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Equine Coronavirus (ECoV) is a virus that affects horses. Symptoms of ECoV are often gastrointestinal, including fever, lethargy, anorexia, and changes in fecal consistency. While the disease is usually mild, it can lead to more severe symptoms where death has occurred. Diagnosis of ECoV is typically confirmed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing of fecal samples. Initial studies have shown that fecal samples from horses can inhibit PCR analysis for ECoV, other PCR systems and buffers may have a better effect on inhibition in fecal samples then the current method used at Swedish Veterinary Agency (SVA) today, leading to false negative results. To avoid false negative results due to inhibition, the option of using an internal control exists. If the internal control yields a negative result, it suggests that the PCR reaction did not function as intended and a negative result for ECoV would therefore not be reliable. The purpose of this study was to gather more information about the current method's performance and possibly optimize its sensitivity. Seven different buffers were tested to see which works best for horse feces and the current method was compared with other PCR methods in order to choose the method with the highest sensitivity. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between PB and PVP buffers. Additionally the comparison between the PCR systems in the study showed a significant difference, indicating that the new system for ECoV detection has the potential to improve upon the current routine method.

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Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by infection, has a long history evolving from ancient references to modern understanding. Despite advancements, its symptoms often resemble those of other illnesses until late stages, delaying recognition. The blood culture method, currently used for diagnosing sepsis, is not entirely reliable and often time-consuming, posing challenges for timely intervention in many cases. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers for a variety of infectious diseases, prompting the suggestion of a new multi-marker panel for sepsis diagnosis. However, the lack of optimized methods for miRNA extraction and quantification necessitates investigation before constructing such a panel. This project aimed to examine and compare manual and robotic methods to determine which yielded superior quality, quantity, time management, and results when employing two-tailed RT-qPCR. Following experimentation, it was observed that both methods provided satisfactory purity and concentration, yet the processing time was notably shorter with the robotic method. The twotailed RT-qPCR method successfully detected DNA with copy numbers as low as 10^5 when spiked-in, although the candidate miRSeps-6 was not detectable in healthy donor plasma. Despite the unsuccessful detection of the candidate miRNA, positive controls demonstrated that processes such as manual and robotic extractions, along with two-tailed RT-qPCR, could be applied to other candidates to identify suitable matches for the kit.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) stands out as one of the most widespread endocrine disorders affecting women, often presenting as the primary reason for infertility due to anovulation. Individuals with PCOS typically exhibit clinical and biochemical markers aligning with ultrasound findings, predisposing them to challenges such as hyperandrogenism, impaired fertility, obesity, irregular periods, excess body hair, insulin resistance, and recurrent miscarriages. The diagnosis relies on the 2003/2004 Rotterdam criteria, which identify polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through the presence of two out of three key features: anovulation, clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The potential underlying causes of PCOS may include genetic factors, environmental influences, or maternal imprinting. The study investigated the effect of different concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the oogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila melanogaster, widely utilized in disease research, offers valuable insights into this syndrome. With a life cycle spanning approximately 12 days, these flies undergo metamorphosis and produce the steroid hormone ecdysone, which is analogous to human testosterone. The main aim of the study is to develop a model for studying polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) through the Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model. The data was collected by measuring the fecundity, Triglyceride concentration, and RT-qPCR. The results revealed no significant difference between the different concentrations of DHT and the control group. The results from fecundity, triglyceride assay, and RT-qPCR were notable but not significantly different. These findings suggest that additional experiments are necessary to confirm Drosophila melanogaster as a good model for PCOS. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p><p>There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.</p>

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Knäets artär, arteria (a.) poplitea, kan drabbas av aneurysm, vanligen om personen redan har ett aortaaneurysm. Kärlväggen påverkas av träning på olika sätt. Enligt olika studier ökar eller minskar a. popliteas lumendiameter av aerob träning. Syftet med denna studie är att se om regelbunden aerob träning påverkar lumendiametern i a. poplitea. Med hjälp av ultraljud hararteria popliteas lumendiameter mätts hos totalt 31 frivilliga personer, där hälften var tränade och resten var otränade, både kvinnor och män. Insamlad data har analyserats med IBM SPSS version 27. Denna studie bekräftar det tidigare studier sagt, att män har större lumendiameter i a. poplitea än kvinnor. Lumendiametern i a. poplitea är större i dess proximala och mediala delar, än i dess distala del. Studien visar inga signifikanta skillnader i a. popliteas lumendiameter mellan personer som tränar regelbundet och otränade personer, det finns tendenser till att de som tränar har större lumendiameter. Det resultatet överensstämmer med några av de tidigare studierna, med tanke på denna studies storlek börstörre och mer omfattande studier behöver göras för säkrare resultat. / The artery in the knee, popliteal artery, can get an aneurysm, usually if the person already hasan aortic aneurysm. Vessels are affected by exercise in different ways. Various studies say that the lumen diameter in a. poplitea both increases and decreases with aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study is to see if regular aerobic exercise affects the diameter of the popliteal artery. Using ultrasound, the lumen diameter of the popliteal artery has been measured in trained and untrained women and men, in total 31 volunteers was examined. The collected data were then analysed with IBM SPSS version 27. This study confirms that men have larger lumen diameters in the popliteal artery than women. The lumen diameter of the popliteal artery is larger in its proximal and medial parts, than in the distal parts. This study has concluded thatthere is no significant difference in the popliteal artery's lumen diameter in trained and in untrained persons, however there is a tendency that trained persons have larger lumen diameters than untrained persons. That is consistent with some of the previous studies, but larger and more comprehensive studies need to be done for more accurate results.

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