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Orientador: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti / Banca: João Olimpio Tognoli / Banca: Regina Célia Vendramini / Resumo: O uso de amostras-controle para acompanhamento do desempenho analítico é necessário para reproduzir a veracidade dos resultados das análises, pois monitora as variações que podem ocorrer no sistema analítico. O ideal para amostras-controle é ter a mesma matriz que as amostras dos pacientes, assim elas comportar-se-ão da mesma forma. Entretanto, para alcançar a estabilidade necessária, as amostras-controle passam por manipulações durante sua produção que podem alterar as propriedades da matriz. Dentre estas manipulações estão a adição de aditivos e mudanças físicas do meio como o congelamento ou liofilização. Neste estudo, nós produzimos amostras-controle com pool de soro humano trabalhados na forma líquida, congelados, conservados a ≤ -18°C e ≤ -80°C e sólida a 2 - 8°C liofilizados, sem preservante e com preservante e analisamos 23 analitos da rotina de laboratório clínico: ácido úrico, albumina, fosfatase alcalina, alanina aminotransferase, amilase, aspartato aminotransferase, bilirrubina direta, bilirrubina total, cálcio, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro, colesterol, creatinina, ferro, fósforo, gama-glutamil transferase, glicose, colesterol- HDL, desidrogenase lática, potássio, proteínas totais, sódio, triglicérides e uréia. As amostras foram analisadas por 300 dias, e comparado a estabilidade entre os soros sem preservante e com preservante nos diferentes processos de conservação. Os coeficientes de variação encontrados foram bastante satisfatórios, mas a estabilidade no decorrer do tempo foi melhor observada no soro com preservante, especialmente a 2 - 8°C - liofilizado, onde todos os analitos estudados permaneceram estáveis por 300 dias, com exceção do ácido úrico que foi de 240 dias / Abstract: Using control-samples for analytical performance monitoring is required to reproduce the veracity of the results of biochemical analyses, since them monitors changes that may occur in analytical system. The ideal for control-samples is to have the same matrix that samples of the patients, so they will behave the same way. However, to achieve the necessary stability control-samples undergo operations such as sum additives and/or physical changes of middle (freezing or lyophilization) during its production which can change the properties of the matrix. In this study, we produced control-samples with pool of human serum worked in frozen liquid form kept at ≤ -18°C and ≤ -80°C and freeze-dried solid kept between 2 - 8°C, without or with a preservative for 23 analytes of clinical laboratory routine: uric acid, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, calcium, latent iron-binding capacity, cholesterol, creatinine, iron, phosphorus, gamma glutamyl transferase, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, total proteins, potassium, sodium, triglycerides and urea. The samples were analyzed for 300 days, and the stability compared between the without a preservative and with a preservative sera in different processes of conservation. The coefficient of variation found were quite satisfactory, but stability over time was better observed in with a preservative serum, mainly in serum stored between 2 - 8°C - freeze-dried, in which all analytes studied remained stable for 300 days, with the exception of uric acid that was for 240 days / Mestre

This text is the result of a research project which began in summer 2015. I spent the past two years visiting various laboratories concerned with questions of life: the Pelling Lab, SymbioticA, the Chooi Lab and the HumAnimaLab. My methods have been highly immersive and at the edges of autoethnography. I have navigated gestures and a cellular anthropology to gain a better understanding of the relations at play within the laboratories I have grown with and learned from. Interconnected moving livings is what I stumbled upon in these spaces of scientific, artistic and, most importantly, embodied exploration. By characterizing these specific biotechnological relations and mediations which are in processes of articulation, I explore the notion of crafting. I draw from the literatures of the anthropology of life, anthropology of craft as well as from craft theory to speak of concurrent laboratory livings as engaging in a crafting with livings.

Embora seja considerável a quantidade de materiais educacionais disponíveis na Internet, poucos são os estudos reportados na literatura que tratam de investigar a efetividade dos mesmos como ferramenta de ensino. Neste trabalho descrevemos a elaboração, uso e avaliação de um sítio produzido como material de apoio para a disciplina de Química Analítica. As facilidades disponíveis no sítio são: páginas de conteúdo com descrições textuais dos tópicos discutidos na disciplina, hiperlinks para sítio da Web que oferecem conteúdo relevante ao curso, um fórum eletrônico que permite aos estudantes postarem questões e aos instrutores responde-las, um glossário, uma sala de bate-papo e uma ferramenta para escrita e envio de relatórios. Participaram, voluntariamente, como sujeitos da pesquisa dois professores de química, um estagiário do Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino da Universidade de São Paulo e 32 alunos de graduação em química. A navegação de cada um deles no sítio foi monitorada. Dados foram também coletados a partir da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores e da aplicação de questionários aos alunos. Durante o semestre em que foi utilizado pelos alunos da disciplina de Química Analítica, o sítio foi acessado 560 vezes. O sítio foi usado, principalmente, para a escrita e envio de relatório e para consulta às páginas de conteúdo. Poucos alunos fizeram uso do fórum para entrar em contato com os instrutores ou para apresentar questionamentos. O uso que os estudantes fizeram do sítio sugere que são capazes de utilizar o material suplementar para sanar dúvidas sobre conteúdos específicos. As entrevistas com os professores mostraram que nenhum deles havia utilizado anteriormente a Web como ferramenta de apoio na disciplina de Química Analítica. Os questionários aplicados aos estudantes apontaram para a percepção de que o acesso a materiais educacionais disponibilizados via Web é útil e pode contribuir para o aprendizado dos mesmos. / Despite the proliferation of educational material on the Internet, few published studies document the strengths and weaknesses of using the World Wide Web as a teaching tool. This work describes the design, use, and evaluation of a site created as a supplement to the Analytical Chemistry course. The site included the following elements: content pages with textual descriptions of the concepts discussed, hyperlinks to Web that provide information about topics in chemistry that are relevant to the course, an eletronic forum that enables students to pose questions and instructors to answer them, glossary, a chatroom and a tool for writing and sending reports. The results presented here will allow us to determine how best to develop other WWW resources and how best to utilize the site discussed here. The research population consisted of two chemistry professors, one teaching assistant and 32 undergraduate chemistry students who voluntarily participated in this research. All navigation for each subject was recorded. Research tools also included semi-structured personal interviews with faculty and teaching assistant, and a student´s survey. During the semester of use, the site was accessed 560 times. The site was mainly used for writing and sending reports and reading content pages. Only a few students used the forum to contact instructors and ask them questions. The analysis of student use of the site suggests that they are able to identify the areas that cause them trouble and are able to use supplemental resources to help them in those areas. Interviews with professors indicated that none of them had used the Web as support to the teaching in the Analytical Chemistry course. Analyzing the student\'s survey, we found that they noted that access to Web-based learning materials was valuable and contributed to their learning as well.

Foi realizada a implantação de um laboratório para testes de detectores com radiação de nêutrons. Uma sala foi reformada e adaptada para ser o Laboratório de TestescomNêutrons(LTN) no subsolo do prédio do Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos do IPEN. Foi criada uma sala de controle do sistema de exposição e posicionamento da fonte e para o operador responsável pelos procedimentos de testes dos instrumentos. Foi desenvolvida uma blindagem adequada para a fonte de 241Am(Be), previamente calibrada no Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes (LNMRI), num sistema padrão primário. Um arranjo de irradiação automatizado foi implantado, possibilitando a variação da distância fonte-detector por meio de um comando à distância por um painel eletrônico localizado na sala de controle. Os resultados obtidos do levantamento radiométrico permitiram avaliar as condições existentes no LTN e a sua classificação. Foi realizado um estudo de estabilidade a curto e a médio prazo da resposta de vários detectores de nêutrons, que apresentaram resultados dentro do limite recomendado pela norma internacional. A influência da radiação espalhada foi determinada por duas técnicas: Método de Monte Carlo e método experimental, com a utilização de um cone de sombra e um detector de radiação de nêutrons portátil calibrado no LNMRI. Alguns monitores portáteis foram testados no arranjo estabelecido. Dos resultados obtidos por meio da simulação foi possível concluir que a estrutura do LTN está em concordância com os resultados obtidos em outros laboratórios que oferecem o mesmoserviço. / A laboratory for testing of detectors with neutron radiation was established. A room was renovated and adapted for the Testing Laboratory with Neutrons (LTN). A control room was created for the exposure and positioning of the source system and for localization of the operator responsible for the testing procedures of the instruments. An adequate shielding was developed for the 241Am(Be) source, previously calibrated at the National Metrology Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation (LNMRI), using a primary standard system. The set-up of the automated irradiation was established for the variation of the source-detector distance through a remote control by an electronic panel located in the control room. A radiometric survey was undertaken to evaluate the conditions at LTN and its classification. A study of the short and medium-term stability of the response of various detectors was realized, and the results were within the international recommended limits. The influence of the scattered radiation was determined by two techniques: Monte Carlo method and experimentally using a shadow cone and a portable radiation detector calibrated at LNMRI. Some portable monitors were tested at the established set-up. From the results obtained through the simulation, It was shown that the LTN structure is in agreement with the results obtained in other laboratories that offer the same service.

M.Tech. / Thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, is known to be important for the growth and development of animals. A homoeopathic preparation of thyroxine added to the aquaria water of Rana temporaria tadpoles was shown to be capable of either slowing down or accelerating metamorphosis at different stages of development. In addition, ultra high dilutions of hormones (endogenous molecules) have been shown to have physiological effects on the immune system of mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Thyroxine 15CH on the growth and development of laboratory rats. Forty male rats at the Central Animal Services of the University of Witwatersrand were administered either the placebo or Thyroxine 15CH (20 control and 20 treatment) at 16 days of age for 30 consecutive days. Body weight and linear measurements (head-body and tail lengths) were recorded from day 16 to 100 days of age, and rectal temperatures were recorded from day 58 to 100 days of age. Thereafter, rats were euthanased and the brain, heart and liver weighed, total thyroxine blood levels were determined, and bone mineral density and percentage body fat ascertained. Each control rat was paired with a treatment rat of the same litter by initial weight readings taken on day 16 to form 20 experimental couplets. The recorded data was analysed using the ANOVA for repeated measures and paired t-test for single measurements. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the control and treatment groups for all parameters measured (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Thyroxine 15CH did not have any statistically significant effect on the growth and development of laboratory rats. This research does not support the underlying philosophy of homoeopathy which is the Law of Similars, nor does it give evidentiary support to the theory of analogical communication as proposed by Lagache and Bastide. However, certain theories and explanations do exist to explain why no results were found, concluding that further research needs to be conducted in this field.

are under pressure from habitat loss, environmental stress and pathogens including viruses. Research have shown viral infections to be one of the major causes of colony losses. The purpose of this study was to screen three viruses; Deformed wing virus, Slow bee paralysis virus and Acute bee paralysis virus but also three parasites; Nosema spp., Crithidia spp., and Gregarine spp. due to their mortality and the lack of knowledge regarding some of the pathogens’ habitat and hosts. During the years of 2015 and 2016 three bee species were collected in a number of 156 samples including honeybees, bumblebees and solitary bees equally divided. Extraction of RNA and DNA was done using only the abdomen which was homogenised by the use of MixerMill and later extracted on a QIAcube. Real-time qPCR was used in this study as a qualitative screening method. DWV was detected primarily in honeybees, infecting as much as 70 %. The parasite known to have bumblebees as its host, namely Crithidia spp. was detected in 23 % of the honeybees collected, 15 % of the bumblebees and 2 % of the solitary bees. According to the results; Crithidia spp. is no longer a specific parasite found in bumblebees but have broaden its host spectrum to both honeybees and solitary bees. Furthermore, the parasite detected in most samples was Gregarine spp. and was detected in 50 % out of the bees collected suggesting that this parasite is common in Swedish bees.

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