Texte remanié de: Tesis doctoral--Derecho--Bilbao--Universidad del País Vasco, 1998. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 391-403.

Thesis--University of Florida. / Manuscript copy. Vita. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 29-30.

Diss.--Lüneburg, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 240-245.

Th. Ph. D.--Faculty of the division of the social sciences--University of Chicago, 1948.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008. / Title from title screen (site viewed Jan. 13, 2009). PDF text: vii, 292 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 6 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3315886. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

No description available.

Résumé L’accent, c’est-à-dire la façon de prononcer d’un locuteur, est une variation langagière qui est sujette aux préjugés et à la discrimination lorsqu’elle diverge du standard (Gluszek & Dovidio, 2010b). Plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux réactions affectives d’interlocuteurs à l’égard de ceux-ci. Peu d’attention a, cependant, été dévolue au sort du locuteur lui-même. L’objectif de ce programme de recherche, composé d’une étude qualitative et de deux études quantitatives, est d’élucider l’expérience de la stigmatisation liée aux accents. L’analyse se fait selon une perspective psychosociale. Elle se fonde sur la perspective présentant la discrimination comme un processus transactionnel (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) et sur la théorie de l’identité sociale (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) et ses dérivés. Ensemble, les études examinent les conséquences sociales, psychosociales et affectives de l’accentisme auprès de locuteurs francophones (natifs ou allophones) dans le contexte canadien. De plus, ce programme d’études examine certains facteurs qui exacerbent ou atténuent les conséquences de ces expériences. D’abord, par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-structurées, la première étude explore en profondeur une gamme d’expériences relatives à la perception subjective attribuée à l’accent, aux contextes dans lesquels l’accentisme se produit, et à la compréhension et au sens donné à la stigmatisation par ceux qui la subissent. Des réponses comportementales, cognitives et affectives sont aussi identifiées. Les expériences sont comparées selon le type d’accent (de locuteurs natifs vs allophones) et la vitalité ethnolinguistique relative des régions d’où proviennent les locuteurs. Cette première étude informe les études subséquentes. À l’aide de questionnaires, la deuxième étude explore les relations entre la discrimination perçue et des facteurs psychosociaux (confiance langagière et identités francophones réelle et réfléchie) telles que modérées par la légitimité perçue de la discrimination. Les résultats révèlent que la discrimination perçue est significativement et négativement liée à la confiance langagière pour les locuteurs natifs et allophones. La légitimité perçue modère la relation entre la discrimination perçue et l’identité, mais seulement pour les locuteurs natifs d’une région bénéficiant de vitalité francophone élevée. La troisième étude, à base de questionnaires et menée auprès de locuteurs francophones natifs, explore les conséquences d’ajustement psychologique (estime de soi et tracas langagiers quotidiens) de la discrimination perçue. Les rôles de l’identité francophone et de la légitimité perçue comme modérateurs sont explorés. Les résultats révèlent que la discrimination perçue est positivement liée aux tracas langagiers quotidiens pour ceux qui perçoivent la discrimination comme étant plus légitime et qui ont une identité francophone moindre. L’identité francophone et l’illégitimité perçue protègent ainsi contre les tracas langagiers quotidiens, mais non l’estime de soi. Ensemble, ces études suggèrent que l’accentisme est perçu par certains locuteurs francophones natifs et allophones. Alors que certains font l’expérience de conséquences psychosociales et d’ajustement psychologique, d’autres font preuve de résilience. Ce programme de recherche suggère par ailleurs que le statut d’un accent, tel que déterminé par sa nature (de locuteurs natifs ou allophones) et la vitalité ethnolinguistique peuvent influer sur l’expérience des locuteurs stigmatisés. Des implications théoriques et pratiques sont présentées. Abstract An accent, that is, a way of speaking, is a language variation that can be subject to prejudice and discrimination when it diverges from the norm (Gluszek & Dovidio, 2010b). Several studies have investigated affective responses towards non-standard accents. However, less attention has been afforded to the stigmatized speakers’ experiences of these. The objective of this research program, composed of one qualitative study and two quantitative studies, is to explore the experience of accent stigmatization. A psychosocial perspective is used. Our program of research is rooted in the perspective of discrimination as a transactional process (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and in social identity and related theories (Tajfel & Turner, 1979). Together, these studies examine the social, psychosocial and affective consequences of accentism among francophone speakers (native and non-native) in a Canadian context. In addition, this program of research examines how certain factors exacerbate or attenuate the consequences of these experiences. Using semi-structured interviews, the first study explores the range of experiences related to the subjective perception of an accent, the contexts in which accentism occurs, and the understanding and sense given to the stigmatization by those who experience it. Behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses are also identified. Experiences are compared based on type of accent (native vs non-native) and the relative ethnolinguistic vitality of the regions from which the speakers originate. This study informs the subsequent studies. With the use of questionnaires, the second study explores the relations between perceived discrimination and psychosocial factors (language confidence and actual and reflected francophone identities) as moderated by the perceived legitimacy of discrimination. The results reveal that perceived discrimination is significantly and negatively related to language confidence for native and non-native speakers. Perceived legitimacy moderates the relation between perceived discrimination and identity, but only for native speakers from a region benefitting from stronger francophone vitality. The third study also uses questionnaires, and is conducted among native francophone speakers. It explores the psychological adjustment consequences (self-esteem and daily language hassles) of perceived discrimination. Francophone identity and perceived legitimacy are explored as potential moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and psychological adjustment consequences. Results reveal that perceived discrimination is positively related to daily language hassles for those who perceive discrimination as being more legitimate and for whom francophone identity is weaker. As such, francophone identity and perceived illegitimacy protect against daily language hassles, but not lowered self-esteem. Together, these studies suggest that accentism is perceived by certain native and non-native French speakers. Whereas some stigmatized speakers experience psychosocial and psychological adjustment consequences, others show resilience. The results suggest that the status of an accent, as determined by its nature (native or non-native) as well as ethnolinguistic vitality, can influence the experience of stigmatized speakers. Theoretical and practical implications are presented.

This work deals with sex discrimination in employment. It traces the origins of discrimination and considers the meaning of equality and the role which the law can play in attaining equality in the work place. International and regional norms, as well as the British and American legal systems, are analysed. The position in South Africa is then considered against that background, and reforms are proposed. These include the formulation of comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation which draws upon the American and British systems, but is adapted to suit local needs. The establishment of an independent administrative body to monitor the legislation, as well as a specialised judicial body through which the legislation is to be enforced, is also proposed. / School of Law / Thesis (LL.D.)--University of South Africa, 1992.

This study explores gender discrimination among attorneys using Young Lawyers survey data from 2007. The survey included five questions about discrimination which are used as outcome measures. The survey asks respondents about receiving demeaning comments, missing out on desirable assignments, client requests for someone else to do work, colleague requests for someone else to work with, and the partner discounted hours. Results show gender gaps in two of the discrimination measures: experience in receiving demeaning comments and missed out desirable comments. Gaps persist even after controlling for performance, educational attainment and ability, individual characteristics, firm characteristics and areas of law. Data do not indicate gender gaps for the other measures. This suggests that gender discrimination persists in specific situations among young lawyers.

No description available.