By relying mainly on court cases and interviews with pentiti (people who turned state's evidence), this thesis shows that the role of women in the Italian mafia has significantly changed since 1945. Beyond performing their traditional role, including transmitting mafia values, encouraging vendetta, guaranteeing men's honour and participating in arranged marriages, women started to be involved in criminal activities. Through an historical approach, this thesis demonstrates that changes in the mafia in terms of businesses and structure, and changes in Italian women's conditions have been contributory factors to the above process. This thesis identifies those historical conjunctures where the supply and demand of female labour met within the last thirty years. Since the 1970s, the expansion of drug trafficking and the subsequent accumulation of vast sums of money to be recycled led the mafia to employ women who were also trustworthy and above suspicion. The mafia's need to involve women occurred also in the early 1980s and in the early-mid 1990s when the state improved its battle against the mafia. As many mafia bosses were imprisoned or went underground women assumed temporary leadership positions. The mafia's need for workers was concomitant with the changes in women's conditions in the legal world, resulting in the gradual dissolution of gender barriers and the growth of female education, which made women more likely to be employed by organised crime. This thesis argues that the new female participation in the mafia was not the result of a concession of equality within the mafia labour market. General indicators, such as the persistence of patriarchal relations and women's economic dependence, temporary allocation of power to women during periods of emergency, use of female labour in low profile jobs, and exclusion of women from career opportunities, suggest that the increasing public presence of women in the mafia, beyond mere supportive and private roles, was the result of a process of female `pseudo-emancipation'. On the contrary, women who turned state's evidence were examples of female liberation since they chose to reject the male dominated mafia system.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Jay Corzine. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).

The main purpose of this thesis is to illustrate Sciascia's work concerning the "mafia". It implies a previous discussion on the mafia and why no government could destroy it . It also points out its relationship with the Sicilia society and other countries on earth. The introduction gives an account of the history of Sicily and its invaders throughout the centuries. The formation of the old law of "omerta" (conspiracy of silence) developed as a defense and protection against the harsh rule of the Spaniards who dominated the island continually from the fifteenth century till 1860. This old law became the basic principle of the mafia as illustrated in the four novels written by Leonardo Sciascia. The titles are as follows: 1. II giorno della civetta (The Day of the Owl); 2. A ciascuno i l suo (To Each his Own); 3. Todo modo (One Way or Another); 4. II contesto (Equal Danger). The structure of each novel is the same as generally found in the detective story genre but without any denouement. The first chapter deals with "II giorno della civetta" where examples of local mafia are illustrated including the struggle for justice. Sciascia shows the structure of the mafia in a small Sicilian town. The second chapter analyzes the novel "A ciascuno i l suo" where the mafia infiltrates the government and many political sectors. In chapter four "II contesto" one encounters an urban, cosmopolitan system of corruption involving the elite class of judges and high political party leaders. Sciascia challenges the very institution of justice, political parties and the government at large. He takes on himself the responsibility, as writer, to push for the recognition of moral values of a society and an era. The epilogue covers the efforts of the "Antimafia" men in their attempt to put down the mafia. The end covers the international mafia and its criminal underground activities such as the drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, etc. Various antimafia personalities have been killed in this campaign and the struggle continues today in spite of many "mafia bosses" having been arrested.

The main purpose of this thesis is to illustrate Sciascia's work concerning the "mafia". It implies a previous discussion on the mafia and why no government could destroy it . It also points out its relationship with the Sicilia society and other countries on earth. The introduction gives an account of the history of Sicily and its invaders throughout the centuries. The formation of the old law of "omerta" (conspiracy of silence) developed as a defense and protection against the harsh rule of the Spaniards who dominated the island continually from the fifteenth century till 1860. This old law became the basic principle of the mafia as illustrated in the four novels written by Leonardo Sciascia. The titles are as follows: 1. II giorno della civetta (The Day of the Owl); 2. A ciascuno i l suo (To Each his Own); 3. Todo modo (One Way or Another); 4. II contesto (Equal Danger). The structure of each novel is the same as generally found in the detective story genre but without any denouement. The first chapter deals with "II giorno della civetta" where examples of local mafia are illustrated including the struggle for justice. Sciascia shows the structure of the mafia in a small Sicilian town. The second chapter analyzes the novel "A ciascuno i l suo" where the mafia infiltrates the government and many political sectors. In chapter four "II contesto" one encounters an urban, cosmopolitan system of corruption involving the elite class of judges and high political party leaders. Sciascia challenges the very institution of justice, political parties and the government at large. He takes on himself the responsibility, as writer, to push for the recognition of moral values of a society and an era. The epilogue covers the efforts of the "Antimafia" men in their attempt to put down the mafia. The end covers the international mafia and its criminal underground activities such as the drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, etc. Various antimafia personalities have been killed in this campaign and the struggle continues today in spite of many "mafia bosses" having been arrested. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Máfia será uma expressão abordada neste trabalho como uma concepção verbo-substantivo, tendo em vista o funcionamento do sistema capitalista, na lógica de possibilidades de investimento, envolvendo personagens mafiosos e práticas mafiosas, por isso a intenção de selar o verbo ao substantivo, visando estabelecer a imanência entre os indivíduos e suas ações, a fim de evitar análises baseadas em estereotipias de certos grupos, enquanto outros permanecem incólumes diante aos olhos da sociedade e inatingíveis diante da justiça, em razão da posição que ocupam. Assim, a dimensão será a de considerar a pessoa que mafia como mafioso, independentemente de seu status social, envolto no poder de influência, dimensão esta capaz de distingui-lo do mafioso clássico (o bandido oficial). Contudo, essa alteridade não o diferencia, apesar de não dominar os códigos, de não participar dos rituais e nem compactuar do estilo de vida produzido pelos criminosos latu sensu. As práticas esboçadas pelos arautos da economia e da política formal serão decodificadas como mafiosas ao longo dos seis capítulos que compõem esta tese. Geograficamente, a intenção desta pesquisa visa examinar a territorialidade dos lugares mafiosos do mundo contemporâneo, suas redes, seu entrelaçamento e suas implicações na economia dita formal, trabalho realizado a partir da aplicação clássica de conceitos já construídos sobre o tema e ensaiando a elaboração de outros. Pela raiz do trabalho se fará necessário um diálogo com outros campos do conhecimento, a fim de melhor visualizar a leitura geopolítica do mundo mafio-contemporâneo em sua complexa socioespacialidade. / The term Balkanization as proposed by Norberto Bobbio. Corresponds to the idea to characterize a division of continental, subcontinental or regional units politically separated or hostile towards one another. Such concept is associated to the balkanic region during the Balkan Wars, between 1912 and 1913 which fragmented nations into distinct political units and the prevailing process of relationship among new State-institutions. Nevertheless, the title of this research as the result of the project, grants to the concept double connotation. Hence, Balkanization in itself means the fragmentation within nations per se. However, it prioritizes former segretating process, chiefly those occurred post- Balkan Wars, identifying characters and movements of extensive dismantling power, and tries to disprove some truths long regarded as absolute ones, such as the one concerning the Muslim Turkish people seen as blood-thirsty and the Roman Catholic Church as libertarian. The second term \"Balcanization\" intends to focus on the world wide understanding of the Balkans, a spetacular image, revealing the generally accepted analysis of the region. The work by Maria Todorova - Imagining the Balkans - was an essencial reference towards the demystification of the expression, whose connotation has always carried a great deal of prejudice and derrogattory perspective, particularly as long as the territory once named Yugoslavia, which is the object of this research, is concerned. By limitating the studied perspective above to the Yugoslavia case and covering such fields as the local, the regional and global spheres, the title of this research intends to enlighten and define both senses, the object and its image, apprehending as accurately as possible its diversity of meanings, thus: From Balkanization to \"Balkanization\".

No description available.

KiNgome is a dialect of Kiswahili spoken in the nothern part of Mafia Island. KiNgome is spoken by almost all categories of people in the Ngome area.

Máfia será uma expressão abordada neste trabalho como uma concepção verbo-substantivo, tendo em vista o funcionamento do sistema capitalista, na lógica de possibilidades de investimento, envolvendo personagens mafiosos e práticas mafiosas, por isso a intenção de selar o verbo ao substantivo, visando estabelecer a imanência entre os indivíduos e suas ações, a fim de evitar análises baseadas em estereotipias de certos grupos, enquanto outros permanecem incólumes diante aos olhos da sociedade e inatingíveis diante da justiça, em razão da posição que ocupam. Assim, a dimensão será a de considerar a pessoa que mafia como mafioso, independentemente de seu status social, envolto no poder de influência, dimensão esta capaz de distingui-lo do mafioso clássico (o bandido oficial). Contudo, essa alteridade não o diferencia, apesar de não dominar os códigos, de não participar dos rituais e nem compactuar do estilo de vida produzido pelos criminosos latu sensu. As práticas esboçadas pelos arautos da economia e da política formal serão decodificadas como mafiosas ao longo dos seis capítulos que compõem esta tese. Geograficamente, a intenção desta pesquisa visa examinar a territorialidade dos lugares mafiosos do mundo contemporâneo, suas redes, seu entrelaçamento e suas implicações na economia dita formal, trabalho realizado a partir da aplicação clássica de conceitos já construídos sobre o tema e ensaiando a elaboração de outros. Pela raiz do trabalho se fará necessário um diálogo com outros campos do conhecimento, a fim de melhor visualizar a leitura geopolítica do mundo mafio-contemporâneo em sua complexa socioespacialidade. / The term Balkanization as proposed by Norberto Bobbio. Corresponds to the idea to characterize a division of continental, subcontinental or regional units politically separated or hostile towards one another. Such concept is associated to the balkanic region during the Balkan Wars, between 1912 and 1913 which fragmented nations into distinct political units and the prevailing process of relationship among new State-institutions. Nevertheless, the title of this research as the result of the project, grants to the concept double connotation. Hence, Balkanization in itself means the fragmentation within nations per se. However, it prioritizes former segretating process, chiefly those occurred post- Balkan Wars, identifying characters and movements of extensive dismantling power, and tries to disprove some truths long regarded as absolute ones, such as the one concerning the Muslim Turkish people seen as blood-thirsty and the Roman Catholic Church as libertarian. The second term \"Balcanization\" intends to focus on the world wide understanding of the Balkans, a spetacular image, revealing the generally accepted analysis of the region. The work by Maria Todorova - Imagining the Balkans - was an essencial reference towards the demystification of the expression, whose connotation has always carried a great deal of prejudice and derrogattory perspective, particularly as long as the territory once named Yugoslavia, which is the object of this research, is concerned. By limitating the studied perspective above to the Yugoslavia case and covering such fields as the local, the regional and global spheres, the title of this research intends to enlighten and define both senses, the object and its image, apprehending as accurately as possible its diversity of meanings, thus: From Balkanization to \"Balkanization\".

This article considers what might be meant by Swahili cultures and Swahili identities. It regards neither concept as fixed, but as constituting a repertoire from which people choose strategically, depending not only upon location and historical time, but also upon social context. The processes of constituting cultures and identities are part of the making of meaning, a process in which, as will be seen, there are important continuities, ruptures and contradictions. With its attention to detail and its ability to give voice to the local, ethnography plays an important role in understanding the construction of both cultures and identities. In this paper, ethnographic examples are drawn both from my own fieldwork on Mafia Island, Tanzania, begun in 1965, and from the work of other anthropologists and scholars who have carried out research on the East African coast and islands.

This article considers what might be meant by Swahili cultures and Swahili identities. It regards neither concept as fixed, but as constituting a repertoire from which people choose strategically, depending not only upon location and historical time, but also upon social context. The processes of constituting cultures and identities are part of the making of meaning, a process in which, as will be seen, there are important continuities, ruptures and contradictions. With its attention to detail and its ability to give voice to the local, ethnography plays an important role in understanding the construction of both cultures and identities. In this paper, ethnographic examples are drawn both from my own fieldwork on Mafia Island, Tanzania, begun in 1965, and from the work of other anthropologists and scholars who have carried out research on the East African coast and islands.