, he was unable to have the questionnaire completed, the company was dropped from the sample. In this manner, the sample was reduced to about 30%. The analysis indicated that much of the demand for industrial property originates within the metropolitan area. Although the relocation of existing industries appears to be the largest source of demand for industrial property, it is not so large that it dominates. As a consequence it is doubtful that this source could be used as a basis for projecting future industry requirements. An examination of the firms that had relocated showed that the majority moved due to dissatisfaction with the physical premises in which they were located. Once they had decided to move, they normally only gave scant attention to the location decision. This is perhaps due to the fact that many of these companies were small and did not own their premises. / Business, Sauder School of / Real Estate Division / Graduate

This thesis represents an empirical analysis of manufacturing location in Greater Vancouver based primarily upon the analysis of the returns to a location survey questionnaire mailed to manufacturing plants in Greater Vancouver employing over fifteen employees. In this questionnaire respondents are asked to assess the importance of a set of location factors in their regional locational decision. The quantitative techniques employed to analyze these returns seek to examine the similarity and difference in patterns of response among various industry types and size classes of respondents. The returns to this questionnaire are shown to possess severe limitations with regard to scope of coverage and format of the questionnaire itself in view of their utility as a data base for a study of metropolitan manufacturing location. Suggestions are therefore made with regard to how these limitations could have been overcome to furnish data of greater utility. This thesis, as a reflection of the limitations in its primary empirical data base, does not yield a great number of generally applicable findings. The findings however which do emerge are related to statements in the voluminous body of industrial location literature. The relevance of these findings to the planner concerned with the development of policy to regulate and accommodate manufacturing activity within Greater Vancouver is also discussed. The methodology employed and supplementary approaches suggested within this thesis would be applicable to more comprehensive metropolitan industrial location questionnaire returns. Suggestions with regard to improvements in questionnaire format are of general applicability and could contribute substantially to improving the quality of industrial location surveys in general, particularly at the metropolitan level of analysis. Such improvements could also lead to the gradual construction of industrial location theory of greater empirical utility. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

A major concern of community planning is with the social implications for people of the integration of the uses of space. One of the implications of this is the examination of the impact of the various uses of space on residential communities. In the past seventy years, civil aviation has grown to where airports require large amounts of space. As a major facility, the airport has a definite and distinctive impact on proximate residential communities. Airport location as dictated by two basic kinds of factors, those of physical ground and airspace requirements and the relationship to residential areas were examined. The solution to the second problem is currently to avoid these areas. This, however, neglects the problem of the impact of the airport on existing proximate residential areas. To put the problem in perspective the basic physical and airspace requirements were examined. To examine the second problem the following hypothesis was developed:- The proximity of a civil aviation airport significantly lowers the environmental quality of a residential area. There are two components to the hypothesis, that of the subjective view which residents take of the airport, and an examination of the facility from a residential point of view. The term "environmental quality" which is normative was operationalized in terms of five characteristics of the airport. 1) Aircraft Noise. 2) Air pollution from aircraft. 3) Non-occupant aircraft crash hazards. 4) Location of industry attracted by the airport. 5) Ground vehicle traffic. Each of these characteristics was examined to determine what its impact is on a residential area. Following this an attitude survey of Berkeville, a residential community located immediately adjacent to the Vancouver International Airport was undertaken to determine the residents attitudes to each of the five characteristics. Data on the socio-economic characteristics of the residents of Berkeville was also gathered, and questions directed to the reasons for moving to and staying in the area. Using the multivariate contingency tabulations program (MVTAB) socio-economic characteristics were correlated with the attitudes to each characteristic. The major conclusions of the thesis are that:- 1) The proximity of the airport results in a decline in the environmental quality of Berkeville. This is largely a function of aircraft noise and air pollution. These two characteristics create conditions for an area in constant transition. 2) Occupation, age, and length of resident were the most important and consistent indicators of attitudes to the five characteristics, but that the attitudes are in many cases generalized regardless of socio-economic characteristics. 3) The negative attitudes to non-occupant crash hazards, which constitute a small risk to the residents, can be traced to the areas'high population turnover, a situation which is linked to aircraft noise and aircraft air pollution. 4) The residents perceived quite clearly that the ground traffic problem had decreased over time. 5) The airport industrial area (excluding ground traffic) had little negative impact on Berkeville. 6) Attenuation of the aircraft noise and air pollution problems at the source is the only long-term solution to the problem. In the interim, residential areas and airports should be separated. , Attenuation of these two characteristics at the source, the maintenance of present airport zoning, separation of ground traffic, and central location of airport industry would result in compatibility of the airport and residential uses. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The built fabric of a city is predominantly comprised of solid and static structures that are often tightly packed together. Density defines a city. Space is extremely valuable. Despite this overarching density, small voids and tears in the urban fabric do exist. Many are too small or irregular to be feasible sites for development. Such spaces often become neglected and remain unused voids amongst the ever-growing surroundings. Architectural interventions on these niches of urban fabric can create desirable space that serves the community, its citizens and its visitors. Parasitic structures - prototypical, temporary and flexible in nature - can effectively make use of otherwise useless spaces and give them new life. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

The thesis deals with leases in the region of Brno, the breakdown of the various districts and particularly in the various locations, including characteristics that affect these leases. In each selected municipality of 10 flats are selected in each category for the winter and examined 10 categories of housing for the summer period. Districts were selected to best represent the geographical breakdown of the city of Brno to the north and south. The data are statistically evaluated and incorporated into the graphics. Thus, the data obtained are intended for practical use for the valuation of yield method.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Location Allocation, rooted in Operations Research and Mathematical programming, allows real world problems to be solved using optimization (based on mathematics and science) and equity principles (based on ethics). Finding nearest facilities for everyone simultaneously is a task solved by numerical and algebraic solutions. Bikeshare as a public good requires equitable allocation of bikeshare resources. Distance, as an impediment, can be minimized using location allocation algorithms. Since location allocation of this kind involves large numbers, sophisticated algorithms are needed to solve them due to their combinatorically explosive nature (i.e. as ‘n’ rises, solution time rises at least exponentially – sometimes called ‘Non Polynomial Time-Hard’ problems). Every day, researchers are working to improve such algorithms, since faster and better solutions can improve such algorithms and in turn help improve our daily lives.