The aim of this dissertation thesis is an analysis of the modernization process during the 1850 - 1938 period in the given region extending from the city of Prague to the regional centre Kolín. The modernization proces is in particular seen in terms of economic history. In the thesis I will analyse demographic and economical development, the building up of the transport, infrastructure, economic elites and partially also some subjects related to democratisation. In addition to the modernization itself, the transformation of the regional structure, mutual relations and development of typologically different settlements will also be assessed. Particular analysis will be done in the frame of the region as well as on selected settlements of Český Brod, Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Kouřim, Pečky and Úvaly. Keywords Modernization / Modernisation, economic, demographic, Region, Urbanization, City, Town, Village, rural, Infrastructure, Elite, Czech, Bohemia

The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the personality and literary and media production of Jiří Padevět, researcher, writer, director of publishing house Academia and the holder of several awards including Magnesia Litera who devotes himself particularly to the period of the Second World War in Czech territory. Theoretical part includes concise summary of events in the protectorate from 1939 to 1945. There are included Jiří Padevět's viewpoints regarding several historical events. This chapter establishes a context for the entire thesis while also commemorating this year's 80th anniversary of the occupation by Nazi Germany and the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. One of theoretical chapters is dedicated to non-fiction genre to which author's historical guides are mainly assigned. Integral part is also Jiří Padevět's biography, which maps his life from childhood to the present day. This diploma thesis presents guides, fiction books and web series Bloody years on web portal Stream.cz from the output of Jiří Padevět. Practical part focuses in detail on four selected works of Jiří Padevět which are interpreted even with their critical responses. Part of this thesis is also an interview with Jiří Padevět.

This diploma thesis presents the results of the study of historical exploitation of gold in Vodňany, which were partly introduced in previous bachelor thesis. The core of the thesis is a list of locations that have been researched mainly through studying lidar pictures, field and heavy minerals prospecting, professional literature and geological maps. Based on the observation of common or different features of the individual areals, the thesis further solved questions related to the morphology of the areals, the probable occurrence of gold, the method of its mining, and, consequently, property and settlement links.

The Diploma Thesis focuses on the general characteristics of the internal and external migration in the area of South Bohemia. One of the most important part of the thesis is the division and the definition of the migration regions of South Bohemia and their comparison with the migration regions according to J. Čekal and administration units SO ORP. The thesis also shows the geographical characteristics of South Bohemia and its historical development of the population and migration. The main part of the Diploma thesis is the analysis of the migration in the region with the help of migration indicators. South Bohemia is a profit region in 1991-2015, the arrival of the new inhabitants is seen mainly in the area of České Budějovice and the regions around bigger county cities. The thesis is also focused on the counterurbanisation flows in the chosen migration area Český Krumlov where the bigger migration activity from the bigger cities did not prove itself. The results are presented with the help of cartographical, graphical and table charts that enable better interpretation of the research.

This thesis is focused on process of evaluation and self-evaluation of school-management in leisure time centres in Central Bohemia and Prague. The thesis aims to discover how and whether at all evaluation and self-evaluation of school-management takes place in leisure centres, including sources, methods and criterias being used. In theoretical part we define origin and meaning of the evaluation and self-evaluation concept and we present main thoeries of this discipline in so called Evaluation theory tree. Then, Leisure time centres are classified presented in context of Czech school system and types of education - informal, non-formal and formal. Individual chapters deal with general presentation of leisure time centres, definition of school management (including legal requirements concerning their education), evaluation tools, projects, methods, competences and competence models of middle management in leisure time centres. We also introduce here evaluation tools created for leisure time centres, especially online system Olina. In empirical part we combine quantitative design of research (survey among leisure time centres in Central Bohemia and Prague) and case study in chosen centre. Analysis of current state of evaluation in chosen leisure time centre is focused on evaluation processes and on...

This diploma thesis focuses mainly on general Eliáš. The goal of this thesis is to explain the relationship of Alois Eliáš with the czech resistance during 1939-1942. The thesis analyses the resistance activities of Alois Eliáš and their hidden and public manifestations. The existence of Schmoranz's group and other important facts is resolved in this connection. Different forms of Czech collaboration are analysed as well, with special sight on Czech journalists. One part of this thesis deals with the economical benefits of Protectorate economy for the German economics.

This dissertation is focused on an analysis of economic policies toward the private insurance industry in the Czech lands between 1938 and 1945 and a description of insurance policy confiscations by the Nazi authorities. It examines the division of insurance companies after the Munich Pact and the subsequent new spheres of influence in the insurance industry. It looks closely at the new conditions for the industry within the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its development from 1939 to 1945. The author describes different strategies through which Nazi authorities and German companies increased their control over protectorate insurance companies and how the confiscated assets were transferred to Germany. The process of Aryanization is also explained.

Les nouvelles de Fitz-James O’Brien ont été réévaluées dès les années 1970 et jusqu’au début du XXIe siècle à la lumière de son origine irlandaise. L’enjeu de cette thèse est d’analyser les processus de re-nationalisation à l’œuvre dans l’interprétation de ses nouvelles : de déplacements sémantiques en projections langagières, le critique risque d’être hanté par l’histoire de l’Irlande. Il est nécessaire pour ce faire de retracer le parcours littéraire et journalistique de O’Brien, depuis ses débuts en tant que contributeur anonyme du courrier des lecteurs du journal nationaliste irlandais The Nation, jusqu’à la fondation du journal satirique américain Vanity Fair et sa mort d’une blessure qu’il a reçue au cours d’un combat de la guerre de Sécession. Il conviendra notamment d’analyser, tout le long de son parcours, le rôle de la bohème littéraire dans la construction d’un idéal artistique sans frontières et le rôle de la presse comme outil de diffusion de cet idéal et, paradoxalement, de construction d’un champ littéraire spécifiquement américain. Nous examinerons ensuite la réception de ses nouvelles et leurs adaptations. Enfin, il s’agira d’étudier les mécanismes interprétatifs qui mettent spécifiquement l’Irlande et l’« irlandicité » au cœur de la lecture des textes, ainsi que de mettre en lumière les effets rhétoriques qui permettent une telle lecture, tant dans les textes critiques que dans les nouvelles elles-mêmes. A cause de la nature éminemment référentielle de l’écriture d’O’Brien, le sens symbolique, parfois satirique, voire allégorique de ses nouvelles se dérobe au lecteur d’aujourd’hui qui se trouve contraint d’effectuer une laborieuse quête herméneutique. / Between the 1970’s and the early years of the 21st century, Fitz-James O’Brien’s short stories have been analysed with reference to his Irish birth. This dissertation aims to examine the mechanisms of re-nationalisation at work in the interpretation of his stories: by means of semantic displacements and linguistic projections, the critic runs the risk of being haunted by Irish history. It is thus necessary to reconstruct O’Brien’s literary and journalistic career, from his early anonymous contributions to the “correspondence” column of the Irish nationalist newspaper The Nation, to the creation of the American satirical magazine Vanity Fair, and his death from a wound he recieved in a skirmish during the American Civil War. This dissertation will analyse particularly the part that literary Bohemia played in creating an artistic ideal of “borderlessness,” and the part that the press played in circulating this idea, all the while partaking in the construction of a specifically American literary field. I will then examine the reception of O’Brien’s stories and how they were adapted throughout decades in various media. Finally, I will study interpretative mechanisms which place Ireland and Irishness at the centre of text-reading and I will highlight the rhetorical effects allowing such a reading, both in the critical texts and in O’Brien’s stories themselves. Because of the highly referential nature of his magazine writing, the symbolical, sometimes satirical or even allegorical meaning of his stories eludes today’s reader, who has no choice but to embark on a laborious hermeneutic quest.

My diploma work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In theoretical part I engage with particular defect of studying, their types and demonstration. I also deal with their diagnostic and amendment. In the connection to particular defects of studying I also describe the trouble of defect of behaviour, mostly ADHD, including the defect of studying of adults. I also focus on education of individual with the particular defect of studying at university. I describe the system of studying at university with the possibility of advantage for students with particular defect of stuyding. The end of my theoretical part I aim on University of South Bohemia itself, its history and operating of each faculty. In my practical part I deal with analyze of students´branch/programmes of daily studying in two faculties of University of South Bohemia - Faculty of Economy and the Faculty of Fishing. Each subjects which are taught in particular studying branch I analyze and I show the requirements which are needed to pass that subject. After this I try to deduce the charge on students which has been defined on the base of analyze of each students branch in different faculties. It will be confronted with the theoretical piece of knowledge, which relates to needs and rarity of the students with the particular defect of studying while being a student at university.

Earthquakes form by sudden brittle failure of rock mostly as shear ruptures along a rupture plane. Beside this, mechanisms other than pure shearing have been observed for some earthquakes mainly in volcanic areas. Possible explanations include complex rupture geometries and tensile earthquakes. Tensile earthquakes occur by opening or closure of cracks during rupturing. They are likely to be often connected with fluids that cause pressure changes in the pore space of rocks leading to earthquake triggering. Tensile components have been reported for swarm earthquakes in West Bohemia in 2000. The aim and subject of this work is an assessment and the accurate determination of such tensile components for earthquakes in anisotropic media. Currently used standard techniques for the retrieval of earthquake source mechanisms assume isotropic rock properties. By means of moment tensors, equivalent forces acting at the source are used to explain the radiated wavefield. Conversely, seismic anisotropy, i.e. directional dependence of elastic properties, has been observed in the earth's crust and mantle such as in West Bohemia. In comparison to isotropy, anisotropy causes modifications in wave amplitudes and shear-wave splitting. In this work, effects of seismic anisotropy on true or apparent tensile source components of earthquakes are investigated. In addition, earthquake source parameters are determined considering anisotropy. It is shown that moment tensors and radiation patterns due to shear sources in anisotropic media may be similar to those of tensile sources in isotropic media. In contrast, similarities between tensile earthquakes in anisotropic rocks and shear sources in isotropic media may exist. As a consequence, the interpretation of tensile source components is ambiguous. The effects that are due to anisotropy depend on the orientation of the earthquake source and the degree of anisotropy. The moment of an earthquake is also influenced by anisotropy. The orientation of fault planes can be reliably determined even if isotropy instead of anisotropy is assumed and if the spectra of the compressional waves are used. Greater difficulties may arise when the spectra of split shear waves are additionally included. Retrieved moment tensors show systematic artefacts. Observed tensile source components determined for events in West Bohemia in 1997 can only partly be attributed to the effects of moderate anisotropy. Furthermore, moment tensors determined earlier for earthquakes induced at the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Bavaria, were reinterpreted under assumptions of anisotropic rock properties near the borehole. The events can be consistently identified as shear sources, although their moment tensors comprise tensile components that are considered to be apparent. These results emphasise the necessity to consider anisotropy to uniquely determine tensile source parameters. Therefore, a new inversion algorithm has been developed, tested, and successfully applied to 112 earthquakes that occurred during the most recent intense swarm episode in West Bohemia in 2000 at the German-Czech border. Their source mechanisms have been retrieved using isotropic and anisotropic velocity models. Determined local magnitudes are in the range between 1.6 and 3.2. Fault-plane solutions are similar to each other and characterised by left-lateral faulting on steeply dipping, roughly North-South oriented rupture planes. Their dip angles decrease above a depth of about 8.4km. Tensile source components indicating positive volume changes are found for more than 60% of the considered earthquakes. Their size depends on source time and location. They are significant at the beginning of the swarm and at depths below 8.4km but they decrease in importance later in the course of the swarm. Determined principle stress axes include P axes striking Northeast and Taxes striking Southeast. They resemble those found earlier in Central Europe. However, depth-dependence in plunge is observed. Plunge angles of the P axes decrease gradually from 50° towards shallow angles with increasing depth. In contrast, the plunge angles of the T axes change rapidly from about 8° above a depth of 8.4km to 21° below this depth. By this thesis, spatial and temporal variations in tensile source components and stress conditions have been reported for the first time for swarm earthquakes in West Bohemia in 2000. They also persist, when anisotropy is assumed and can be explained by intrusion of fluids into the opened cracks during tensile faulting. / Erdbeben entstehen durch plötzlichen Sprödbruch des Gesteins, meist als Scherbruch entlang einer Bruchfläche. Daneben werden für einige Beben v.a. in vulkanischen Gebieten auch Mechanismen beobachtet, die scheinbar vom Modell des Scherbruches abweichen. Ursachen dafür beinhalten komplexe Bruchgeometrien und tensile Erdbeben. Bei tensilen Erdbeben kommt es während des Bruchs zum Öffnen oder Schließen der Bruchfläche und damit zu Volumenänderungen. Erdbeben mit tensilen Anteilen stehen wahrscheinlich oft im Zusammenhang mit Fluiden, welche zur Durckänderung im Porenraum von Gesteinen und damit zum Auslösen des Bebens führen. Sie wurden auch im Vogtland während eines Erdbebenschwarms im Jahr 1997 beobachtet. Die Beurteilung und sichere Bestimmung tensiler Anteile von Erdbeben sind Ziel und Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Bei Standardverfahren zur Bestimmung von Erdbebenmechanismen werden isotrope Gesteinseigenschaften angenommen. Momententensoren beschreiben dabei Kräfte, die das abgestrahlte Wellenfeld erklären. Allerdings wird seismische Anisotropie, d.h. Richtungsabhängigkeit elastischer Eigenschaften, in der Erdkruste und im Mantel wie z.B. im Vogtland beobachtet. Anisotropie bewirkt im Vergleich zu isotropen Medien Veränderungen der Wellenamplituden und -polariserungen sowie das Aufspalten von Scherwellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden daher der Einfluss seismischer Anisotropie auf wahre oder scheinbar auftretende tensile Quellanteile untersucht und Erdbebenmechanismen unter Berücksichtigung seismischer Anisotropie bestimmt. Es wird gezeigt, dass Momententensoren und Abstrahlmuster von Scherbrüchen in anisotropen Medien denen von tensilen Brüchen in isotropen Medien ähneln können. Umgekehrt treten Ähnlichkeiten tensiler Beben in anisotropen Gesteinen mit Scherbrüchen in isotropen Medien auf. Damit existieren Mehrdeutigkeiten beobachteter tensiler Quellanteile. Die Effekte von Anisotropie hängen von der Orientierung des Bruches und vom Grad der Anisotropie ab. Außerdem beeinflusst Anisotropie das Moment eines Bebens. Herdflächenorientierungen können auch dann verlässlich bestimmt werden, wenn man Isotropie statt Anisotropie annimmt und die Spektren von Kompressionswellen verwendet. Bei Hinzunahme der Spektren von Scherwellen können Uneindeutigkeiten auftreten. Abgeleitete Momententensoren zeigen systematische Artefakte. Beobachtungen tensiler Quellanteile von Beben im Vogtland im Jahr 1997 können nicht allein durch moderate Anisotropie erklärt werden. Weiterhin wurden früher bestimmte Momententensoren induzierter Beben nahe der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung, Bayern, unter Annahme anisotroper Parameter reinterpretiert. Die Beben werden einheitlich als Scherbrüche charakterisiert, obwohl deren Momententensoren tensile Bestandteile enthalten, die als scheinbar angesehen werden. Die Resultate unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, seismische Anisotropie zu berücksichtigen, um tensile Komponenten von Erdbeben eindeutig zu bestimmen. Ein daher neu entwickelter Inversionsalgorithmus wurde getestet und erfolgreich auf 112 Erdbeben der letzten intensiven Schwarmepisode im Jahr 2000 im Vogtland an der deutsch-tschechischen Grenze angewandt. Die Herdparameter wurden unter Verwendung isotroper und anisotroper Geschwindigkeitsmodelle ermittelt. Die Beben zeigen Lokalmagnituden zwischen 1,6 und 3,2. Sie weisen zueinander ähnliche Herdflächenlösungen mit linkslateralem Versatz auf steil einfallenden, etwa Nord-Süd orientierten Bruchflächen auf. Die Fallwinkel nehmen oberhalb 8,4km Tiefe ab. Für über 60% der betrachteten Erdbeben werden tensile Quellanteile mit Volumenvergrößerung beobachtet. Die tensilen Komponenten zeigen Abhängigkeiten von Herdzeit und -ort. Sie sind zu Beginn des Schwarms sowie in Tiefen unterhalb 8,4km besonders signifikant und nehmen später an Bedeutung ab. Abgeleitete Hauptspannungsachsen enthalten P Achsen mit nordwestlicher und T Achsen mit südwestlicher Streichrichtung. Sie ähneln denen in Mitteleuropa. Es werden tiefenabhängige Fallwinkel beobachtet. Die Änderungen erfolgen für die P Achsen graduell von 50° hin zu flacheren Fallwinkeln bei tieferen Beben. Sie erfolgen jedoch abrupt für die T Achsen von etwa 8° oberhalb einer Tiefe von etwa 8,4km zu 21° einfallend unterhalb dessen. Mit dieser Arbeit werden erstmals zeitliche und räumliche Veränderungen tensiler Quellanteile und Spannungszustände im Vogtland für Erdbeben im Jahr 2000 beobachtet. Diese haben auch dann Bestand, wenn seismische Anisotropie berücksichtigt wird. Sie können durch Fluide erklärt werden, die in die Bruchflächen eindringen.