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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Spectroscopie Raman de complexes de fer(II) et fer(III) à transition de spin

Rollet, Frédéric-Guillaume 06 1900 (has links)
Les transitions de spin provoquent des changements de propriétés physiques des complexes de métaux du bloc d les subissant, notamment de leur structure et propriétés spectroscopiques. Ce mémoire porte sur la spectroscopie Raman de composés du fer(II) et du fer(III), pour lesquels on induit une transition de spin par variation de la température ou de la pression. Trois complexes de fer(II) de type FeN4(NCS)2 avec des comportements de transition de spin différents ont été étudiés : Fe(Phen)2(NCS)2 (Phen : 1,10-Phénanthroline), Fe(Btz)2(NCS)2 (Btz : 2,2’-bi-4,5-dihydrothiazine) et Fe(pyridine)4(NCS)2. Un décalage de l’ordre de 50 cm-1 est observable pour la fréquence d’étirement C-N du ligand thiocyanate des complexes FeN4(NCS)2, lors de la transition de spin induite par variation de la température ou de la pression. Il est possible d’utiliser cette variation de fréquence afin de tracer un profil de transition. Quatre complexes isomères de type FeL222(CN)2 (L222 : 2,13- diméthyl-6,9-dioxa-3,12,18-triazabicyclo[12.3.1]-octadéca-1(18),2,12,14,16-pentaène) ont également été étudiés. Un taux de décalage de l’ordre d’environ 0,03 cm-1/K est observé pour plusieurs bandes du complexe FeL222(CN)2. La bande à 1415 cm-1 disparaît à plus haute température au profit d’une bande à 1400 cm-1. Pour le complexe de chiralité R,R’, les bandes à 1008 cm-1 et 1140 cm-1 se déplacent vers des fréquences plus élevées à partir de 223 K. Les transitions de spin sont observées dans certains complexes de fer(III). Dans cette famille de composés, le complexe Fe(EtDTC)3 (EtDTC : N,N-diéthyldithiocarbamate) a été étudié . Aucun changement n’a été observé dans l’intensité des bandes d’étirement fer-soufre sur les spectres à température variable. Cependant, la bande Fe-S associée à la forme bas-spin à 530 cm-1 augmente en intensité au profit de la bande associée à la forme haut-spin à 350 cm-1 lors des mesures à haute pression, passant d’un rapport d’amplitude de 50% à pression ambiante à 80% à 21 kbar. Un dédoublement de la bande d’étirement C-N du ligand dithiocarbamate à 1495 cm-1 est également observé à des pressions supérieures à 5 kbar. Une comparaison des changements des fréquences de vibration de tous les complexes est effectuée. / AbstractSpin crossover processes lead to significant changes of molecular structures and spectroscopic properties measured for complexes of d-block transition metals. This thesis focuses on vibrational Raman spectroscopy of iron(II) and iron(III) compounds with spin transitions induced through temperature and pressure variations. Three iron(II) complexes of type FeN4(NCS)2 with different spin transition patterns have been studied: Fe(Phen)2(NCS)2 (Phen : 1,10-Phenanthroline), Fe(Btz)2(NCS)2 (Btz : 2,2’-bi-4,5- dihydrothiazine) and Fe(pyridine)4(NCS)2. A 50 cm-1 shift has been found for the C-N stretching frequency of the thiocyanate ligand in these compounds as a consequence of the spin transition induced by temperature or pressure. These frequency variations have been used to trace different transition profiles. Four different isomers of FeL222(CN)2 (L222 : [2,13-dimethyl-6,9-dioxa-3,12,18-triazabicyclo[12.3.1]-octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16- pentaene]) type complexes have also been studied. A variation with temperature of approximately 0,03 cm-1/K has been observed for a few bands for the FeL222(CN)2 complex. A band at 1415 cm-1 decreases in intensity in favour of a band at 1400 cm-1 as temperature rises. The bands at 1008 cm-1 and 1140 cm-1 for the complex of R,R’ configuration shift to higher frequencies around 223 K. Spin transitions have also been investigated in some iron(III) complexes. In this family of compounds, the Fe(EtDTC)3 (EtDTC : N,N-diéthyldithiocarbamate) complex has been studied. No change has been observed in the intensity of the iron-sulphur stretching bands in spectra measured at variable temperature. However, at high pressure the low-spin Fe-S band at 530 cm-1 gains intensity compared to the high spin band at 350 cm-1. A splitting of the C-N stretching band of the dithiocarbamate ligand at 1495 cm-1 is observed at pressures above 5 kbar. A comparison of all changes in vibrational spectra is presented.
22

POCN-type Pincer Complexes of NiII and NiIII : synthesis, reactivities, catalytic activities and physical properties

Spasyuk, Denis M. 08 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse décrit la synthèse, la caractérisation, les réactivités, et les propriétés physiques de complexes divalents et trivalents de Ni formés à partir de nouveaux ligands «pincer» de type POCN. Les ligands POCN de type amine sont préparés d’une façon simple et efficace via l’amination réductrice de 3-hydroxybenzaldéhyde avec NaBH4 et plusieurs amines, suivie par la phosphination de l’amino alcool résultant pour installer la fonction phosphinite (OPR2); le ligand POCN de type imine 1,3-(i-Pr)2PC6H4C(H)=N(CH2Ph) est préparé de façon similaire en faisant usage de PhCH2NH2 en l’absence de NaBH4. La réaction de ces ligands «pincer» de type POCN avec NiBr2(CH3CN)x en présence d’une base résulte en un bon rendement de la cyclométalation du lien C-H situé en ortho aux fonctions amine et phosphinite. Il fut découvert que la base est essentielle pour la propreté et le haut rendement de la formation des complexes «pincer» désirés. Nous avons préparé des complexes «pincer» plan- carrés de type POCN, (POCNRR΄)NiBr, possédant des fonctions amines secondaires et tertiaires qui démontrent des réactivités différentes selon les substituants R et R΄. Par exemple, les complexes possédant des fonctions amines tertiaires ArCH2NR2 (NR2= NMe2, NEt2, and morpholinyl) démontrent des propriétés rédox intéressantes et pourraient être convertis en leurs analogues trivalents (POCNR2)NiBr2 lorsque réagis avec Br2 ou N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Les complexes trivalents paramagnétiques à 17 électrons adoptent une géométrie de type plan-carré déformée, les atomes de Br occupant les positions axiale et équatoriale. Les analyses «DSC» et «TGA» des ces composés ont démontré qu’ils sont thermiquement stables jusqu’à ~170 °C; tandis que la spectroscopie d’absorption en solution a démontré qu’ils se décomposent thermiquement à beaucoup plus basse température pour regénérer les complexes divalents ne possédant qu’un seul Br; l’encombrement stérique des substitutants amines accélère cette route de décomposition de façon significative. Les analogues NMe2 et N(morpholinyl) de ces espèces de NiIII sont actifs pour catalyser la réaction d’addition de Kharasch, de CX4 à des oléfines telles que le styrène, tandis qu’il fut découvert que l’analogue le moins thermiquement stable (POCNEt2)Ni est complètement inerte pour catalyser cette réaction. Les complexes (POCNRH)NiBr possédant des fonctions amines secondaires permettent l’accès à des fonctions amines substituées de façon non symétrique via leur réaction avec des halogénures d’alkyle. Un autre avantage important de ces complexes réside dans la possibilité de déprotonation pour préparer des complexes POCN de type amide. De telles tentatives pour déprotoner les fonctions NRH nous ont permis de préparer des espèces dimériques possédant des ligands amides pontants. La nature dimérique des ces complexes [P,C,N,N-(2,6-(i-Pr)2PC6H3CH2NR)Ni]2 (R= PhCH2 et Ph) fut établie par des études de diffraction des rayons-X qui ont démontré différentes géométries pour les cœurs Ni2N2 selon le substituant N : l’analogue (PhCH2)N possède une orientation syn des substitutants benzyles et un arrangement ressemblant à celui du cyclobutane du Ni et des atomes d’azote, tandis que l’analogue PhN adopte un arrangement de type diamant quasi-planaire des atomes du Ni et des atomes d’azote et une orientation anti des substituants phényles. Les espèces dimériques ne se dissocient pas en présence d’alcools, mais elles promouvoient l’alcoolyse catalytique de l’acrylonitrile. De façon intéressante, les rendements de ces réactions sont plus élevés avec les alcools possédant des fonctions O-H plus acides, avec un nombre de «turnover» catalytique pouvant atteindre 2000 dans le cas de m-cresol. Nous croyons que ces réactions d’alcoolyse procèdent par activation hétérolytique de l’alcool par l’espèce dimérique via des liaisons hydrogènes avec une ou deux des fonctions amides du dimère. Les espèces dimériques de Ni (II) s’oxydent facilement électrochimiquement et par reaction avec NBS ou Br2. De façon surprenante, l’oxydation chimique mène à l’isolation de nouveaux produits monomériques dans lesquels le centre métallique et le ligand sont oxydés. Le mécanisme d’oxydation fut aussi investigué par RMN, «UV-vis-NIR», «DFT» et spectroélectrochimie. / This thesis describes the synthesis, characterization, reactivities, and physical properties of divalent and trivalent complexes of Nickel based on new POCN-type pincer ligands. The amino-type POCN ligands were prepared in a simple and efficient manner via reductive amination of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with NaBH4 and various amines, followed by phosphination of the resulting amino alcohol to install the phosphinite (OPR2) functionality. The imino-type POCN ligand 1,3-(i-Pr)2PC6H4C(H)=N(CH2Ph) was prepared similarly using PhCH2NH2 in the absence of NaBH4. Reaction of these POCN-type pincer ligands with NiBr2(CH3CN)x in the presence of a base results in the high yield cyclometalation of the C-H bond which is ortho to the amine and phosphinite functionalities. The base was found to be essential for a clean and high yield formation of the desired pincer complexes. We have thus prepared square planar POCN-type pincer complexes (POCNRR΄)NiBr featuring tertiary or secondary amine moieties that exhibit different reactivities as a function of amine substituents R and R΄. For instance, complexes bearing the tertiary amine moieties ArCH2NR2 (NR2= NMe2, NEt2, and morpholinyl) displayed interesting redox properties and could be converted into their trivalent analogues (POCNR2)NiBr2 when reacted with Br2 or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). These 17-electron, paramagnetic trivalent complexes adopt a distorted square pyramidal geometry with Br atoms at axial and equatorial positions. DSC and TGA analyses of these compounds revealed them to be thermally stable up to ~170 °C; whereas absorption spectroscopy in solution showed that they undergo thermal decomposition at much lower temperatures to regenerate the monobromo divalent complexes; increased steric bulk of the amine substituents accelerate this decomposition pathway significantly. The NMe2 and N(morpholinyl) analogues of these NiIII species are active catalysts for the Kharasch addition of CX4 to olefins such as styrene, whereas the least thermally stable analogue (POCNEt2)Ni was found to be completely inert for this reaction. The complexes (POCNRH)NiBr featuring secondary amine moieties allow access to unsymmetrically substituted amine moieties via reaction with alkyl halides. Another important advantage of these complexes lies in the possibility of deprotonation to prepare amide-type POCN complexes. Such attempts at deprotonating the NRH moieties have allowed us to prepare dimeric species featuring bridging amido ligands. The dimeric nature of these complexes [P,C,N,N-(2,6-(i-Pr)2PC6H3CH2NR)Ni]2 (R= PhCH2 and Ph) was established through X-ray diffraction studies that showed different geometries for the Ni2N2 cores as a function of N-substituent: the (PhCH2)N analogue featured a syn orientation of the benzyl substituents and a cyclobutane-like arrangement of Ni and of the nitrogen atoms, whereas the PhN analogue adopted a nearly planar diamond-like arrangement of the Ni and of the nitrogen atoms and an anti orientation of the phenyl substituents. These dimeric species do not dissociate in the presence of alcohols, but they promote the catalytic alcoholysis of acrylonitrile. Interestingly, yields of these reactions are higher with alcohols possessing more acidic O-H moieties, with a catalytic turnover number reaching up to 2000 in the case of m-cresol. These alcoholysis reactions are believed to proceed through heterolytic activation of the alcohol by dimeric species via hydrogen bonding with one or two amido moieties in the dimer. The dimeric Ni (II) species were found to undergo facile oxidation both electrochemically and in reaction with NBS or Br2. Surprisingly, chemical oxidation led to isolation of new monomeric products in which both the metallic center and the ligand were oxidized. giving a trivalent species featuring an imine-type POCN ligand. Oxidation mechanism was investigated in detail by NMR, UV-vis-NIR, DFT and spectroelectrochemistry.
23

Σύμπλοκες ενώσεις του κοβαλτίου(ΙΙΙ) με τριδοντικές βάσεις Schiff που προκύπτουν από τη σαλικυλική αλδεΰδη και υποκατεστημένες 2-αμινοφαινόλες / Cobalt(III) complexes of tridentate Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehde and substituted 2-aminophenols

Ζαγοραίου, Ειρήνη 11 July 2013 (has links)
Σε αυτή την εργασία περιγράφονται οι αντιδράσεις αλάτων του κοβαλτίου(ΙΙ) [Co(O2CMe)2•4H2O, Co(ClO4)2•6H2O και Co(O2CPh)2] με την Ν-σαλικυλιδενο-4- μεθυλο-ο-αμινοφαινόλη (saphΗ2-4Me), την Ν-σαλικυλιδενο-4-χλωρο-ο-αμινοφαινόλη (saphΗ2-4Cl) και την Ν-σαλικυλιδενο-ο-αμινοφαινόλη (saphΗ2). Από τo σύστημα αντίδρασης Co(O2CMe)2•4H2O/saphΗ2-4Me/ΝaΟΗ σε διαλύτη MeOH απομονώθηκε ένα οκταεδρικό σύμπλοκο με τύπο (Η5Ο2)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Me)2]•H2O (1). Χρησιμοποιώντας την Εt3N ως βάση, από ένα ανάλογο σύστημα αντίδρασης, απομονώθηκε ένα οκταεδρικό σύμπλοκο με τύπο (Εt3NH)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Me)2]•ΜeCΟ2Η•MeOH (2). Από το σύστημα αντίδρασηςfCo(O2CMe)2•4H2O/ saphΗ2-4Cl/Εt3N σε διαλύτη MeOH απομονώθηκε το ισοδομικό του συμπλόκου 2, δηλαδή το σύμπλοκο (Εt3NH)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Cl)2]•ΜeCΟ2Η•MeOH (3). Οι τρεις σύμπλοκες ενώσεις χαρακτηρίστηκαν με IR φασματοσκοπία, ενώ για τα σύμπλοκα 1 και 2 πραγματοποιήθηκαν και μετρήσεις 1Η ΝΜR φασματοσκοπίας. Οι κρυσταλλικές δομές των συμπλόκων 1, 2 και 3 επιλύθηκαν με κρυσταλλογραφία ακτίνων Χ μονοκρυστάλλου. Βάσει των πειραματικών δεδομένων και τα τρία σύμπλοκα είναι ανιοντικά μονοπυρηνικά με το ιόν του κοβαλτίου(ΙΙΙ) να περιβάλλεται από δύο τριδοντικούς, πλήρως αποπρωτονιωμένους, υποκαταστάτες, οι οποίοι ενώνονται με αυτό μέσω των δύο αποπρωτονιομένων φαινολικών οξυγόνων και με το άτομο του ιμινικού αζώτου. Τα κατιόντα είναι το Η5Ο2+ για το σύμπλοκο 1 και το Εt3NH+ για τα 2 και 3. / In this work the reactions of cobalt(II) salts [Co(O2CMe)2•4H2O, Co(ClO4)2•6H2O and Co(O2CPh)2] with N-salicylidene-4-methyl-o-aminophenol (saphH2-4Me), N-salicylidene-4-chloro-o-aminophenol (saphH2-4Cl) and N-salicylidene-o-aminophenol (saphH2) Schiff bases are described. From the Co(O2CMe)2•4H2O/ saphH2-4Me/NaOH reaction system in MeOH we have isolated a six-coordinated complex with the formula (H5O2)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Me)2]•H2O (1). From a similar reaction system with Et3N as a base, we isolated a six-coordinated complex with the formula (Et3NH)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Me)2]•MeCO2H•MeOH (2). The Co(O2CMe)2•4H2O/saphH2-4Cl/Et3N reaction system in MeOH has led to the complex (Et3NH)[CoΙΙΙ(saph-4Cl)2]•MeCO2H•MeOH (3), which is isostructural to 2. The three complexes have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, while the complexes 1 and 2 have been also studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 1, 2 and 3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Based on experimental results, all the three complexes are anionic mononuclear with the CoIII ion being surrounded by two tridentate dianionic Schiff-base ligands, which chelate the metal ion through the deprotonated phenolic oxygen atoms and the nitrogen atom of the azomethine group. The cation for the complex 1 is H5O2+, while for the complexes 2 and 3 the cation is Et3NH+.
24

Insights into the Chemistry of Iron Complexes as Imaging and Photocytotoxic Agents

Basu, Uttara January 2015 (has links)
The current thesis addresses the various facets of the chemistry of photocytotoxic iron complexes including their syntheses, characterization, evaluation of the anti-proliferative activities in various cancer cell lines upon photo-exposure, mechanism of cell death, the cellular uptake, localization inside cells, the interaction with double stranded DNA and their ability to induce DNA photocleavage. Chapter I presents a general introduction to cancer and the anticancer agents. It covers various procedures available for cancer treatment and different aspects of chemotherapy are discussed in details. The mechanism of action of several chemotherapeutic agents, the DNA cleavage pathways and the anticancer activity of bleomycins are delineated. Photo-chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy which has emerged as an alternative treatment modality is described. It also contains a brief description of ideal photosensitizers and the ones that are currently approved. The potential of transition metal complexes as photo-chemotherapeutic agents is discussed based on the recent literature reports on the prospective photocytotoxic metal complexes, the photo-release of cytotoxic molecules from metal complexes, the DNA cleavage activities and their cytotoxicities. The biochemistry of iron and its medical utility which prompted the development of iron based cytotoxins has been presented. The objective of the present investigation is also defined in this chapter. Chapter II describes the syntheses, characterization, evaluation of visible light induced cytotoxicity and interaction with DNA of a series of iron(II) bis-terpyridine complexes. Some interesting redox behaviour observed for two of the complexes has been described in details and rationalized from theoretical calculations. The DNA binding affinities of the complexes and their ability to induce DNA photocleavage in green light are discussed. The importance of this work lies in the remarkable photocytotoxic behaviour of the iron(II) complexes with visible light which was not reported earlier. Chapter III addresses the syntheses of a series of iron(III) catecholate complexes which upon irradiation with red light can initiate photoreactions to generate cytotoxic species and induce death in HeLa, HaCaT, MCF-7 and A549 cells. The mechanisms of cell death, effect of the complexes on the cell cycle under various conditions, the uptake inside cells and the cellular localization of the complexes are studied. The DNA binding affinities of the five complexes and their ability to induce DNA photocleavage in red light are also presented here. These are the first iron based complexes to show red light induced photocytotoxicity. Chapter IV addresses the drawbacks associated with the aforementioned iron(III) catecholates and their modification with a mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphonium unit. The synthesis, characterization, photocytotoxicities in HeLa, HaCaT, MCF-7 and A549, cell death mechanisms and cellular uptake and localization of four iron(III) complexes are discussed. Chapter V describes the syntheses, characterization and the biological activities of carbohydrate appended iron(III) complexes and their non-glucose analogues. The selective and faster internalization of the glyco-conjugated complexes in HeLa cells has been studied using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The red light induced cytotoxicities of the complexes, their effect on the progression of the cell cycle with and without irradiation and the mechanisms of cell death are explored. DNA binding abilities and photocleavage of DNA are also discussed. Chapter VI presents the syntheses, characterization of a series of iron(III) complexes of a pyridoxal derivative and their salicyldehyde analogues for exploring their differential photocytotoxicity and cellular uptake in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The visible light induced cytotoxicities of the complexes in HeLa, HaCaT, MCF-7 A549 cells and HPL1D cells, their effect on the progression of the cell cycle in dark and light, the mechanisms of cell death and the localization of the complexes inside the cells are explored. The references have been compiled at the end of each chapter and given as superscripts in the text. The complexes presented in this thesis are indicated by bold-faced numbers. Crystallography data of the complexes that are structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography are given in CIF format in the enclosed CD (Appendix-I). Due acknowledgements have been made wherever the work described is based on the findings of other investigators. Any unintentional omission that might have happened due to oversight is regretted. INDEX WORDS: Iron complexes • Crystal structure • Red light induced cytotoxicity • Cellular imaging • DNA binding • DNA photocleavage.
25

POCN-type Pincer Complexes of NiII and NiIII : synthesis, reactivities, catalytic activities and physical properties

Spasyuk, Denis M. 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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