La producción de residuos sólidos en Perú ha alcanzado niveles críticos. Casi a diario, en todo el país, se produce un total de 18 mil toneladas de basura. A su vez, más de la mitad de esta se concentra en las provincias de Lima y Callao (El Comercio, 16.11.2018). A nivel local la situación se torna aún más compleja. Conformada por 43 municipios, Lima se enfrenta la producción de residuos de diversas formas, dependiendo de cada gestión municipal. Algunos gobiernos han obtenido resultados favorables y otros no. Dentro de este último grupo se ubica la administración de Elías Cuba Bautista, quien fuera alcalde del distrito de La Victoria desde el año 2015 hasta mediados del año 2018. A pesar de tener una asignación presupuestal con tendencias crecientes para la limpieza pública, La Victoria mantiene una calificación negativa en este rubro de forma sostenida, además de contar con una serie de zonas críticas que afectan los derechos de los ciudadanos que en ella habitan y transitan. En ese sentido, la presente tesis tiene por finalidad identificar los factores que determinan la gestión de residuos sólidos en el distrito de La Victoria en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2015 al 2018. Siendo así, el argumento de esta investigación es que la presencia de la corrupción, así como de una precaria institucionalidad, convierten la prestación del servicio de limpieza pública en uno deficiente.

La presente investigación busca identificar los factores que determinan el crecimiento empresarial de las microempresas de confección del Emporio de Gamarra, a partir de un modelo referencial adaptado al contexto del sujeto de estudio. El constructo utilizado para el estudio está orientado en el modelo teórico de Ansoff (1965), adaptado por Okpara y Wynn (2007), en el cual se categorizan los factores de crecimiento en: operativos, estratégicos, administrativos y externos. De esta manera, se identificaron variables de medición para cada uno de los factores mediante la revisión de data empírica, validada para el contexto específico por expertos en Gestión Empresarial. El estudio utiliza un enfoque mixto secuencial de tipo Quan-qual con un alcance descriptivo y correlacional que analiza aspectos específicos de las variables. La información fue recogida mediante la aplicación de 248 encuestas, 4 entrevistas exploratorias a conductores/ responsables de gestión de las microempresas de confección en el Emporio de Gamarra, y entrevistas a profundidad a 6 expertos en gestión estratégica y microempresas. El análisis factorial arrojó el reagrupamiento de variables en cuatro factores. De ellos, solo los factores Operaciones Básicas (ocho variables) y Marketing (seis variables) contaron con la consistencia interna suficiente para el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. El modelo resultante explicó el 92,6% de la variabilidad del promedio de la medida del crecimiento Ventas Anuales. Así, la investigación permite conocer aquellos factores y variables determinantes en el crecimiento de microempresas de confección en Gamarra en el 2017, esperando que ello brinde información valiosa a los principales actores para la generación de estrategias que permitan aumentar la productividad y competitividad de los negocios del sector.

La fase de implementación de la política pública pone especial énfasis en la coordinación intergubernamental como una condición para solucionar el problema público y las necesidades de la población. El Plan Distrital de Seguridad Ciudadana como política pública tiene como actividad obligatoria la ejecución del patrullaje integrado y como tal se convierte en un espacio de coordinación entre las Comisarías y el Serenazgo municipal.

Tras la reforma de descentralización en 2002, los avances en materia social y política en el Perú han presentado diversos retos vinculados a la democracia y derechos. En ese aspecto, la corrupción se sitúa como un problema sistémico que ha afectado la legitimidad en el sistema y en los procesos democráticos. Así, los factores y las distintas modalidades e interacciones de corrupción han sido estudiadas a partir de factores exógenos, vinculados a las consecuencias de las políticas, instituciones, autoridades subnacionales y la presencia de economías ilegales. Sin embargo, pocas investigaciones se han centrado en explorar factores endógenos como la estructura económica del territorio y el rol de la burocracia. Es a partir de estos procesos que el estudio en los gobiernos locales se vuelve pertinente, siendo entidades en el cimiento del ordenamiento territorial peruano y canales directos de participación ciudadana en los asuntos públicos (Vega et.al, 2020). Así, en este trabajo de investigación se propone analizar los mecanismos de corrupción y las condiciones que propician la aparición y una mayor vulnerabilidad a dichos actos en la política subnacional. Asimismo, se hace énfasis en el estudio del caso de los “Intocables Ediles”, red ilícita que cooptó la municipalidad de La Victoria (2016-2018) dedicada al cobro de cupos, extorsión y amenazas a informales de Gamarra, los mecanismos de corrupción y las condiciones que lo permiten.

Beacon Supergroup rocks of probable Devonian age, containing conglomerate clasts of lithologies unknown in outcrop in southern Victoria Land (SVL) occur in the St Johns Range to Bull Pass Region, SVL, Antarctica. The Lower Taylor Group sedimentary rocks, herein called the Sperm Bluff Formation, unconformably rest on the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface that truncates local basement. The basement complex includes three Plutonic Suites, Dry Valley (DV) 1a, DVIb and DV2 of the Granite Harbour Intrusives that intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Koettlitz Group. Allibone et al. (1993b) suggested a SVL terrane accretion event may have occurred about the same time as accretion of a terrane known as the Bowers terrane in northern Victoria Land (NVL) based on changing chemistry of the CambroOrdovician granitoids. Further, it is suggested that conglomerate clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation may have been derived from this postulated terrane (Allibone et al., 1993b; and Turnbull et al., 1994). Following extensive fieldwork provenance studies and basin analysis of the sedimentary Sperm Bluff Formation are used here to test these ideas. The Sperm Bluff Conglomerate of Turnbull et al. (1994) is re-interpreted as the Sperm Bluff Formation and described using a lithofacies-based approach. The Sperm Bluff Formation is divided into six lithofacies including 1) Conglomerate Lithofacies; 2) Pebbly Sandstone Lithofacies; 3) Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies; 4) Parallelbedded Lithofacies; 5) Low-angle Crossbedded Lithofacies; and 6) Interbedded Siltstone/Sandstone Lithofacies. The intimate field association of the Conglomerate, Pebbly Sandstone and Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies ties them to the Conglomerate Lithofacies Association whereas the other three units are independent. The Conglomerate Lithofacies Association is interpreted to represent a wavedominated deltaic environment, based on the presence of broad channels, pervasive crossbedding, paleocurrent and trace fossil data. Both Parallel-bedded and Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies are interpreted as a foreshore-shore face shallow marine setting on the basis of low-angle crossbeds and trace fossil assemblages. The Interbedded Siltstone and Sandstone Lithofacies is interpreted as an estuarine environment based on alternating siltstone/sandstone beds and the presence of flaser and lenticular bedding, small crossbedded dune sets, mud drapes, syneresis cracks and diverse paleocurrent directions. An estuarine setting is tentatively favoured over a lagoonal setting due to the presence of syneresis cracks small channels and the proximity to a river delta. I suggest that the Sperm Bluff Formation is likely a lateral correlative of the Altar Mt Formation of the Middle Taylor Group, in particular the Odin Arkose Member. This interpretation is based on arkosic nature of the sedimentary rocks, regional paleocurrent patterns, the presence of salmon pink grits at Gargoyle Turrets and trace fossil assemblages. The upper most lithofacies at Mt Suess, the Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies that only occurs at this site is- suggested as a lateral correlative to the Arena Sandstone, which stratigraphically overlies the Altar Mt Formation, based on quartzose composition, clay matrix, stratigraphic position and trace fossils present. Provenance analysis was carried out on sedimentary rocks and conglomerate clasts using clasts counts of conglomerates, petrographic analysis of clasts, point counts of sandstones and clasts, geochemistry and V-Pb detrital zircon analysis. Conglomerate clasts lithologies include dominantly silicic igneous clasts and finely crystalline quartzite clast amongst other subordinate lithologies such as vein quartz, schist, schorl rock, gneiss and sandstone. Despite past identification of granitoid clasts in the Sperm Bluff Formation (Turnbull et al., 1994), none were found. Rhyolitic clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation have compositions typical of highly evolved subduction related rocks, although they have undergone post-emplacement silicification. Wysoczanski et al. (2003) date rhyolite and tuff clasts between 497±17 Ma and 492±8 Ma, placing them within error of all three Dry Valley Magmatic Suites and removing the likelihood of correlation to NVL volcanic rocks. Petrographic analysis suggests they are components of a silicic magmatic complex. Chemically the volcanic clasts appear to represent a single magmatic suite (Sperm Bluff Clast Suite), and are clearly related to the Dry Valley Plutonic Suites. Although clasts are not constrained beyond doubt to one Suite, DV2 is the best match. Quartzite clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation are too pure and old to be derived from a local source. Detrital zircon V-Pb ages for the quartzite suggest zircons were derived from the East Antarctic Craton, and that the quartzite source rocks were deposited prior to the Ross-Delamarian Orogeny. Quartzite with a similar age signature has not been identified; however, the Junction Formation sandstone of northwest Nelson has a similar age spectrum. Sandstones from the Sperm Bluff Formation indicate derivation from a felsic continental block provenance, which contain elements of volcanic, hyperbyssal and plutonic rocks. They are arkosic to quartzose in composition and conspicuously lack plagioclase. Detrital zircon analyses give a strong 500 Ma peak in all 3 samples, characteristic of a Ross-Delamarian Orogen source, with few other peaks. The dominance of a single peak is highly suggestive oflocal derivation. The sedimentary rocks of the Sperm Bluff Formation are interpreted to be derived predominantly from the basement rocks they now overlie. The presence of the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface at the lower contact of the Beacon Supergroup rocks implies an intermediate source must have existed. This most likely contained all components of the formation. I suggest that the DV2 Suite was emplaced in a subsiding, extensional intra-arc setting. Erosion of the uplifted arc region probably occurred from Late Ordovician to Silurian times with deposition of sediments in a subsiding intra-arc basin. Erosion of the rhyolitic complex in this region probably occurred, however, it is likely that some was preserved. Inversion of this basin prior to the Devonian probably provided the means for these sediments to be deposited as the Sperm Bluff Fonnation.

The importance of the microbial food web and how it interplays with the classical food chain has gained considerable attention in temperate lakes. However its role in carbon transfer from pico- and nanoplankton to zooplankton and planktivores is relatively unknown in tropical lakes. Sampling of the microbial food web and experiments to estimate the growth rate and fate of its components were performed in Lake Victoria, East Africa, during the mixing season (May to August) 2002. Bacterioplankton and ciliate densities in Napoleon Gulf ranged from 6. 2 to 14. 9 cells x 10⁶&bull;mL^-1 and 51. 9 to 75. 2 cells&bull;mL^-1, respectively. Flagellate abundance was high, ranging from 70. 4 to 127. 9 cells x 10³&bull;mL^-1. Small flagellates, tentatively called Choanoflagellida, dominated the flagellate community by abundance and biomass. Bacterial growth rates were low, yet high abundance and cell size resulted in high bacterial production representing 24 to 38% of phytoplankton production. Protozoan growth rates and production are similar to values reported for other African lakes and the Laurentian Great Lakes. Protozoa were the dominant grazers of bacteria with grazing pressure switching from protozoa > 5 ??m in June to protozoa < 5 ??m (presumably flagellates) in July. In July, grazing on flagellates was from predators < 40 ??m, probably ciliates, while the ciliate community was grazed by > 40-??m plankton. Given that plankton of Lake Victoria is dominated by colonial cyanobacteria and raptorial zooplankton, protozoa could be an important pathway in the pelagic food web of Lake Victoria, East Africa.

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Book Summary:A comprehensive two-volume overview and analysis of all facets of espionage in the American historical experience, focusing on key individuals and technologies.

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Worldwide, governments and representatives of the community sector believe that the adoption of ICT by community-sector organisations is important because it contributes to the achievement of mission, strategic and business objectives, and benefits the communities those organisations serve. However, despite the fact that many organisations have developed innovative ICT applications, most experience problems in taking up ICT (Burt & Taylor 1999, Surman 2001, DCITA 2005b). This thesis explores the conditions for success and barriers to the take-up and effective use of information and communications technology (ICT), specifically websites and online services, by community-based non-profit organisations, using a study of seventeen organisations based in rural and regional Victoria in Australia, and Tuscany in Italy. In particular, it examines the structural barriers and the inter-organisational relationships that act to facilitate the take-up, or otherwise, of technology by community sector non-profit organisations. The study adopts a grounded theory approach, based on a two-stage data analysis: using the LIAISE framework for the take-up of ICT (Schauder et al. 2005), to identify the factors or conditions that contribute to the development of effective, sustainable websites; and social network analysis to explore the extent to which organisational networks enable the achievement of those conditions. The broad aims of this approach are to enable the evaluation of the existing LIAISE framework and to develop it as a more dynamic systems model capable of serving as a guide to policy and action. The study finds that although the LIAISE framework provides a good taxonomy of the factors important to the take-up of ICT by community-based non-profit organisations, it has weaknesses in that it does not explicitly identify user literacy as a factor, nor does it sufficiently emphasise the importance of an organisation’s external relationships, which provide an essential means of accessing required information and resources such as technical skills, and of enhancing core internal skills such as the ability to develop strategic plans. A new model is proposed to address these weaknesses: ALLIANCE (Applications; Literacy; user Literacy; Infrastructure; Access; Networks; Computing support; and Evaluation).