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A disproportionate number of Americans drive to work alone – at the individual state level, the figure ranges from a low of 58% in New York to 85% in Alabama. What factors explain this travel behavior and what sort of policy responses are required to effect changes? In responding to this question, we used multiple test beds and made the case for a demand side management approach to remedy parking problems particularly observed in cities central business districts. To this end, we provide an overview of travel behavior and information on policy levers by generating detailed profiles that capture the travel behavior of commuters in the Pacific states of the continental United States. Building off the result that revealed San Francisco as an outlier, we examine the efficacy of modifying parking rates, via elasticity measures, to influence the demand for parking by developing a two-stage panel data regression optimization model for managing parking in the City of San Francisco. A key contribution of the research is deriving these price elasticities of parking demand estimates using panel data methods. Coefficient estimates from the panel data regression are used to fit a linear prediction model that is the primary input to the optimization model. The balance of the thesis focuses on parking information by discussing the design and implementation of ParkPGH, a novel smart parking application that provides real time and predictive information on garage parking availability in downtown Pittsburgh. At its core is a predictive model that uses as input historical parking, weather and event data to provide estimates of available parking spaces. We provide an example of the model implementation using data from the Theater Square garage where we utilize neural network-based predictors and multiple net searches to generate both continuous and binary estimates of parking availability. Provision was made for the binary classifier given the need to reduce the possibility of Type II errors.

L'augmentation des charges électriques embarquées dans l'avion « plus électrique » impose une vigilance accrue au niveau de la compatibilité électromagnétique. L'utilisation d'alimentations à découpage, nécessaires à la commande en vitesse des actionneurs électromécaniques, entraîne la circulation de courant de mode commun dans les câbles de puissance et donc la création de champs électromagnétiques. Les tolérances d'émission des équipements électriques aéronautiques proviennent la norme aéronautique civile DO-160E. Cette étude nous a permis de prédire les modes de rayonnement de plusieurs architectures de connexions des câbles de puissance parcourus par les signaux de l'électronique de puissance, dans les conditions spécifiques imposées par la norme DO-160E et selon leur mode de connexion à la masse. Nous présentons dans un premier temps la modélisation d'un système électrique constitué d'un convertisseur statique à configuration versatile, d'un câble de puissance ainsi que d'une charge. Cette modélisation est ensuite utilisée pour déterminer le champ électromagnétique rayonné par les câbles de puissance. Dans un deuxième temps, nous validons les résultats théoriques par des mesures de champ sur un banc d'essai versatile et représentatif. / The growing-up of electrical loads embarked on the "more electric" aircraft imposes to pay more and more attention for the electromagnetic compatibility. The use of power electronics converters to drive electromechanic actuators, involves the flowing of common mode currents in power cables and the whole systems, and consequently the generation of electromagnetic fields. The tolerances on emissions of the aeronautical electric equipments results in the civil aeronautical standard DO-160E. This study allows us to predict the modes of radiation of several architectures of connections of power cables supplied by power electronics signaIs, in the specific conditions imposed by the standard DO-160E and according to their mode of connection to ground. We present at first the modelling of an electrical system constituted by a static converter with a versatile configuration, a power cable and an electrical load. This modelling is used to determine the electromagnetic field radiated by the power cable. Secondly, we validate the theoretical results by measurements of radiated H and E fields on a versatile and representative bench test.

A research report subuutted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Degree awarded with distinction / This report describes a dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) - based call admission protocol tor distributed multimedia over ATM networks. The protocol incorporates the innovative idea of an extended QoS. This is a composite term which takes account of not only classic QoS multimedia measures, but also of the human aspect of the interaction through human receptivity. For this scenario, different QoS negotiation strategies have been formulated and then simulated with a view towards the establishment of a protocol knowledge base. Separately, a session pricing policy has been elaborated and its effect on user behaviour and network resource allocation studied. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Le secteur du transport aérien est de nos jours en plein essor, avec encore une augmentation du nombre de vols et de passagers au fil des ans. Cependant, cette croissance a des conséquences sur l’environnement car elle contribue à l’intensification des émissions de particules solides dans l’atmosphère. Ces dernières sont impliquées dans de nombreux processus physico-chimiques qui peuvent impacter le forçage radiatif atmosphérique, la formation des nuages et leur durée de vie. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux particules de suies analogues à celles émises par les moteurs d’avion lors de la combustion incomplète de carburant. Ces particules, une fois émises dans la troposphère, sont susceptibles de favoriser la formation des cristaux de glace en agissant comme noyaux glaçogènes, produisant ainsi une trainée de condensation pouvant persister et évoluer en nuage de type cirrus. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons développé le dispositif IDroNES (Ice and Droplet Nucleation Experimental Setup), que nous avons conçu pour étudier les phénomènes de nucléation par mode dépôt (la nucléation est induite directement à partir de la vapeur d’eau) à température et pression contrôlées. De manière à pouvoir interpréter l’activité des échantillons étudiés en tant que noyau glaçogène, une analyse détaillée des propriétés physico-chimiques (morphologie, structure et composition chimique) des particules de suies est effectuée en parallèle, principalement par micro-spectrométrie Raman et par analyses des données de la littérature existante sur ces mêmes échantillons. L’objectif est d’établir un lien entre les propriétés physico-chimiques des particules de suies et leurs capacités glaçogènes. / Nowadays, the air transport sector is still booming with an increasing number of flights and passengers over the years. This has consequences for the environment because it contributes to the intensification of emissions of solid particles in the atmosphere. In fact, these particles are involved in many physical and chemical processes that can affect the atmospheric radiative forcing, or even the formation of clouds and their lifetime expectancy. Our work focuses on aircraft soot particles analogs, i.e., particles similar to those emitted by aircraft engines during the incomplete combustion of kerosene fuel. These particles, once released in the troposphere, act as nucleating agents and promote the formation of ice crystals. Hence, they favor the formation of contrails that may persist and further evolve into cirrus clouds. To assess how efficient different soot particles are at nucleating ice crystals upon water vapor exposure, we designed and developed IDroNES (Ice and Droplet Nucleation Experimental Setup). This device enables nucleation experiments to be performed in deposition mode at controlled temperature, pressure, and humidity ratios. To interpret ice nucleation activities of various soot samples, detailed analyses of their physico-chemical properties (morphology, structure and chemical composition) were performed using Raman micro-spectrometry and data provided in the scientific literature. The goal is to establish a link between the physicochemical properties of soot particles and their ice nucleation activity.

by Cheng Siu Lung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABBREVIATION --- p.3 / INTRODUCTION --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1 --- Wireless ATM for multimedia application --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Challenges in Wireless ATM --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Outline of thesis --- p.14 / PREDICTIVE QUEUING MULTIPLE ACCESS --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Protocol for Mobile to Base --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Scheduling Protocol at the Base Station --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo code --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- FEC and ARQ methodologies --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Experimental Results --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.34 / FUNDAMENTALS OF THE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION MEDIUM --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Error control and channel capacity --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Capacity of fading channel --- p.39 / ITERATIVE CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR TURBO CODE FOR FREQUENCY HOPPED MULTIPLE ACCESSING --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2. --- Turbo code structures --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3 --- System Model --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4 --- Iterative Channel Estimator --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5 --- Turbo decoding with iterative channel estimation --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6 --- Simulation Results --- p.58 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.63 / DUMMY BITS INSERTED TURBO CODE --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2 --- Weight Distribution of turbo codes --- p.66 / Chapter 5.3 --- Encoding with dummy bit insertion --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Dummy bit insertion methodology --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Hybrid Periodic Random Interleaver --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Dummy bit removal before transmission --- p.71 / Chapter 5.4 --- Decoding with dummy signal enhancement --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Weight distribution of dummy bit inserted turbo coding --- p.76 / Chapter 5.6 --- Simulation results --- p.77 / Chapter 5.7 --- Summary --- p.79 / REFERENCES --- p.81