After the last European Union expansion the east European countries became members of the European Union. This meant that they would become apart of the Schengen agreement and that they would be able to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. This came as a shock to the Scandinavian trade unions that were worried that work migration would escalate, and that it would lead to social dumping, which would make the working conditions worse for the native workers. . The Swedish labour market is build up by the principal of negotiations. The evolution of the labour laws comes from the rules and regulations of collective agreements. The Lex Britannia principal was made to regulate the working conditions for guest workers in Sweden, by making it possible for trade unions to take industrial action against foreign companies to make them sign a Swedish collective agreement. Even though Swedish labour law includes an obligation to maintain industrial peace it is not valid for foreign companies. In the Laval- case the European court of justice judge that the Lex Britannia principles is not consistent with EC- law and that the Swedish labour law violate the principles of free movement and the posting of workers directive. By comparing the Swedish labour laws and regulations on collective agreements, laws and regulations on remuneration to the Latvian labour laws and regulations on collective agreements and laws and regulations on remuneration, the study have shown that the countries have a lot in common at the same time they differ quite allot. The similarities may in many cases be an effect of the common EC- laws and regulations. The conclusion came to be that do to its history of forming and develop the rules and regulations of the Swedish labour market the Swedish trade unions have a strong position in the Swedish labour market. The Swedish labour market may therefore show tendencies of protectionism at the same time that the young labour market, the young labour laws and weak trade unions of Latvia shows tendencies of social dumping.

<p>After the last European Union expansion the east European countries became members of the European Union. This meant that they would become apart of the Schengen agreement and that they would be able to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. This came as a shock to</p><p>the Scandinavian trade unions that were worried that work migration would escalate, and that it would lead to social dumping, which would make the working conditions worse for the native workers. .</p><p>The Swedish labour market is build up by the principal of negotiations. The evolution of the labour laws comes from the rules and regulations of collective agreements.</p><p>The Lex Britannia principal was made to regulate the working conditions for guest workers in Sweden, by making it possible for trade unions to take industrial action against foreign companies to make them sign a Swedish collective agreement.</p><p>Even though Swedish labour law includes an obligation to maintain industrial peace it is not valid for foreign companies. In the Laval- case the European court of justice judge that the Lex Britannia principles is not consistent with EC- law and that the Swedish labour law violate the principles of free movement and the posting of workers directive.</p><p>By comparing the Swedish labour laws and regulations on collective agreements, laws and regulations on remuneration to the Latvian labour laws and regulations on collective agreements and laws and regulations on remuneration, the study have shown that the countries have a lot in common at the same time they differ quite allot. The similarities may in many cases be an effect of the common EC- laws and regulations.</p><p>The conclusion came to be that do to its history of forming and develop the rules and regulations of the Swedish labour market the Swedish trade unions have a strong position in the Swedish labour market. The Swedish labour market may therefore show</p><p>tendencies of protectionism at the same time that the young labour market, the young labour laws and weak trade unions of Latvia shows tendencies of social dumping.</p>

Rapport de stage (DCB) : Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques : Villeurbanne (France) : 2001. / Notes bibliogr.

Arbetet berör konflikten mellan rättigheten att vidta kollektiva stridsåtgärder och EU-rättens regler om friheten att tillhandahålla tjänster. EU-domstolen har i Lavaldomen underkänt Sveriges implementering av utstationeringsdirektivet, som innehåller bestämmelser om minimikrav som en medlemsstat måste garantera utstationerade arbetstagare. Domstolens tolkning av utstationeringsdirektivet har kritiserats och menats leda till social dumpning, då domstolen bestämmer att de garanterade villkoren inte bara utgör minimikrav utan även maximikrav. En stridsåtgärd får således inte vidtas i syfte att åstadkomma kollektivavtalsförhandlingar för villkor som är mer förmånliga än de som garanteras enligt direktivet. I analysen konstateras först att EU-domstolen har underordnat arbetsrätten utan något ordentligt lagstöd för detta och att avvägningen därför tycks vara motiverad av rättspolitiska skäl snarare än juridiska. Detta, enligt mig, olyckliga rättsläget kvarstår än idag trots Lissabonfördragets ikraftträdande. Förändringarna för arbetsrätten i fördraget är små och Monti-II-förordningen tycks bekräfta min uppfattning att dessa inte innebär någon reell förändring av rättsläget. Förordningen, som anger att områdena ska samspela med varandra, framstår som uddlös och är enligt mig närmast en kodifiering av Lavaldomen. Kompetensen att göra avvägningar mellan områdena kommer även fortsättningsvis att hamna hos EU-domstolen. Enligt mig bör förordningen revideras och tydligt deklarera att rättigheten till kollektiva stridsåtgärder måste förbli oinskränkt även gentemot friheten att tillhandahålla tjänster. Åtminstone skulle förordningen kunna fastställa tydliga riktlinjer för hur avvägningar mellan områdena ska ske, vilket minskar domstolens handlingsutrymme. / This paper concerns the conflict between the right to collective action and the Unions provisions on the freedom to provide services. The EU Court has, in the Laval judgment, rejected Sweden's implementation of the posting of workers directive, which provides for minimum requirements that a member state must guarantee posted workers. The Court's interpretation of the Posting of Workers Directive has been criticized and been said to lead to social dumping since the court rules that the guaranteed conditions not only are minimum but also maximum requirements. Any collective action must therefore not be taken in order to achieve collective bargaining for terms more favorable than those guaranteed by the directive. In the analysis it is first noted that the EU Court has subordinated the labor law without any solid legal support for this and that the ruling thus seems to be justified by politics rather than juridical. This, in my opinion, unfortunate legal situation persists today despite the Lisbon Treaty's effect. The changes concerning labour law in the treaty are small and the Monti-II-regulation seems to confirm my opinion that these do not provide any real change to the legal situation. The latter, which states that the areas should respect each other, seems pointless and resemble, in my opinion, closely a codification of the Laval judgment. The EU Court will still have the competence to set the balance between these areas. In my opinion, the regulation should be revised and clearly declare that the right to take collective action must remain unrestricted, even against the freedom to provide services. At least should the regulation establish clear guidelines for how the balance between these two shall be handled, thereby reducing the Court's discretion.

?? travers ce m??moire, nous avons tent?? de r??pondre ?? la question suivante : comment ??volue et se module la conscience internationale dans la presse ??tudiante au Qu??bec de 1945 ?? 1969 en ??tudiant le cas du journal ??tudiant Le Carabin de l???Universit?? Laval. Pour r??pondre ?? notre interrogation, nous avons articul?? notre argumentaire en trois parties. Trois chapitres qui d??montrent ?? la fois l?????volution et la modulation de cette conscience internationale per??ue ?? travers l???analyse du journal ??tudiant. Dans un premier temps, nous verrons comment les ??tudiants qu??b??cois, ?? la suite de la Deuxi??me Guerre mondiale, mettent sur pied des organisations s???inspirant des structures mises en place par les dirigeants de l?????poque (ONU, Plan Marshall, Plan Colombo). Ensuite, dans le deuxi??me chapitre, la conscience internationale se tourne vers les pays en processus d???autod??termination. Sans d??laisser totalement les principes mis sur pied dans les ann??es d???apr??s-guerre, les pages du journal Le Carabin d??montrent un int??r??t pour les d??colonisations. Intimement li??s au contexte qu??b??cois de la R??volution tranquille, les ??tudiants voudront, tout en manifestant l???envie d???une plus grande autonomie, venir en aide aux pays qui tentent de se lib??rer du joug imp??rialiste. Le mouvement ??tudiant se radicalise. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, nous verrons l???apog??e de la conscience internationale. L???int??r??t des ??tudiants se tourne d??sormais vers le syndicalisme de l???UGEQ qui porte une attention particuli??re ?? l???actualit?? internationale. Les ??tats-Unis et la guerre du Vietnam seront au c??ur des d??bats et manifestations et Le Carabin en fera abondamment mention. Le m??moire se conclut sur la chute momentan??e de cet int??r??t pour l???international, ?? la fin des ann??es 1960, une r??alit?? dont nous tenterons de comprendre les raisons.

Thèse (de maîtrise)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 151-162. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 23 mars 2004). Bibliogr.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1998. / Bibliogr.: f. [141]-146. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. 79-86. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (de maîtrise)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. 87-89. Publié aussi en version électronique.