Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-12T13:17:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho Tadeu da Silva.pdf: 856548 bytes, checksum: c452c4850bcf150fff35ac4b525fe787 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho Tadeu da Silva.pdf: 856548 bytes, checksum: c452c4850bcf150fff35ac4b525fe787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / This work aims to analyze the process of cash transfer in Brazil, and its effect on the labor market and the lives of its beneficiaries, through the Bolsa Família Program implemented in the Lula government. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the benefit on the beneficiary mothers and on the children when contemplated, as well as to analyze the movement of search for a formal work activity. It also describes the importance of government intervention in human development and its ramifications and effects on the decision to search for a new job. Such an approach emphasizes the beneficiary's propensity to take risks in order to obtain a new job, if supported by a regular income, even though he must meet the conditionalities necessary to maintain the benefit. We used the empirical research of the various researchers on the subject, considering the analysis elaborated by them, and the results that in a reflexive way showed how the beneficiaries behaved in the face of the security of receiving a regular income. It was also considered, a theoretical discussion about the role of money in daily life and its impacts on work activity and its effects on the human condition. Following is discussed the main focus of work on the results of the Bolsa Família Program and its influence on the labor market / Este trabalho tem por objetivo efetuar uma análise do processo de transferência de renda no Brasil, e seu efeito sobre o mercado de trabalho e na vida de seus beneficiários, através do Programa Bolsa Família implantado no governo Lula. Para tanto buscou-se examinar o efeito do benefício sobre as mães beneficiárias e sobre as crianças quando comtempladas, assim como analisar o movimento de busca por uma atividade de trabalho formal. Também é descrita a importância da intervenção governamental no desenvolvimento humano e seus desdobramentos e efeitos sobre a decisão da busca por um novo posto de trabalho. Tal abordagem enfatiza a propensão do beneficiário em correr risco para obtenção de um novo posto de trabalho, se amparado por uma renda regular, mesmo devendo cumprir as condicionalidades necessárias à manutenção do benefício. Foram utilizadas as pesquisas empíricas dos diversos pesquisadores sobre o assunto, considerando a análise por eles elaborada, e os resultados que de forma reflexiva mostraram como se comportaram os beneficiários diante da segurança de receber um rendimento regular. Foi também considerada, uma discussão teórica sobre o papel do dinheiro na vida cotidiana e seus impactos sobre a atividade do trabalho e seus efeitos sobre a condição humana. Na sequência é discutido o foco principal do trabalho sobre os resultados do Programa Bolsa Família e sua influência sobre o mercado de trabalho

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-26T13:03:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laís Cristina Soares.pdf: 1195314 bytes, checksum: 9d43ffe9a348deef68f95f34d9e20c04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T13:03:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laís Cristina Soares.pdf: 1195314 bytes, checksum: 9d43ffe9a348deef68f95f34d9e20c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to analyze the insertion of the poorest 20% of Brazil in the labor market and to present the evolution of their insertion in the period 2004-2014, in order to verify if there was a reduction of the vulnerability and the decent work deficit of this part of the Population. It started from the fact that the insertion of the poorest in the labor market is marked by occupational instability. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of vulnerability of work and decent work. The selection of the indicators to analyze the evolution in the labor market was made based on the coherence and adherence to the theoretical foundations and the availability of data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). It is concluded that, despite the social advances of the period and the improvement of labor market indicators in the Brazilian average, the employed population among the poorest 20% did not show significant changes in their insertion in the Brazilian labor market, maintaining a high deficit Decent work / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a inserção dos 20% mais pobres do Brasil no mercado de trabalho e apresentar a evolução de sua inserção no período 2004-2014, a fim de verificar se houve redução da vulnerabilidade e do déficit de trabalho decente dessa parcela da população do país. Partiu-se da constatação de que a inserção dos mais pobres no mercado de trabalho é marcada pela instabilidade ocupacional. O referencial teórico apoiou-se nos conceitos de vulnerabilidade do trabalho e trabalho decente. A seleção dos indicadores para analisar a evolução no mercado de trabalho foi realizada a partir da coerência e aderência aos fundamentos teóricos e a disponibilidade dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços sociais do período e a melhora dos indicadores do mercado de trabalho na média brasileira, a população ocupada dentre os 20% mais pobres não apresentou alterações significativas em sua inserção no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, mantendo um elevado déficit de trabalho decente

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In this thesis we study the interdependency of individual decisions on work and family, particularly the dynamic interaction of the marriage market and the labor market. My basic idea is that marital status affects individual labor supply decisions, and in turn, labor market condition influences marriage formation and dissolution. While these interactions are evident, the overwhelming majority of research on labor or family economics usually simplifies the individual decision-making by assuming that one of two markets outcomes is given while studying the other one. In the empirical study, endogeneity issues are troublesome, especially under the dynamic setting. My work takes a different approach. I directly model the individual decision-making, which describes how marriage market and labor market interact with each other; and matching with survey data we empirically recover the underlying economic environments that characterize the structure of the marriage market and the labor market. I further examine to what extent my model explains the observed facts. Very few studies have been conducted to explore work and family issues in this direction partly due to its complexity. The structural models, besides the conventional regression, improve our perceptions on how individuals form decisions on work and family, which have far-reaching implications on policy designs and welfare evaluations. In my thesis, I explore all these issues in three steps. In chapter 1, I explain a stylized fact that there exists a positive correlation between rising wage inequality and declining marriage rates. A two-sided matching model is developed to exploit a theoretical channel through which wage inequality affects marriage rates. My model features a steady state equilibrium in which the whole marriage market is divided into groups and only people in the same group will marry each other. Using the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) data from 1970 to 2000, my estimates indicate that a structural change occurs in the U.S. marriage market. The higher matching efficiency and declining elasticity of men suggest that the nowadays marriage market provides more chance to meet and better gender equity, though higher arrival rates also raise the outside options of getting married. Additionally, I find that wage inequality accounts for over 38% of the decline in marriage rate, which is underestimated in Gould (2003). Chapter 2 examines household dynamic labor supply after introducing bargaining between husbands and wives, which has not been thoroughly studied previously in literature. Here bargaining between husbands and wives determines the amount of husbands' earnings that are transferred to wives for their private consumption. A household search model that incorporates the intrahousehold bargaining is developed and estimated using panel data from the year 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). My results show that the portion of household income shared by husbands for private consumption is responsive to their employment status, suggesting the existence of the bargaining between the U.S. couples. My findings also imply that the labor supply of women will increase with higher women wage and lower money transfer from husbands to wives, showing that the income effect dominates for wives. Moreover, the wage frontier of husbands is positively correlated with wives' wages and negatively correlated with husbands' earnings transferred to wives, highlighting that husbands are subject to both the income effect and intra-household bargaining, and their decisions depend on which effect dominates. In the third and the last chapter, I study household unemployment duration. Previously, most studies have addressed the topic of job search at the individual level. This chapter studies job search patterns of married couples and in particular compares couple's unemployment duration given their spousal earnings. A household search model is introduced, which includes the bargaining between husbands and wives. I use the year 2001 panel data Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to estimate the structural model of family decisions. Our findings reveal that there exists a gender asymmetry in job search of the U.S. household: The more husbands earn, the longer wives search for a job; but the more wives earn, the sooner husbands find a job. / text