Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1931. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 301-307).

Thesis (M.A.)--Humboldt State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-179). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Apparent increases in sales and price of rural land, recent changes in land taxing procedure and proposed land-use legislation have brought forth a number of land questions among legislators, public officials and the general citizenry of Utah. This study is directed at questions pertaining to land purchases and land buyers in rural Utah counties. A random sample was taken of the land transfer cards on file at the Utah State Tax Commission. Land buyers whose names appeared on the transfer cards and the returned questionnaires were used in the analysis and are the sole basis of the conclusions of the study. General conclusions from the study were: Land-use at the time of the transaction was most frequently agricultural or vacant or idle for acreages and was most frequently nonagricultural for lots. Following the transaction there was a tendency on the part of buyers to change agricultural and vacant or idle land to a different land use. Buyer characteristics such as annual income, buyer age and residence varied among the regions of the state and were important factors in land transfers. About 50 percent of the total dollars spent for land parcels included in the sample went for residential land. Land located near city limits, improved or unimproved, averaged the highest price per acre or lot. The study's conclusions apply only to recorded land transfers on file at the Utah State Tax Commission for the years 1969 through 1971.

No description available.

Gondär est établie comme une ville royale au milieu du XVIIe siècle. Elle se situe au croisement des voies commerciales et proche des terres les plus fertiles. Les rois de Gondär instituent de nombreuses églises qu’ils dotent de domaines. Ils honorent ainsi l’engagement fondateur de leur dynastie selon lequel une partie des terres du royaume est réservée aux religieux. Les églises reçoivent par donation des terres déjà occupées, par réajustement des bénéfices domaniaux. Leurs biens-fonds sont désignés gwәlt, et elles ne peuvent en disposer par la vente, la donation ou la constitution de sûreté. Des clercs obtiennent des concessions appelées rim-s sur les terres des églises. Les ventes de ces rim-s sont, à l’inverse de celles des gwәlt-s, reportées par milliers à Gondär. L’ampleur des transferts fonciers est sans précédent connu dans l’histoire éthiopienne. Pour comprendre ce qu’ils signifient, les concepts de gwәlt et de rim sont définis. Leur régime ainsi que les contextes économiques, sociaux et politiques dans lesquels ils évoluent sont déterminés. Le travail proposé procède en prenant comme cas d’étude un recueil d’actes provenant de l’église de Ḥamärä Noḫ fondée en 1709. Les textes de Ḥamärä Noḫ sont interprétés au moyen de sources contemporaines. L’argumentation considère les actes issus d’autres églises, les commentaires de loi préparés par des clercs de Gondär ainsi que les chroniques royales. Elle intègre aussi les apports des écrits de voyageurs européens.Cette étude essaye de démontrer que le phénomène de ventes de rim-s à Gondär ne marque pas le début d’un marché foncier. Les échanges n’ont pas leur cause en un libre cours de l’offre et de la demande. Ils sont bien plus provoqués par l’endettement des clercs et leur besoin de crédit. Les transferts renforcent les inégalités sociales et les avantages seigneuriaux d’une catégorie de gens proche du pouvoir. / A royal city called Gondär was established in the middle of the XVIIth century in Ethiopia. The city was crossed by trade routes and was close to the most fertile regions. The kings of Gondär were founders of a number of churches endowed with land. The agreement that enabled the royal dynasty to seize power and that reserved a portion of the kingdom to the clergy was thus honoured. Churches received occupied land by a royal donation that reajusted domanial entitlments. Their endowments (gwәlt) were in principle considered perpetual, and this prevented the transfer of the lands by sale, donation or as a security. Clerics received individual holdings called rim from the churches’ domains. Contrary to gwәlt, rim land was transfered in thousands of sales registered in Gondär.The propensity of land transfers was without a known precedent in Ethiopian history. To understand this phenomenon, the concepts of gwәlt and rim will be defined. Their regime as well as the economic, social and political context within which they evolved will also be determined.The thesis will proceed in taking as its case study the church of Ḥamärä Noḫ founded in 1709. The texts from Ḥamärä Noḫ will be interpreted using contemporary sources. The argument will use documentation from other churches, legal commentaries drafted by clerics from Gondär, royal chronicles and European travellers’ views.The study aims to demonstrate that rim sales from Gondär cannot be seen as the beginning of land marketability. The transfers are not the result of an open market where demand and supply meet. They are rather caused by an indebtedness of clerics and their need for credit. As a result of these sales, social inequalities are aggravated and a category of people, close to power, secure their seigniorial advantages.