In this thesis, we introduce the notion of quadratic forms and provide motivation for their study. We begin by discussing Diophantine equations, the field of p-adic numbers, and the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem that allows us to use p-adic analysis determine whether a quadratic form has a rational root. We then discuss search bounds and state Cassels' Theorem for small-height zeros of rational quadratic forms. We end with a proof of Cassels' Theorem and suggestions for further reading.

The objectives of this research firstly is to assess and establish the guidelines in respect of the medium of instruction as a determinant of the forms of the educational system in South Africa. Subsequently, the researcher wishes to establish the precise policy in respect of the instructional medium in South Africa. Thirdly, the researcher wishes to establish which languages are preferred as instructional media by South African learners, and why. Finally, the researchers wishes to establish the learners' approach and attitude in respect of a particular instructional medium. The research method followed, focuses in the first place on an extensive literature study to primarily establish the guidelines in respect of the instructional medium as a determinant of the educational system, as well as to acquire information in respect of the instructional medium in South Africa. In addition, empirical research was done to determine which languages are preferred in practice by learners as media of instruction, and why attempts at assessing attitudes in respect of a specific instructional media were also made. By using a questionnaire as measuring instrument, quantitative research was done in respect of 28 % of the grade eleven learners in Vanderbijlpark. Qualitative research was also done by way of personal interviews using a structured questionnaire with the aid of teachers. The findings briefly indicate that the Afrikaans -speaking learners in South Africa realize the value of mother tongue instruction, consequently also then preferring it as the instructional medium. Both English -speaking and African language users in South Africa prefer English as a medium of instruction as they believe their entrance into the job market will then be assured. Only a small percentage of users of African languages prefer their mother tongue as instructional language. The literature study revealed that mother tongue instruction is indispensable in respect of academic performance. Learners perform better academically should they for a period receive instruction in their mother tongue, even should it be up to the fourth grade when basic skills such as reading, writing and arithmetic are acquired. It was finally established, that South African legislation indeed provides for mother tongue instruction for all, but that the policy is not applied in practice. It is the considered opinion of the researcher that mother tongue instruction in South Africa is a treasure to be cherished and preserved by both Afrikaans and English speaking learners, also that it should be extended to users of African languages, as only mother tongue instruction for all in South Africa would indeed mean real equal educational opportunities. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The objectives of this research firstly is to assess and establish the guidelines in respect of the medium of instruction as a determinant of the forms of the educational system in South Africa. Subsequently, the researcher wishes to establish the precise policy in respect of the instructional medium in South Africa. Thirdly, the researcher wishes to establish which languages are preferred as instructional media by South African learners, and why. Finally, the researchers wishes to establish the learners' approach and attitude in respect of a particular instructional medium. The research method followed, focuses in the first place on an extensive literature study to primarily establish the guidelines in respect of the instructional medium as a determinant of the educational system, as well as to acquire information in respect of the instructional medium in South Africa. In addition, empirical research was done to determine which languages are preferred in practice by learners as media of instruction, and why attempts at assessing attitudes in respect of a specific instructional media were also made. By using a questionnaire as measuring instrument, quantitative research was done in respect of 28 % of the grade eleven learners in Vanderbijlpark. Qualitative research was also done by way of personal interviews using a structured questionnaire with the aid of teachers. The findings briefly indicate that the Afrikaans -speaking learners in South Africa realize the value of mother tongue instruction, consequently also then preferring it as the instructional medium. Both English -speaking and African language users in South Africa prefer English as a medium of instruction as they believe their entrance into the job market will then be assured. Only a small percentage of users of African languages prefer their mother tongue as instructional language. The literature study revealed that mother tongue instruction is indispensable in respect of academic performance. Learners perform better academically should they for a period receive instruction in their mother tongue, even should it be up to the fourth grade when basic skills such as reading, writing and arithmetic are acquired. It was finally established, that South African legislation indeed provides for mother tongue instruction for all, but that the policy is not applied in practice. It is the considered opinion of the researcher that mother tongue instruction in South Africa is a treasure to be cherished and preserved by both Afrikaans and English speaking learners, also that it should be extended to users of African languages, as only mother tongue instruction for all in South Africa would indeed mean real equal educational opportunities. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

In this dissertation, I argue for the philosophical consistency of Aquinas’ hybrid view of human souls - that is, the idea that human souls, and only human souls, are at once substantial forms and subsistent things. I contend that the best way to understand the ontological status of human souls according to Aquinas is by means of the concept of ‘subsistent parts’. Since Aquinas characterizes souls as parts of substances, I propose a mereological analysis of the different types of part in Aquinas, and I conclude that souls should be seen as metaphysical parts of substances. An influential contemporary view holds that Aquinas’ doctrine is inconsistent on the grounds that nothing could be an abstract (form) and a concrete (subsistent) at the same time. I respond to this view by denying the widespread notion that substantial forms are purely abstract entities. I hold that the best way to make sense of Aquinas’ twofold approach to human souls is by saying that substantial forms possess an element of concreteness which is accounted for by the fundamental relationship between form and being. Finally, I address the question of taxonomy: how can we classify Aquinas’ view of the soul-body relation in light of the concepts that are currently used in philosophy of mind. I argue that the notion of a subsistent part entails the concept of ‘part-dualism’, which I present as standing midway between substance-dualism and nonreductive materialism, and also as being ontologically richer than property-dualism. I conclude this dissertation with a refutation of the idea championed by some prominent scholars that the existence of the soul is sufficient for the existence of the person.

This thesis treats some of the problems related to the good drawings D$ sb{ rm n}$ of the complete graph K$ sb{ rm n}$. The first of these problems is obtaining all the non-isomorphic good drawings D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$. After conjecturing that any good drawing D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$ has at least one crossing-free Hamiltonian Circuit, an algorithm generating all the non-isomorphic good drawings D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$ is developed. The second problem, determining the existence of a rectilinear drawing D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$ with a given set of crossings, is solved by finding a characteristic of the rectilinear drawings D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$. An algorithm using this characteristic determines whether a given set of crossing defines a rectilinear drawing D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$. The last problem, to generate all the non-isomorphic rectilinear drawings D$ sb{ rm n}$ of K$ sb{ rm n}$, is solved by an algorithm using a set of rectilinear drawings D$ sb{ rm n-1}$ of K$ sb{ rm n-1}$.

Herewith are presented the results of an investigation the statistical power of USP compendial release tests and recommended alternatives. <br>The U.S. drug supply chain, formerly protected by a closed distribution network, is now threatened by the legal and illegal importation of drug products. Whereas quality can never be inspected into final products, compendial release standards may represent the only valid assessment that products of dubious origin would receive. Reliable tests for content uniformity and dissolution are required to protect the safety of the supply chain. A study was designed to test the hypothesis that existing compendial tests for content uniformity and dissolution would protect the supply chain against substandard and counterfeit drugs if basic field tests failed. <br>Compendial tests for content uniformity and dissolution were evaluated for statistical power using simulation studies. The results revealed that the revised content uniformity test, based on tolerance analysis, was subject to an unacceptable level of consumers' risk. The Bergum method proved to be an excellent secondary standard for product assessment and is recommended as an alternative to the USP method. Simulations with the USP dissolution test revealed significant weaknesses and inconsistencies in the test structure. Theoretical models and power assessments confirmed that the coverage specification of the dissolution test was an unacceptably high 50% coverage with 50% confidence. <br>A Bayesian D-optimal design program was used to investigate alternative methods to improve the coverage capability of the USP dissolution test. The result of this program was the identification of two alternatives to the existing USP procedure. The first alternative is based on the addition of attribute coverage tests to stages 2 and 3 of the USP test, whereas the second alternative is based on the concept of tolerance analysis. <br>Validation studies confirmed that both alternatives significantly improved the statistical power of the USP dissolution test without increasing the sample size or modifying the current three-stage procedure. The attribute test is non-parametric and behaves similarly to the existing USP with improved coverage, whereas the continuous alternative is more sensitive and is consistent with the recent revisions to the content uniformity test. / Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Pharmaceutics / PhD / Dissertation

這一篇論文裡，我們討論如何計算開放式有限容量等候系統的穩定機率。其中到達時間和服務時間的機率分配都是Coxian分配。我們利用向量表示法（Product-Form Method）求解穩定機率，並建立C_{k}/C_{m}/1/4與C_{k}/C_{m}/1/6的穩定機率之表格。在使用向量表示法的過程中，計算所需的時間與系統容量無關。因此，在我們計算穩定機率的經驗中，當N>100時，我們可以明顯感覺出向量表示法比一般傳統方法有更快的計算速度。 / In this thesis, we study the C_{k}/C_{m}/1/N open queueing system with finite capacity, N. We use the product-form method to solve the steady-state probabilities and give tables of numerical results in examples of C_{k}/C_{m}/1/4 and C_{k}/C_{m}/1/6. The merit of this method is that the computation time is independent of N. In our computational experiments, we have observed that when the capacity size of queueing system, N>100, the computing efficiency of the product-form method is much better than that of a traditional method.

<p>Artemisia Afra, a popular South African traditional herbal medicine is commonly administered as a tea infusion of the leaves. However, clinical trials proving it safety and efficacy are lacking mainly due to the absence of good quality dosage forms and credible placebos for the plant. The objectives of this study were to prepare a standardized preparation of the plant leaves and freeze-dried aqueous extract powder of the leaves, in a tea bag dosage form and to design and prepare credible placebos for these plant materials.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.) Catholic University of America, 1929. / Bibliography included in preface.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1930. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xii-xiv; "Collections": p. ix-x).