Thesis (M.A. (Health Social Science))--Mahidol University, 2006. / LICL has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact computer services.

Immigration into Europe has always been at the center of EU’s agenda. With the candidacy of Turkey for entry into the EU, the issue of immigration is being discussed with a new intensity. That is why this paper aims to understand the dynamics that will govern Turkish migration into EU after membership and to provide a sound basis for its complicated nature. In order to do that, different theories of migration have been categorized at different levels of approaches and analyzed to understand the reasons for migration. To ground these theories in the reality of migration, the statistics on countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 have been used. After identifying the reasons why citizens of these new member states migrate, prospective Turkish migration has been analyzed accordingly. It has been found out that the reasons for Turkish migration will be mostly the same as those for new member states’ citizens. As a result of this, it has been concluded that the prospective Turkish migration will be extremely diverse and complicated and that the directions of migration will not only be from Turkey to Europe but also from Europe to Turkey.

Immigration into Europe has always been at the center of agenda of the EU. With the candidacy of Turkey, the issue of immigration is being discussed at an accelerating rate. That is why this paper aims to understand the dynamics behind the prospective Turkish migration into EU after membership and to provide a sound basis for its complicated nature. In order to do that, different theories of migration have been categorized at different levels of approaches and analyzed to understand the reasons for migration. To set the relationship between theory and reality of migration, the statistics on countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 have been used. After identifying the reasons why citizens of these new member states migrate, the prospective Turkish migration has been analyzed accordingly. It has been found out that the reasons for Turkish migration will be mostly the same as those for new member states’ citizens. As a result of this, it has been concluded that the prospective Turkish migration will be so diverse and complicated and that the direction of migration will not only be from Turkey to Europe but also from Europe to Turkey.

This thesis examines the history of Turks migrated from Turkey to Rochester and their changing constructions of identities. In the early 1960&rsquo / s, there was only a small group of Turkish immigrants in Rochester, who were well educated professionals. After 1967, Turkish tailors and their families, who were seeking better employment in Western countries started to migrate to Rochester. Different than the common aspect of homeland based Turkish labor migration to West, Turkish tailors in Rochester came from different cities of Turkey. As a result of the communication between high skilled Turks and the tailor-migrants, Turkish Society of Rochester was founded as a distinctive immigrant association. This study focuses on Turkish Society of Rochester and the other Turkish organizations in Rochester which were established after 1990&rsquo / s, in order to investigate the role of ethnic, cultural and political identities on the formation of collective behavior of Turks in Rochester. The thesis considers the concept of integration as a bidirectional phenomenon, whereby Turks can integrate with the larger American society and/or with the Turkish community within the US as well. This study has concluded that the religious identity is becoming more prominent within the changing social context of Rochester.

The main aim of this study is to understand how women&lsquo / s lives change in terms of authority, power and gender roles after their husbands&lsquo / migration from Fatsa (Turkey) to Nagoya (Japan) since the beginning of 1990s. In this regard, the research question of this study is how women&lsquo / s lives change in terms of authority, daily life practices and gender roles after the migration of their husbands. Otherwise stated, this study inquires whether male migration empowers women&lsquo / s lives / especially their controls on the household, in terms of decision-making processes in the family issues and if yes to what extent it takes place. This research question also provides an opportunity to shed a light on a further point to grasp the meaning of the whole picture of women&lsquo / s lives. Although, male migration has similar impacts on women&lsquo / s lives in different parts of the world / how do women develop different strategies from the other cases to handle with the absence of men in Fatsa? In other words, what makes this study different from the others? How do women experience the process of migration from Fatsa to Japan? Perception of the migration process by the women is essential to focus on as it can be argued that this process is the point where everything starts to changes in women&lsquo / s lives. The process of taking the decision of migration to Japan, specifically the city of Nagoya, and women&lsquo / s strategies to handle with this decision and process will be discussed from the perspective around this point.

This dissertation examines the livelihood strategies of African dock workers in Durban, South Africa, between the Anglo-Boer War and the 1959 strikes. These labourers did not conform to common conceptions of radical dock workers or conservative African migrant workers. While Marxist scholars have been correct to stress the working class consciousness of Durban’s dock workers, this consciousness was also more ambiguous. These workers and their leaders displayed a peculiar mix of concern for workers’ issues and defences of the rights and interests of African traders. Many of Durban’s dock workers were not only wage labourers. In fact, only a minority had wages as their only source of income. The Reserve economy played a role in sustaining the consumption levels of their households and, more importantly, more than half of the former dock workers interviewed for this research engaged in some form of commercial enterprise, often based on the pilferage and sale of cargoes. Some also teamed up with township women who sold pilfered goods while the men were at work. This combination of commercial strategies and wage labour has often been overlooked in the literature. By looking at these livelihood strategies, this dissertation considers how rural and urban economies interacted in households’ strategies and reinterprets the reproduction of labour and the household in order to move beyond dichotomies of proletarian versus rural consciousness. The dock workers’ households were neither proletarian households that were forced to reside in the countryside because of apartheid, nor traditional rural homesteads with a missing migrant member. The households were reproduced in three geographically separate spheres of production and consumption, none of which could reproduce the household on its own. These spheres were dependent on each other, but also separate, as physical distance gave the different household members some autonomy. Such multi-nodal households not only bridged the rural and the urban, but equally straddled the formal/informal divide. For many, their employment on the docks made their commercial enterprises possible, which allowed them to retire early from urban wage labour. Consequently, the interests of wage labourers could not be divorced from those of African small-scale entrepreneurs. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-26 17:14:17.474

With changes in the demand for labor, in the global market, temporary and contract based work arrangements have become the preferred pattern in international labor migration. The employment of Turkish men in the projects of the construction industry abroad can be seen as an example of this. Turkish men migrate when and where work is available and leave their families in their home countries. What happens to the household structure and the relationships among its members, particularly gender relations, when men migrate on a temporary but recurrent manner is the central question of this study. This study aims to look at the impact of such migration on women as &ldquo / the left behind wives&rdquo / . The impact of male migration varies considerably according to three main variables: the type of family structure / existing human capital of the wife / and pattern of migration. This study is limited to a study of families living in Ankara where the husband is employed companies as unskilled or semi-skilled workers in foreign countries in the Turkish construction industry. For the purpose of gathering information on the issue, 50 women were interviewed. Snowball sampling technique was used as the sampling strategy. A questionnaire was developed as the research tool. When the participants&rsquo / husbands migrate on a temporary but recurrent manner, changes in the household composition, income, daily activities, patterns of authority, power and gender relations are observed. The meaning of their husbands&#039 / migration and its impacts, hardships and advantages change from one woman to another depending on their family structure (nuclear/traditional patrilineal), on women&rsquo / s earning an income or not and the patterns of their husbands&#039 / employment. Specifically, the women&rsquo / s status in the household gets better when the duration of the husband&rsquo / s migration increases and when its recurrent pattern becomes more prevalent and stable. It is especially true for the women living in nuclear families. These women have control over money issues and gain authority over decisions made on important matters for their families. Moreover, again in nuclear families where the woman is an autonomous income earner, migration tends to restructure the household and empower the women as opposed to traditional patrilienal families.

Migration and re-migration of economically and socially marginalized Ethiopian women and girls has become a phenomenon. Based on interviews with 12 Ethiopian migrant women returned from the Middle East and the Gulf States, the primary aim of this thesis is to describe and study Ethiopian women migrants’ circular migration to the Middle East. I will mainly focus on how social dynamics in the family, gender relations and economic circumstances are intricate. The process of women’s migration and how the expectations of the family can be gender differentiated are discussed. Further, the migrant women’s power relation when class and ethnicity determine their position is discussed. Relations with the sending family and the issues related to the women who return, as well as problems affecting them at home and in the destination countries, are looked at. Various and complex issues of migration and the women’s roles are discussed with reference to the women’s experiences. Migration provides women with opportunities for social and economic mobility but can also subject them to ethnic discrimination, exploitation, and abuse. The movement is generally seen as voluntary labor migration and it has placed them in a vulnerable position both at home and abroad. Their migration is interconnected to the economic need but also the responsibilities they have towards their family and kin.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of labor migration into the Czech Republic in the years 2003 -- 2013 and verifies the hypothesis that the amount of the labor immigrants into the Czech Republic is increasing. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts related to migration, and since labor migration has the biggest impact on the labor market, it must also deals with the theory of the labor market For a deeper understanding of immigration there are explained economic theories, which deal with this issue. The legislative measures of the host country is an important factor for immigration, and therefore this topic devoted an entire chapter. The biggest added value of this work brings the fifth chapter, which deals with foreigners on the Czech labor market. The hypothesis was confirmed only partly because the number of immigrants was growing only until 2008. After that began the economic recession and many foreigners left the country, which was also caused by changes in legislation. However, economic growth is again expected influx of immigrants, and also due to the fact that the Czech government supports by its projects legal employment of foreigners in our country.

Master thesis evaluates the causes and the consequences of emigration from the countries of former Yugoslavia in the seventies and eighties. It focuses particularly on labor emigration to the Federal Republic of Germany. The analysis of the causes of emigration can not be done without a deeper understanding of the economical and economic development from a historical perspective. Therefore, the thesis includes the evaluation of post-war economic development, of the economy and of the mood in society in both countries. The aim of my thesis is to determine whether the main reason for the departure of so many Yugoslavians was especially the high unemployment rate. Whether among the first emigrants were people from less developed parts of the country. Another aim of my thesis is to determine the role played by aspects such as regional disparity of the individual federal states, age, education, religion and social status of migrants, in the issue of migration. What influence the emigration had to the following economic and social development of Yugoslavia. The thesis concludes that the main reason for labor emigration from Yugoslavia was high unemployment, and that the first emigrants were not people from backward areas. Work is mainly based on foreign literature, scientific articles and analysis of the Yugoslav statistical yearbooks.