It is the intention in this study to familiarize the reader with the unionization of the music industry. First, there is a discussion of the boundaries of the music industry, followed by a general analysis of musicians as occupational types. This is necessary because of the unique conditions surrounding music--as a profession and as an industry. Second, a brief historical outline, showing, in particular, the growth and decline of rival unionism in Canada. Third, a discussion of the structure of the International and its Federated Locals. Of particular significance here is the position of the International President and the constitutional authority conferred on him. Four, the role of collective bargaining--stressing particularly the American Federation of Musicians' unilateral wage rate determination. Five, the problems of technological change, particularly with respect to the use of records, radio, television and motion pictures. The summary chapter, rather than review what has gone before, utilizes the Report of the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences to show the insecure position of the musician in Canada. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Master’s Research Report / The purpose of this project is to analyse the accession process to the World Trade Organisation using Russia as the case study. It will be guided by the following hypothesis ‘Russia’s slow accession to the WTO can be explained in a two-level game context where administrative capacity, domestic lobbies, domestic political changes and relations with international actors are relevant’. The importance of such research lies at the heart of a debate in the literature which asks whether a country should liberalise its trade, integrate itself into the international system by limiting its freedom and increasing competition on domestic producers. In a thorough analysis of Russia’s accession this paper intends to investigate how this dilemma was affecting the country’s decision-making process. This paper attempts to deliver an original analysis of Russia’s accession process by embedding it in a consistent theoretical framework, as the relevant literature lacks the theory implication and mostly focuses on economic benefits of Russia liberalising its trade.

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Putin's military forces invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, sparking a renewed academic interest in Russia's current regime. Several scholars suggested that a critical period in the construction of the current regime occurred between 1999-2013 during Putin's first two presidencies followed by the Medvedev presidency. This is when the basic institutions of the current Russian political system were changed to recentralize state authority and prevent Russian Federation from looming disintegration. One such institution was the budgetary process. Signed into law in 1998, Russian Budget Code established how funds were disbursed from the "center" to the federal "subjects" and other entities. Many scholars have pointed out that one specific mechanism, namely "Intergovernmental Transfers", can be used to achieve the political goals of a regime by rewarding supporters, swinging the competitive electoral districts, or appeasing the opposition or separatist regions. The goal of this dissertation to investigate under what conditions a non-democratic regime, like Russia, uses these strategies for political effect? Do those strategies change over time? In this work, I develop a basic theoretical framework outlining such conditions and test it using the municipal-level data gathered from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service and Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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The Organization tor European Economic Co-operation(O.E.E.C.) was a result of Marshall Plan pressure for co-operation among the states receiving American aid. The cooperative spirit engendered by O.E.E.C. prompted the formation of the Council of Europe, where the international problems of the members were debated. Conclusions of the Council were addressed to the states, but were not binding. A. closer association was sought by men such as Paul-Henri Spaak, Robert Schuman, and Jean Monnet. The Schuman Plan launched the European Coal and Steel Community, whereby six states - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - pooled their coal and steel industries, and relinquished national control over them. This was followed by an abortive attempt to form a common European army and a common political community. The effort failed in the French National Assembly in 1954. The following year brought the “new drive for European union” led by MM. Schuman and Monnet. The result was the establishment of the European Economic Community (Common Market) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in January of 1958. Complications in the relations between the Community and the other western European states - particularly the United Kingdom - have yet to be resolved, but negotiations are currently being conducted. The effectiveness, even the very existence, of the Common Market and the unity movement may well depend on the result of these negotiations. / Master of Science

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Transnational organized crime has been prevalent during the last century, but it recently has been recognized as a threat to the world order. Governments throughout the world, along with the intergovernmental organizations identified this phenomenon as a new threat to domestic and international security. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of transnational organized crime on the functioning of democratic societies by adopting the Russian Organized Crime as case study. The descriptive research with regard to definition, scope and organization of transnational organized crime, along with the objectives, limitations and methodology of this research will be included in the first chapter. Recent trends observed in organized crime`s character and the impact of organized crime on the political economies of democratic regimes will be contained in the following chapters. Pre-conditions for a broader response to transnational organized crime and conclusive remarks will be the context of the last chapter.