Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o néctar e o suco de laranja pronto para beber e sua rotulagem, com base na legislação vigente e na interpretação do consumidor. Foi realizada uma avaliação crítica da legislação brasileira de sucos, com ênfase no suco de fruta pronto para beber, visando compreender suas exigências com relação ao suco de laranja e à rotulagem. A adequação dos rótulos das principais marcas de néctar e de suco de laranja pronto para beber disponíveis em supermercados à legislação vigente foi avaliada, assim como suas características físico-químicas. O uso e a interpretação das informações constantes nos rótulos pelos consumidores e sua influência na decisão de compra foram avaliados por meio de entrevista em supermercados. A influência das informações do rótulo sobre a intenção de compra do consumidor foi estudada usando a análise conjunta de fatores. De acordo com os resultados foi verificado que existem lacunas na legislação brasileira de sucos que favorecem a interpretação equivocada e a presença de sucos não regulamentados no mercado, e que mudanças freqüentes e diferentes informações em legislações de rotulagem concomitantemente vigentes também podem levar à interpretação equivocada pelo consumidor. Verificou-se que as datas de fabricação e de validade foram as informações do rótulo mais consultadas pelos entrevistados e os fatores mais importantes para a decisão de compra do produto foram marca, preço e sabor. As expressões néctar, suco integral e natural ou 100% natural foram interpretadas de maneira positiva pelos consumidores, enquanto a expressão suco reconstituído foi interpretada negativamente. Os rótulos das marcas de néctar e suco de laranja pronto para beber analisadas atenderam à legislação de sucos e bebidas, à legislação... (Resumo completo, clicara cesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the ready to drink nectar and orange juice and the label, with basis of Brazilian labeling regulations and the consumer interpretation. A critical evaluation of fruit juice Brazilian regulations, with emphasis on ready to drink fruit juice, was carried out to understand the requirements related to orange juice and labeling. The suitability of labels from the main brands of commercially available ready to drink orange juice to the Brazilian regulations was evaluated, as well as the physicochemical characteristics. The consumer interpretation and use for labeling information and their influence on the decision of purchase were evaluated by interviews at supermarkets. The influence of labeling information on the purchase intention of the consumers, using conjoint analysis was also studied. The results showed that there are some gaps in fruit juice Brazilian regulations that allow mistaken understanding and inclusion of not regulated juices in the market, and that frequent changes and different information in the Brazilian labeling regulations in force at the same time also can take to mistaken understanding. The interpretation of the consumers pointed out that date of manufacture and shelf life were the most important information on the label and brand, price and flavor were the most important factors for purchasing. The interpretation of the consumers of ready to drink orange juice about the expressions nectar, whole and natural juice or 100% natural was positive, while that from the expression reconstituted juice was negative. Labels from all the brands of ready to drink nectar and orange juice were in accordance with the fruit juice and beverage Brazilian regulations, the food packaged labeling Brazilian regulations, the complementary nutritional information regulations and the presence or absence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Magali Monteiro da Silva / Coorientador: Karina Olbrich dos Santos / Banca: Valéria Paula Rodrigues Minim / Banca: Natalia Soares Janzantti / Mestre

Chemical labeling is an important tool for understanding protein structure and function. Biological research often requires the use of molecular labels that are covalently attached to facilitate detection or purification of the labeled protein and its binding partners. Although the number of probes have been developed for labeling of specific residues of proteins is substantial, there is still a need for new reagents with better reactivity, and selectivity. Moreover, these chemical probes should be able to label the protein of interest under mild biologically relevant conditions. Aryl diazonium salts have been utilized for selective modification of tyrosine residues. However, most diazonium compounds need to be generated in situ under strongly acidic conditions due to their instability1. Our group has previously shown that triazabutadienes can be used as precursors that can generate diazonium under mild acidification2 or photo-irradiation3. Current reported systems for bioconjugation of tyrosine require an additional step for fluorescent labeling4. To address this issue and reduce background fluorescence that is associated with fluorescent labeling, coumarin triazabutadiene-based fluorogenic probes were synthesized and tested for tyrosine specific labeling of proteins under mild acidic condition or photo-irradiation. Furthermore, a coumarin triazabutadiene-based cross-linker was synthesized with an azide functionality that can be used to attached the coumarin triazabutadiene warhead onto the surface of a protein. Upon the activation of the triazabutadiene group, by light or lowering the pH, this system can generate a coumarin diazonium salt on the surface of the protein. Such a system can find application in the study of protein-protein interactions and virus-protein interactions. A cyclooctyne triazabutadiene was synthesized to attach a cyclooctyne group on the tyrosine residues of proteins in biologically relevant pH, and 3-azido 7-hydroxy coumarin was made as a fluorogenic partner of the cyclooctyne triazabutadiene. It was demonstrated that this system can label tyrosine residue followed by a copper-free click reaction with the azido coumarin fluorophore. This system has been tested on model proteins and can be consider as one the first fluorogenic triazabutadiene systems that can be utilized for labeling of tyrosine under mild conditions. In conclusion, this dissertation demonstrates progress in developing fluorescent and fluorogenic triazabutadienes systems for labeling of tyrosine residues of proteins as well as fluorophore triazabutadiene cross-linker that can be used for studying protein-protein interaction, and virus-protein interactions. These systems offer a convenient tool to those wishing to study proteins, protein-protein interactions, and virus-protein interactions.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15407号 / 工博第3286号 / 新制||工||1495(附属図書館) / 27885 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 濵地 格, 教授 森 泰生, 教授 白川 昌宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / High caries burden coupled with a lack of water and salt fluoridation make it imperative that toothpastes marketed to the South African consumer demonstrate adequate caries inhibition. It is generally accepted that an effective toothpaste contain between 1000ppm and 1500ppm total fluoride (TF) and that of this at least 1000ppm F should be in free available form. Studies conducted in other countries have demonstrated that toothpastes often do not conform to this regulation, indicating the need for quality assessments to be undertaken. Objectives: This study therefore aimed to determine total and free available (potentially bioavailable) fluoride concentrations in 28 adult, fluoridated toothpastes marketed to the South Africa consumer. Labeling practices were also assessed. Materials & Methods: Convenience samples were purchased from a major pharmaceutical and food retailer located in each of the five metropolitan areas of South Africa. Information detailed on the packaging was evaluated for compliance with national standards. Total and bioavailable fluoride concentrations were determined potentiometrically, in quadruplicate, following acid hydrolysis of the samples using a Combination Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode, calibrated with standards containing 0.0625ppm F to 6.25ppm F. Results: Although TF content on analysis was found to be statistically significantly lower than manufacturer declaration (1.2x10-7; p≤0.05), 78.6% still contained adequate free, available F levels. Relative mean available fluoride content for toothpastes formulated with a calcium-based abrasive was 85,5% as opposed to 98.7% for those containing silica. Partial alignment with national labeling statutes was observed for all toothpastes. Conclusion: Most commercially available toothpastes are adequately formulated to provide anticariogenic activity, but consumers should be advised against the use of products containing calcium. Improvements to national standards and stricter regulation of labeling practices are required.

Transglutaminases (protein-glutamine:amine y-glutamyl- transferase, EC 2.3.2.13) are a family of calcium-dependent enzymes which catalyze an acyl transfer between glutamine residues and a wide variety of primary amines. When lysine acts as the acyl-acceptor substrate, α-glutamyl lysine isopeptide bond is formed. Isopeptide catalyzation results in protein cross-linkage which is prevalent throughout biological processes. Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial variant of the transglutaminase family, distinct by virtue of its calcium-independent catalysis of the isopeptidic bond. Furthermore, mTGs promiscuity in donor substrate preference highlights its biocatalytic potential. To realize the potential of the enzyme, a high-reactivity tag was necessary for protein labelling. To address this, an enzyme-coupled assay was developed to characterize peptides in the hopes of developing orthogonal substrates to facilitate mTG-mediated labelling and biocatalysis. The discovery of high-reactivity peptide tags allowed the realization of in vitro protein labelling- facilitated by mTG. The 7M48 peptide was fused to a test protein, where it was subsequently propargylated with propargyl amine to fluorescently label or immobilize a test protein. Although there are endless possibilities for in vitro bio-conjugation through mTG, proteolytic activation limits any in-cell labelling strategies with this enzyme. To circumvent this issue, development of an alternative bacterial enzyme, Bacillus subtilis transglutaminase (bTG), was chosen to replace mTG. bTG maintains the advantages associated with mTG but is expressed in its active form. Unlike mTG, there is limited preliminary research associated with the enzyme or its substrate scope. To better understanding substrate reactivity, a FRET-based assay was developed allows for the discovery of new high-reactivity peptides for bTG. These peptides were then used in labelling strategies to demonstrate the potential bTG-mediated bioconjugation. This strategy includes the added advantage of potential for in-cellulo labelling.

Labeling of malt beverages is impacted by multiple entities, both regulatory and industry. The entity with the most overt impact is the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), which defines and regulates the following items: 1) required label components for beverages that meet the TTB’s institutional definition of “malt beverage”, and 2) the formula approval process for malt beverages required to undergo the pre-Certificate of Labeling Approval (COLA) evaluation. In order for producers of malt beverages to sell their products in interstate commerce, they must first satisfactorily complete the Certificate of Labeling Approval (COLA) process. For products that are created using “nontraditional” processes or ingredients, producers must also complete a formula submission prior to completing the COLA process. The substantial growth of the craft brewing industry has resulted in a corresponding increase in the submission volume of COLAs and formula approvals. The increased workload of TTB officials responsible for processing approvals, coupled with intense industry focus on innovation, has resulted in a complicated interchange between industry and government. Using three studies, this research evaluates the craft brewer experience with the TTB’s COLA and formula approval processes.The first study was a qualitative research study conducted to explore craft brewers’ perceptions of regulations related to the COLA and formula approval processes. Using convenience sampling, 13 interviews were conducted with craft brewers from August 2018 to December 2018. All interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide and analyzed using a thematic approach. The findings indicate that formula and labeling approval presents unique challenges to craft brewers. Participants associated with small and large craft breweries identified opportunities for improved communication between the craft brewing industry and the TTB. The data collected also indicate that that there exist opportunities to improve existing resources for brewers as they pertain to labeling and formula approval.The second study evaluated the role of brewery characteristics in brewer preparation of COLA and formula submissions. Using survey data, the relationship between brewery characteristics and regulatory submission outcomes was evaluated. The brewery characteristics of interest were number of full-time personnel, permit age, production volume, and COLA and formula submission volume. The submission outcomes evaluated were information burden, expense burden, and resubmission frequency of COLA and formula approvals. The results indicated that production volume significantly predicts one measure of information burden (regulatory navigation) related to COLA preparation: the data suggests that as production volume increases, information burden decreases. In addition, submission volume of formulas was significantly related to one measure of information burden (regulatory navigation), with decreased information burden occurring alongside increased submission volume. Expense burden and resubmission frequency were not significantly predicted using any of the studied brewery characteristics.The third study examined the role of resource utilization in regulatory submission outcomes (expense burden, information burden, resubmission frequency). Using survey data, the relationship between the volume and type(s) of resources used during submission preparation and submission outcomes was evaluated. The resources of interest were: the TTB website, the Brewers Association website, advice from a fellow brewer, advice from a coworker or boss, correspondence with TTB officials, and (in formula submissions) the TTB Exemption List (Attachment 1 of TTB Ruling 2015-1) .The results indicate that advice from a boss or coworker reduced expense burden of COLA submissions, while advice from a fellow brewer was associated with decreased expense burden of formula submissions. In addition, advice from a fellow brewer, correspondence with TTB officials, and use of the Brewers Association website were all associated with decreased information burden of COLA submissions. Information burden associated with formula submissions was significantly predicted using advice from a fellow brewer and advice from a boss and/or coworker. Resubmission frequency of formula submissions was significantly predicted using correspondence TTB officials.

Trouble reporting is a substantial component in any technical product's maintenance workflow. In this project, we investigated a set of methods for streamlining this workflow, using both software solutions and machine learning. The aim was to find a way of grouping trouble reports for easier analysis and other potential usecases down the line. This project was conducted in the context of telecom infrastructure. Unstructured data that is produced both by humans and machines was transformed into embeddings representations, usingmultiple Bert based language models, of which one was domain specialised. The embeddings were clustered using multiple clustering techniques, and finally labeled using machine learning. Furthermore, we compared the use of our Bert models, with the use of the classical TF-IDF representation, with the aim of creating a baseline for the performance of these models . Trials showed that the best way of representing the trouble report depended on its content. TF-IDF had benefits when the keywords were few, exclusive to the group and carried a lot of relevance. However, when the keywords had many synonyms or were counter-productive to look at, the language model showed better results. The sentence model S-Bert was almost always superior to the other Bert-based language models, even the domain specialised one.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20002号 / 工博第4246号 / 新制||工||1657(附属図書館) / 33098 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 濵地 格, 教授 森 泰生, 教授 跡見 晴幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The current study examined preservice teachers’ expectations for student academic, behavior, and social, outcomes using the Prognostic Outlook Scale (Thelen, Burns, & Christiansen, 2003). A 2 x 2 x 2 MANOVA analysis was used to determine differences between label specificity (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnostic label versus the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act [IDEA] Emotional Disturbance [ED]) label, behavioral presentation (i.e., internalizing versus externalizing) and symptom severity (i.e., mild versus severe). The goal was to identify labels that elicit higher expectations for students with ED in order to inform the labeling practices within the school setting. Results suggested statistically significant differences for the behavioral presentation (p < .001) condition. Statistically significant interactions for behavioral presentation and label specificity (p = .043) and behavioral presentation and severity (p = .045) were also found. Implications and limitations of findings will be discussed.

In almost all computer vision and perception based applications, particularly with camera and lidar; state-of-the-art algorithms are all based upon deep neural networks which require large amounts of data. Thus, the ability to label data accurately and quickly is of great importance. Approaches to semi-automated labeling (SAL) thus far have relied on using state-of-the-art object detectors to assist with labeling; however, these approaches still require a significant number of manual corrections. Surprisingly, none of these approaches have considered labeling from the perspective of multiple diverse algorithms. In this thesis a new framework for semi-automated labeling is presented, it is called F-SAL which stands for Fusion Based Semi-automated Labeling. Firstly, F-SAL extends on the idea of SAL through introducing multi-algorithm fusion with learning based feedback. Secondly, it incorporates new stages such as uncertainty evaluation and diversity evaluation. All the algorithms and design choices regarding localization fusion, label fusion, uncertainty and diversity evaluation are presented and discussed in significant detail. The biggest advantage of F-SAL is that through the fusion of algorithms, the number of true detections is either more or equivalent to the best single detector; while the false alarms are suppressed significantly. In the case of a single detector, to lower the false alarm rate, detector parameters must be adjusted, which trade lower false alarms for fewer detections. With F-SAL, a lower false alarm rate can be achieved without sacrificing any detections, as false alarms are suppressed during fusion, and true detections are maximized through diversity. Results on several datasets for image and lidar data show that F-SAL outperforms the single best detector in all scenarios. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)