Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448697.pdf: 1821163 bytes, checksum: 8ebb362c20f003840cd87e504cc220af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-14 / The genus monotypical Schizolecis was proposed by Britski & Garavello (1984), being Microlepidogaster guntheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 the type species. Its distribution occurs from the north of the state of Santa Catarina until the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, comprising several coastal river basins. Due to the act that the genus is widely distributed in such isolated river basins, it was suggested the possibility of more than one species being included in what today we know as Schizolecis guntheri. To test this hypothesis, the following morphometric analysis were performed: tradition biometry and comparision of the interval of proportions; multivariate analyses of Principal Components and Canonical Variables and multivariate analyses of geometric morphometry using Relative Warps. Perceptible differences were not found among the individuals of the populations analyzed of Schizolecis guntheri, being only detected a gender dimorphism among the samples from Ba?a da Ilha Grande, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A taxonomic revision was performed, together with a redescription of the genus and species. According to the results, it is concluded that all populations in differents coastal river basins of the state of Santa Catarina until the state of Rio de Janeiro, are a single species Schizolecis guntheri. / O g?nero monot?pico Schizolecis foi proposto por Britski & Garavello (1984), com Microlepidogaster guntheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 a esp?cie-tipo. Sua distribui??o ocorre do norte do estado de Santa Catarina at? o norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, compreendendo diversas bacias hidrogr?ficas costeiras. Devido ao fato do g?nero estar amplamente distribu?do em bacias hidrogr?ficas isoladas, sugeriu-se que haveria a possibilidade de mais de uma esp?cie estar inclu?da no que hoje conhecemos como Schizolecis guntheri. Para testar essa hip?tese, foram realizadas as seguintes an?lises morfom?tricas: biometria tradicional e compara??o de intervalo de propor??es; an?lises multivariadas de Componentes Principais e Vari?veis Can?nicas e an?lises multivariadas de morfometria geom?trica utilizando Relative Warps. N?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os indiv?duos das popula??es analisadas de Schizolecis guntheri, sendo detectado apenas um dimorfismo sexual entre os exemplares pertencentes ? Ba?a da Ilha Grande, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada uma revis?o taxon?mica, juntamente com a redescri??o de g?nero e esp?cie. Conforme resultados, conclui-se que todas as popula??es nas diversas bacias hidrogr?ficas costeiras, de Santa Catarina ao Rio de Janeiro, s?o uma ?nica esp?cie, Schizolecis guntheri.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 459709.pdf: 3714065 bytes, checksum: 4fcd0f5d0579f7b7f442276742c97b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Previous phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of five new taxa of Hypoptotopomatini raised doubts concerning the relationships of the tribe. Therefore, in order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and to test the monophyly of Hypoptopoma and Nannoptopoma, and to test the position of Niobichthys and Otocinclus, the present study aims to provide an encompassing hypothesis of relationships among the Hypoptopomatini, comprising most species of Hypoptopoma, five new taxa and the other genera of the tribe. We analyzed a data matrix of 101 morphological characters, 82 of which from the literature and 19 new characters are suggested, with the inclusion of 65 terminals. The analyses were conducted using the heuristic searching algorithm of multiple Random Addition Sequence (RAS) followed by branch swapping with the algorithm Tree Bissection and Reconnection (TBR) . The analysis resulted in 64 maximally parsimonious trees of 443 steps, consistency index of 0.34 and retention index of 0.81. The 64 primary cladograms were then summarized in a strict consensus tree. The result confirms the monophyly of Hypoptopomatinae and Hypoptopomatini. The tribe comprises six known genera: Acestridium, Hypoptopoma, Nannoptopoma, Niobichthys, Otocinclus and Oxyropsis and two new taxa. Additionally, Otocinclus is found to be the most basal member of the tribe; Acestridium and Niobichthys are sister to each other and closely related to a group formed by Nannoptopoma + New Taxa A , and New Taxa B + Oxyropsis + Hypoptopoma. Based on this framework on, changes to the classification and the taxonomy of the Hypoptopomatini are suggested / A partir das diferentes an?lises filogen?ticas previamente propostas e do conhecimento de cinco novos t?xons pertencentes ? Hypoptopomatini, surgiram questionamentos a respeito das rela??es de parentesco dentro da tribo. Assim, a fim de esclarecer as rela??es filogen?ticas e testar o monofiletismo de Hypoptopoma, testar a hip?tese de sinon?mia de Nannoptopoma e Hypoptopoma, e testar as posi??es de Niobichthys e de Otocinclus, o estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma hip?tese de rela??es para Hypoptopomatini, incluindo a maioria das esp?cies de Hypoptopoma, cinco poss?veis novos t?xons e os demais g?neros da tribo. Foi constru?da uma matriz de 101 caracteres morfol?gicos, do quais 82 foram retirados da literatura e 19 novos propostos, analisados em 65 t?xons terminais. Foram realizadas buscas heur?sticas com o programa TNT atrav?s de m?ltiplos Random Addition Sequences seguida de rearranjos dos ramos Tree Bissection and Reconnection. Ao encontrar 64 ?rvores maximamente parcimoniosas com 443 passos, ?ndice de consist?ncia 0.34 e ?ndice de reten??o 0.81, essas ?rvores foram sumarizadas em um cladograma de consenso estrito. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a monofilia de Hypoptopomatinae e de Hypoptopomatini. A tribo ? formada por seis g?neros j? descritos: Acestridium, Hypoptopoma, Nannoptopoma, Niobichthys, Otocinclus e Oxyropsis; e por dois g?neros novos. Adicionalmente, demonstra-se que Otocinclus ? o g?nero mais basal da tribo; Acestridium e Niobichthys s?o grupos-irm?os, mais relacionados com um clado formado por dois grupos monofil?ticos: Nannoptopoma + Novo T?xon A, e Novo T?xon B + Oxyropsis + Hypoptopoma. O conhecimento acerca das rela??es filogen?ticas, da classifica??o e da taxonomia de Hypoptopomatini muda, sendo feitas sugest?es para futuras mudan?as nomenclaturais.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 460186.pdf: 4588179 bytes, checksum: 4532da491a69ae539a460cd8e0108839 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / The genus Rineloricaria Bleeker (1862) currently comprises 65 valid species that are distributed from Panama in Central America to northern Argentina. Three Rineloricaria species are currently recorded from Peru: Rineloricaria lanceolata, with type locality in the district of "Xeberos" in the department of Loreto, R. morrowi and R. wolfei both species with type locality in the r?o Ucayali basin in the district Contamana. Peruvian Rineloricaria species are reviewed based on external morphology, osteological features and color pattern. Six species are recognized. The three species were validated and Rineloricaria morrowi and R. wolfei were redescribed. Rineloricaria lanceolata is differentiated by having irregular dark blotches on on all fins and two parallel bands on dorsum of head, by having a higher number of post-rostral plates and the anterior ventral margin of pectoral girdle straight; its distribution mainly comprises r?o Madre de Dios, r?o Amazonas and r?o Ucayali basins and their tributaries. Rineloricaria morrowi is distinguished by having five longitudinal lateral plate series, a dark line along both sides on ventral area of caudal peduncle, a dark spot at anal-fin unbranched ray base and a dark band at the distal region of the caudal; its distribution is restricted to the r?o Amazonas basin and tributaries. Rineloricaria wolfei, has four longitudinal lateral plate series, triangular head profile and wide dark brown stripe covering the first half of the caudal fin, fifth ceratobranchial pharyngeal tooth plate wider with globular shape (vs. fifth ceratobranchial pharyngeal tooth plate narrow with triangular shape), a set of plates between insertions of pelvic fins anterior to the posterior complex irregularly arranged in more than one row (vs. arranged in one row). Additionally, three new species were described: Rineloricaria sp. "Loreto ", distinguished by a strongly convex snout profile with naked snout tip area reduced to a narrow line and type locality at r?o Morona basin in Loreto State. Rineloricaria sp. "Madre de Dios" is differentiated from all congeners except from R. fallax by having a conspicuous dar brown spot on nuchal plate (vs. nuchal plate without dark brown spot); it differs from R. fallax by having four longitudinal lateral plate series (vs. five longitudinal lateral plate series), having type locality in the quebrada Wiratkentsa in Loreto State. Rineloricaria sp. "Pasco" is distinguished by having the naked area of snout tip as a globular protuberance and a narrow body, with type locality in Puerto Bermudez at Pasco State. Illustrations of species and osteological characters are presented. The diagnostic characters of the genus are discussed, as well as geographical distribution of Rineloricaria species occurring in Peru and its relationship with highly diverse areas in the Neotropics. / O g?nero Rineloricaria Bleeker (1862) atualmente inclui 65 esp?cies v?lidas distribu?das desde o Panam? na Am?rica Central at? o norte da Argentina. O Peru atualmente registra tr?s esp?cies deste g?nero: Rineloricaria lanceolata, com localidade tipo no distrito de Xeberos no departamento de Loreto, R. morrowi e R. wolfei ambas com localidade tipo na bacia do r?o Ucayali no distrito de Contamana. As esp?cies de Rineloricaria que ocorrem no Peru foram revisadas com base em caracter?sticas morfol?gicas externasassim como tamb?m osteol?gicas e o padr?o de colorido, sendo reconhecidas seis esp?cies. As tr?s esp?cies registradas foram validadas e Rineloricaria morrowi e R. wolfei foram redescritas. Rineloricaria lanceolata ? diferenciada por possuir manchas escuras irregulares em todas as nadadeiras e duas faixas paralelas na regi?o dorsal da cabe?a, um maior numero de placas p?s-rostrais e pela margem anterior do cleitro reta; sua distribui??o compreende principalmente as bacias do r?o Madre de Dios, r?o Amazonas e r?o Ucayali e seus tribut?rios. Rineloricaria morrowi se diferencia de seus cong?neres por ter cinco series longitudinais de placas laterais e colora??o ventral lateral do ped?nculo caudal, uma mancha escura na base do raio indiviso da nadadeira anal e uma banda escura na regi?o distal da nadadeira caudal; sua distribui??o est? restrita a bacia do r?o Amazonas e tribut?rios. Rineloricaria wolfei, possui quatro series longitudinais de placas laterais, perfil triangular da cabe?a e uma barra marrom escura que cobre a primeira metade da nadadeira caudal, placas que se contatam com a margem anterior do complexo posterior de placas abdominais, entre a inser??o das nadadeiras p?lvicas, dispostas irregularmente ocupando mais de uma fileira (vs. placas organizadas em uma ?nica fileira entre a inser??o das nadadeiras p?lvicas) e por possuir a placa dent?gera ventral do quinto ceratobranquial expandida e com forma globular (vs. placa dent?gera ventral do quinto ceratobranquial estreita e triangular). Adicionalmente foram descritas tr?s novas esp?cies: Rineloricaria sp. Loreto, diferenciada pelo focinho fortemente convexo com regi?o nua reduzida a uma linha e com localidade tipo na bacia do r?o Morona no departamento de Loreto; Rineloricaria sp. Madre de Dios diferenciada de todos os seus cong?neres exeto de R. fallax por possuir uma mancha marrom escura na placa nucal (vs. aus?ncia de mancha na placa nucal) e com localidade tipo na quebrada Wiratkentsa no r?o Mara??n no departamento de Loreto; e Rineloricaria sp. Pasco diferenciada por possuir a ponta do focinho com regi?o nua em forma de protuber?ncia globular e corpo estreito, com localidade tipo na quebrada Ataz em Puerto Bermudez no departamento de Pasco. Ilustra??es de todas as esp?cies e caracteres osteol?gicos analisados s?o apresentadas. Os caracteres diagn?sticos do g?nero s?o discutidos, como tamb?m a distribui??o das esp?cies de Rineloricaria que ocorrem no Peru e sua rela??o com ?reas de grande diversidade Neotropical.