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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2000. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-253). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

The archaeology of the Northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico has recently received an increased amount scholarly attention. In particular, understanding past trends in demographics, agricultural productivity, violence, and social networks have been primary goals of archaeological research. Understanding patterns in animal exploitation has, however, received far less attention due to a small yet growing regional zooarchaeological database. Through the identification of animal remains from a site called Ponsipa (occupied ca. A.D. 1300 to 1600), this thesis adds one large dataset to this growing database. In addition, this thesis expands on the pre-impoundment distribution of an endangered native freshwater fish species in the state of New Mexico called the blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus). The blue sucker is a unique fish that is currently experiencing range reduction across all of its known North American distribution due to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation. Skeletal remains that were identified from Ponsipa represent the farthest known northern record of its occurrence in the state of New Mexico and highlight the extent of range restriction of the species in the area. The data concerning the historical biogeography of the blue sucker from Ponsipa have implications for the effective conservation and restoration of blue sucker located in the Rio Grande Basin.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University--San Marcos, 2009. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 133-163. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 16-20, 52-53, 87-91, 116-119, 130-132). References in more than one sequence of leaves. Also available on microfilm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_ca_me_sjrp.pdf: 1374566 bytes, checksum: 668f08f5e93758d8c822355201627410 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho foi determinado o estoque de metais e avaliada a dinâmica destes em águas superficiais dos rios Preto, Turvo e Grande e seus afluentes (corpos aquáticos pertencentes à Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande). Numa primeira etapa, os elementos alumínio, antimônio, arsênio, bário, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, níquel e zinco foram quantificados mensalmente em 13 locais de amostragens empregando Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Atomização por Forno de Grafite. Nessas mesmas amostras foram monitorados em campo, com o auxílio de equipamentos multiparâmetros, os parâmetros temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos, bem como no laboratório o carbono orgânico total (COT) empregando um Analisador de Carbono Orgânico Total. Os resultados foram interpretados com o auxílio de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA). Numa segunda etapa, substâncias húmicas aquáticas (SHA) foram extraídas das águas do rio Preto empregando método recomendado pela Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas. Em seguida, estudos da capacidade de complexação das SHA do Rio Preto com os metais alumínio, cromo (III), cromo (VI) e níquel foram realizados no laboratório e em campo empregando Espectrofluorimetria Molecular. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode se verificar que os corpos aquáticos Córrego Piedade e rio Preto próximo a ETE (COT variando de 2,9-225,8 mg L-1) encontraram-se impactados principalmente, devido ao lançamento de efluentes domésticos. Os dados de PCA discriminaram 4 grupos permitindo avaliar a influência da sazonalidade no aporte dos contaminantes monitorados. As constantes de estabilidade condicional dos complexos SHA-Cromo (VI), SHA-Cromo (III) e SHANíquel foram de 2,6 10-2, 2,0 10-2 e 1,1 10-5, respectivamente. Estes resultados, associados à caracterização das SHA permite concluir... / Quantify and metals environmental dynamics in waters from Preto, Turvo and Grande rivers and its main tributaries (water bodies belonging at Turvo/Grande Watershed) were evaluated in this work. As a first step, freshwater were sampling monthly at 13 sampling places during 12 months and the elements aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc were quantified using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In field, the characterization of these water samples were carried through measures of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids. Total organic carbon (TOC) was quantified using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to data treatment. In a second step, aquatic humic substances (AHS) were extracted from Preto River according International Humic Substances Society method. Complexation capacity studies of AHS with aluminum, chromium (III), chromium (VI) and nickel were performed in the laboratory and field using Fluorescence Molecular Spectroscopy. Results showed that Piedade and Preto rivers near ETE are the aquatic bodies more affected by domestic discharges presenting TOC ranged from 2.9 to 225.8 mg L-1. PCA discriminated four groups to evaluate seasonality influence on discriminated diffuse and point sources of monitored contaminants. Conditional stability constants of metal complexes with AHS were 2.6 10-2, 2.0 10-2 and 1.1 10-5 for chromium (VI), chromium (III) and nickel, respectively. Our results indicated that SHA-metal interactions are weak compared to other studies reported in the literature, whose may be associated to humification degree low. Atypical behavior was observed to complexation capacity study of the AHS-Aluminum. An increase of the fluorescence signal was noted with metal addition. Finally, solar radiation decrease the complexation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Márcia Cristina Bisinoti / Banca: André Henrique Rosa / Banca: Edenir Rodrigues Pereira Filho / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi determinado o estoque de metais e avaliada a dinâmica destes em águas superficiais dos rios Preto, Turvo e Grande e seus afluentes (corpos aquáticos pertencentes à Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande). Numa primeira etapa, os elementos alumínio, antimônio, arsênio, bário, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, níquel e zinco foram quantificados mensalmente em 13 locais de amostragens empregando Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Atomização por Forno de Grafite. Nessas mesmas amostras foram monitorados em campo, com o auxílio de equipamentos multiparâmetros, os parâmetros temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, pH e sólidos totais dissolvidos, bem como no laboratório o carbono orgânico total (COT) empregando um Analisador de Carbono Orgânico Total. Os resultados foram interpretados com o auxílio de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA). Numa segunda etapa, substâncias húmicas aquáticas (SHA) foram extraídas das águas do rio Preto empregando método recomendado pela Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas. Em seguida, estudos da capacidade de complexação das SHA do Rio Preto com os metais alumínio, cromo (III), cromo (VI) e níquel foram realizados no laboratório e em campo empregando Espectrofluorimetria Molecular. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode se verificar que os corpos aquáticos Córrego Piedade e rio Preto próximo a ETE (COT variando de 2,9-225,8 mg L-1) encontraram-se impactados principalmente, devido ao lançamento de efluentes domésticos. Os dados de PCA discriminaram 4 grupos permitindo avaliar a influência da sazonalidade no aporte dos contaminantes monitorados. As constantes de estabilidade condicional dos complexos SHA-Cromo (VI), SHA-Cromo (III) e SHANíquel foram de 2,6 10-2, 2,0 10-2 e 1,1 10-5, respectivamente. Estes resultados, associados à caracterização das SHA permite concluir... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Quantify and metals environmental dynamics in waters from Preto, Turvo and Grande rivers and its main tributaries (water bodies belonging at Turvo/Grande Watershed) were evaluated in this work. As a first step, freshwater were sampling monthly at 13 sampling places during 12 months and the elements aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, nickel and zinc were quantified using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In field, the characterization of these water samples were carried through measures of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids. Total organic carbon (TOC) was quantified using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to data treatment. In a second step, aquatic humic substances (AHS) were extracted from Preto River according International Humic Substances Society method. Complexation capacity studies of AHS with aluminum, chromium (III), chromium (VI) and nickel were performed in the laboratory and field using Fluorescence Molecular Spectroscopy. Results showed that Piedade and Preto rivers near ETE are the aquatic bodies more affected by domestic discharges presenting TOC ranged from 2.9 to 225.8 mg L-1. PCA discriminated four groups to evaluate seasonality influence on discriminated diffuse and point sources of monitored contaminants. Conditional stability constants of metal complexes with AHS were 2.6 10-2, 2.0 10-2 and 1.1 10-5 for chromium (VI), chromium (III) and nickel, respectively. Our results indicated that SHA-metal interactions are weak compared to other studies reported in the literature, whose may be associated to humification degree low. Atypical behavior was observed to complexation capacity study of the AHS-Aluminum. An increase of the fluorescence signal was noted with metal addition. Finally, solar radiation decrease the complexation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

L’estimation de l’équivalent en eau de la neige (ÉEN) en temps quasi-réel est un enjeu important pour Hydro-Québec. Le réseau de mesure au sol étant non homogène et de faible densité, ne permet pas un suivi adéquat de l’ÉEN. L’imagerie satellitaire pourrait être une alternative à ce problème. Le modèle HUT (Helsinki University of Technology) permet l’estimation de l’ÉEN à partir des données micro-ondes passives. Le premier objectif de ce projet était de comparer deux produits qui estiment l’ÉEN à partir du modèle HUT, mais avec deux procédures d’inversion différentes. Il s’agit du produit Grille Neige du Québec (GNQ) et le produit GlobSnow. Deuxièmement, l’étude a évalué le produit GNQ en fonction de la végétation, du climat et de la topographie. L’étude s’est portée sur la région des bassins versants de la Grande et du Manicouagan situés au nord du Québec, sur une période allant du 1er janvier au 31 mars des années 2006 à 2010. Les données in-situ utilisées sont les lignes de neige d’Hydro-Québec et les mesures d’ÉEN de l’Année Polaire Internationale (février 2008), qui concernaient les sites de Sept-Iles et Schefferville. Il s’agissait de calculer l’erreur quadratique moyenne, le biais et le R2 pour chaque produit par rapport aux données in-situ, puis d’analyser ces paramètres en fonction des valeurs de fraction forestière, de volume des tiges, des moyennes de température et des précipitations, ainsi que de l’ÉEN moyen mesuré et de la pente du terrain. L’analyse a été faite d’abord à l’échelle du bassin, puis à l’échelle de cinq bandes latitudinales de 1° de latitude du nord vers le sud. Pour toute la zone, cette étude a démontré la supériorité de GNQ (RMSE=31%) par rapport à GlobSnow (RMSE=43%) pour un ÉEN moyen de 215 mm. Cependant cette supériorité décroit du nord vers le sud, où les produits deviennent similaires avec une RMSE = 45% et un biais de -90 mm pour un ÉEN moyen de 253 mm. Ceci pourrait être expliqué par l’effet de la densité de végétation caractéristique de la forêt boréale (fraction forestière > 45%), qui agit comme un masque au signal, et par l’effet d’un ÉEN > 250mm qui le sature. Pour le GNQ, l’effet combiné de la température et des précipitations joue un impact sur l’estimation de l’ÉEN, alors que le relief, plat en général, n’a pas montré un impact significatif. Pour conclure, le produit GNQ montre de meilleurs résultats que le produit GlobSnow, mais cette efficacité est limitée pour les régions ayant une végétation dense et un ÉEN très élevé. / Abstract : The monitoring of snow water equivalent (SWE) in near real time is an important challenge for Hydro-Quebec. Measurement networks do not allow adequate monitoring of the SWE. Passive microwave remote sensing could be an alternative to overcome this problem. The HUT (Helsinki University of Technology) model allows the estimation of the SWE from passive microwave data. The first purpose of this project was to compare two products that estimate the SWE using the HUT model, but with different inversion approaches. The first product is Quebec Snow Grid (GNQ) produced by Hydro-Quebec, and the second product is GlobSnow. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the GNQ product with regards to environmental variables (vegetation cover fraction, stem volume, climate and topography). The study area is located at La Grande and Manicouagan watersheds in northern Quebec. The study period was from 1 st January to 31 March of the years 2006 to 2010. The SWE data estimated by the two products were compared to Hydro-Quebec's insitu snow line data and to 2008 International Polar Year field campaign’s SWE measurements in Sept-Iles and Schefferville. The methodology of this work consisted in calculating the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), bias and R2 for each product, relative to the in-situ data; and then analyze these parameters according to forest fraction, stem volume, mean temperatures, precipitation, as well as the mean measured SWE and the slope of the terrain. This was done, first for the study area, and then at the scale of five latitudinal bands of one degree latitude from north to south, which divide the study area. This study demonstrated the superiority of GNQ (RMSE = 31%) compared to GlobSnow (RMSE = 43%) for an average SWE of 215 mm over the entire study area. However, the performance decreases from north to south, where both products become quite similar, with RMSE = 45% and a bias of -90 mm for an average SWE of 253 mm. This could be explained by the effect of the vegetation density characteristic of the boreal forest (forest fraction> 45%), which acts like a mask for the signal, and by the higher SWE values (> 250 mm) which saturates it, hence the underestimation of the SWE. A combined effect of temperature and precipitation that had an impact on the SWE estimate was found for GNQ product. The relatively flat relief did not have a significant impact on the estimation of the SWE. Globally, GNQ shows better results than GlobSnow, but its capacity is limited for dense vegetation and thick snowpack.