This dissertation includes a contextual analysis of two female Diné poets who use storytelling and writing and includes a chapter on the pedagogical implications of Native American student storytelling and writing. I first examine poetry written by two Diné women, Luci Tapahonso and Laura Tohe to understand the ways these poets, particularly the poetry, reclaim and revive Diné literacies and rhetorics. My analyses are informed by the historical and cultural contexts that shaped Diné philosophy, particularly, the philosophy that informs and is shaped by the practice of Diné literacies and rhetorics. I draw from mythical, historical, and contemporary Diné, Native American, and other minoritized scholars for lenses of analysis to show how these poets define and reclaim the female Diné voice and identity. Colonial and neocolonial changes in Diné lifeways and traditions and the encounters between Diné and other groups and the imposition of the English language (written literacy) are pertinent to these contextual analyses and pedagogical implications.

Orientador: Eduardo Guimarães / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T21:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Banks-Leite_Luci_D.pdf: 22507080 bytes, checksum: 4c9eda3aa5d7b038630fc7a221f565f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Due to the high extinction along the plane of the Milky Way towards the Galactic Center (GC), it is useful to look at objects that are bright in the near-infrared (near-IR) to obtain data with Earth-based instruments. To identify X-ray Binary (XRB) counterparts towards the GC, we used near-IR spectra from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). After reducing the LUCI/LBT spectra with the superFATBOY (sFB) pipeline, we compared our near-IR spectra to previously matched IR and X-ray sources in the GC (DeWitt, 2011). Particularly, we looked for H and He emission lines, which indicate signs of a hard radiation field present with typically red giant or red supergiant stars in the GC. This illustrates a likely physical association between the X-ray source and its IR counterpart.

Realizou-se estudo da fauna de fitonematóides em dois municípios do estado de São Paulo (Pariquera-Açu e Cananéia) sob domínio da Mata Atlântica e dois do estado do Mato Grosso (Nova Maringá e Guarantã do Norte) sob domínio da Floresta Amazônica, com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade de fitonematóides desses biomas e avaliar o efeito do uso agrícola do solo sobre a comunidade de fitonematóides. Para tanto, foram efetuadas amostragens em áreas de vegetação primária e em áreas próximas cultivadas. Para cada amostra, foram extraídos os nematóides de 200 cm³ de solo e em 10 gramas de raízes pela técnica de peneiramento combinada com flutuação em centrífuga com solução de sacarose. Em seguida, os espécimes foram mortos pelo calor e fixados em formalina. Os nematóides foram posteriormente quantificados, para determinação da abundância de cada táxon, sendo as identificações taxonômicas realizadas com base em características morfológicas e morfométricas. Os dados foram analisados com base na abundância, freqüência e índices de similaridade (Jaccard e Bray e Curtis). Assinalaram-se 34 gêneros e as identificações específicas foram efetuadas para 22 táxons. Para a espécie Aorolaimus banoae foram apresentadas novas características morfológicas e morfométricas. Observou-se que, com a retirada da vegetação primária e a implantação dos cultivos de plantas perenes ou anuais, houve intenso processo de redução da diversidade de fitonematóides e da introdução de novos táxons, o que resultou em baixa similaridade entre os locais de vegetação primária e aqueles cultivados, demostrando-se elevada influência da atividade agrícola sobre a comunidade de fitonematóides. / A study about plant parasitic nematode fauna was conducted in two municipalities from São Paulo State (Pariquera-Açu and Cananéia in the Atlantic Forest) and two from Mato Grosso State (Nova Maringá and Guarantã do Norte in the Amazon Forest), Brazil. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diversity of plant-parasitic nematode fauna in locations of primary and to evaluate the effect of agricultural land use on the plant parasitic nematode communities. Nematodes were extracted from 200 cm³ of soil and 10 grams of roots by a sieving and sugar flotations technique and fixed with formalin. Nematodes were counted for determination of abundances of each taxon and the taxonomic identification was based on morphological and morphometric features. The following variables were obtained: abundance, frequency and similarity indexes (Jaccard and Bray e Curtis). A total number of 34 genera were recorded and 22 taxons were identified at species level. Concerning Aorolaimus banoae species, new morphological and morphometric features were presented. It was observed that, after removal of primary vegetation and implantation of perennial or annual crops, occurred a conspicuous reduction of plant parasitic nematode diversity, associated with introduction of exotic species, resulting in low similarity between location of primary vegetation and the cultivated ones. The results demonstrated that the agricultural practices affect strongly the plant parasitic nematode communities.

L'objectiu immediat de la nostra tesi és analitzar les representacions de la divinitat que es troben en els corpus tràgics atribuïts a Eurípides i a Sèneca, i més específicament en dos parells de tragèdies que comparteixen argument mític: Hèracles i Hipòlit per a l'autor grec, i Hercules furens i Phaedra per al llatí. Entenem per “divinitat” tant els déus que apareixen en les obres de teatre com els diferents discursos sobre la divinitat que també s'hi troben. El nostre objectiu final és contribuir a la constitució d'un marc teòric per a l'anàlisi de la tragèdia, entesa aquesta no com a universal ahistòric, sinó com un contínuum arrelat en la praxi escènica i textual, i que manté una relativa unitat gràcies a la tradició. Encara que el material de què disposem sigui molt escàs, és possible de mostrar que les diferents maneres de tractar la representació dels déus reflecteixen la diferent relació que el gènere tràgic, en dos contextos també molt diferents, pot tenir amb les concepcions extrateatrals de la divinitat. La tragèdia àtica es pot entendre com un context de performance obert a discursos variats sobre els déus. Això és així, no com a conseqüència de la lliure circulació d'idees en el sentit modern de l'expressió, sinó d'una complexa interacció entre diferents nivells de discurs que són presents en el món grec clàssic i que no s'oposen a la religió per se. Trobem en la tragèdia àtica dues tendències que considerem decisives, i que Eurípides sembla dur fins a l'extrem. En primer lloc, la crítica de la representació homèrico-hesiòdica de la divinitat. En segon lloc, un sistema mimètic no naturalista que afavoreix la formulació de discursos sobre l'acció dramàtica des de l'escena mateixa. Ambdues tendències es combinen en certes obres que, indubtablement, critiquen les representacions dels déus que apareixen en l'acció escènica, però no la “religió atenesa” com a tal. Enfront de la tragèdia euripidea, l'estructura i els continguts de les obres dramàtiques de Sèneca fan palès el procés de textualització que ha experimentat la poesia, i el paper subsidiari d'aquesta última davant d'un “centre del discurs” que ja no es troba en la poesia mateixa. Les representacions dels déus que hi trobem no semblen estar lligades a un context específic de performance, sinó a una tradició d'interpretació de la poesia associada a la Filosofia. Els déus que hi apareixen com a personatges, i els discursos sobre els déus, es poden entendre com a mitjans per a la construcció d'obres que no són estrictament filosòfiques, però que només es poden entendre plenament a partir de la Filosofia. Així, podem dir que la representació dels déus en les tragèdies d'Eurípides i Sèneca està clarament lligada als respectius contextos intel•lectuals. / The immediate goal of our dissertation is to analyze the representations of godhead in the tragic corpus attributed to Euripides and Seneca, and more specifically in two pairs of tragedies, one for each author, that deal with the same mythoi: Heracles and Hippolytus by the Greek author, and Hercules furens and Phaedra by the Latin one. As “godhead” we understand both the godly characters that appear in the plays and the different kinds of discourse about the gods which we find in them. Our final goal is to contribute to a theoretical framework for the analysis of tragedy, not as an ahistorical genre, but as a continuum rooted in both scenic and textual praxis that maintains its relative unity through tradition. Despite the scarcity of the material, it is possible to show that the different ways of dealing with the godhead may be understood as reflecting the different ways in which tragic genre, in two clearly differentiated contexts, deals with extratheatrical understanding of divinity. Attic tragedy might be understood as a context for performance which is open to various discourses about the gods. Its relative openness is allowed, not by a supposed free circulation of ideas in the modern sense of this expression, but by a complex interaction of different levels of discourse which are present in Classical Greek society and which are not seen as antagonistic against religion per se. There are two traits in Attic tragedy which we consider decisive, and which Euripides seems to take to the extreme: first, the criticism of the representation of gods in the Homeric-Hesiodic tradition; second, a non naturalistic mimetic system which favours the formulation of discourses on dramatic action from inside the stage. Both combine to create some plays that undoubtedly criticize the representations of gods that appear in them, but not “Athenian religion” as such. In contrast with Euripidean tragedy, the structure and contents of Senecan plays evidence a process of textualization of poetry, and of its subsidiary role with regards to a “centre of discourse” which would explicitly find itself outside the realm of poetry. Its representations of gods do not seem to be directly linked to a specific representational context, but to an interpretative tradition associated to philosophy. Gods as characters, and discourses about gods, are to be understood as a means to the construction of plays which are not strictly philosophic, but which can be properly understood only through Philosophy. In this sense it is possible to say that the representation of gods in Euripidean and Senecan tragedy is strongly linked to their respective intellectual framework.

Realizou-se estudo da fauna de fitonematóides em dois municípios do estado de São Paulo (Pariquera-Açu e Cananéia) sob domínio da Mata Atlântica e dois do estado do Mato Grosso (Nova Maringá e Guarantã do Norte) sob domínio da Floresta Amazônica, com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade de fitonematóides desses biomas e avaliar o efeito do uso agrícola do solo sobre a comunidade de fitonematóides. Para tanto, foram efetuadas amostragens em áreas de vegetação primária e em áreas próximas cultivadas. Para cada amostra, foram extraídos os nematóides de 200 cm³ de solo e em 10 gramas de raízes pela técnica de peneiramento combinada com flutuação em centrífuga com solução de sacarose. Em seguida, os espécimes foram mortos pelo calor e fixados em formalina. Os nematóides foram posteriormente quantificados, para determinação da abundância de cada táxon, sendo as identificações taxonômicas realizadas com base em características morfológicas e morfométricas. Os dados foram analisados com base na abundância, freqüência e índices de similaridade (Jaccard e Bray e Curtis). Assinalaram-se 34 gêneros e as identificações específicas foram efetuadas para 22 táxons. Para a espécie Aorolaimus banoae foram apresentadas novas características morfológicas e morfométricas. Observou-se que, com a retirada da vegetação primária e a implantação dos cultivos de plantas perenes ou anuais, houve intenso processo de redução da diversidade de fitonematóides e da introdução de novos táxons, o que resultou em baixa similaridade entre os locais de vegetação primária e aqueles cultivados, demostrando-se elevada influência da atividade agrícola sobre a comunidade de fitonematóides. / A study about plant parasitic nematode fauna was conducted in two municipalities from São Paulo State (Pariquera-Açu and Cananéia in the Atlantic Forest) and two from Mato Grosso State (Nova Maringá and Guarantã do Norte in the Amazon Forest), Brazil. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diversity of plant-parasitic nematode fauna in locations of primary and to evaluate the effect of agricultural land use on the plant parasitic nematode communities. Nematodes were extracted from 200 cm³ of soil and 10 grams of roots by a sieving and sugar flotations technique and fixed with formalin. Nematodes were counted for determination of abundances of each taxon and the taxonomic identification was based on morphological and morphometric features. The following variables were obtained: abundance, frequency and similarity indexes (Jaccard and Bray e Curtis). A total number of 34 genera were recorded and 22 taxons were identified at species level. Concerning Aorolaimus banoae species, new morphological and morphometric features were presented. It was observed that, after removal of primary vegetation and implantation of perennial or annual crops, occurred a conspicuous reduction of plant parasitic nematode diversity, associated with introduction of exotic species, resulting in low similarity between location of primary vegetation and the cultivated ones. The results demonstrated that the agricultural practices affect strongly the plant parasitic nematode communities.