The goal of this project is to design an urban place which incorporates the power of the forest, specifically water, canopy, green and light. The site chosen is an area proposed for residential development, a site which is presently functioning as a parking lot in the 'Mid-Campus' section of the University of British Columbia. The area of concentration is the area proposed as open space and its connections to the community centre and the surrounding neighbourhood. In order to create a place of powerful experience, I chose phenomenology and associated strategies as a method, working through stages of 'landing', pattern articulation and precedent exploration. These qualitative elements were combined with site structure and program analysis to produce a final design which incorporates three main spaces: Main Mall Plaza, Thunderbird Centre and a reflection pool and rehabilitated forest area. Main Mall Plaza joins the rest of campus with this site, also serving as a social hub and place of prospect over the ocean. Thunderbird Centre provides space for many of the ammenities needed by this new communitity, and is designed with a terraced pool plaza which accentuates the presence of the forest beyond the plaza edge. Numerous walks then wind through the forest and into an existing second growth wood, where the experience of canopy, green and light is accessable. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Accurate and current land use information for urban areas is important for effective management and planning. Over the years, researchers/planners have relied heavily on aerial photographs for land use information of urban areas because of the limitations of deriving more accurate land use estimates from satellite remote sensing data. The main problem involved in producing accurate land use maps of cities and towns from satellite images is that urban areas consist of a complex assemblage of different land cover types, many of which have very similar spectral reflectance characteristics. This is because land use is an abstract concept- n amalgam of economic, social and cultural factors-that is defined in terms of functions rather than forms. The relationship between land use and the multispectral signals detected by a satellite sensor is therefore both complex and indirect. In many European cities, residential areas are characterized by a complex spatial assemblage of tile roof, slate roof, glass roof buildings, as well as tarmac, concrete and pitch roads, and gardens (comprised of grass lawns, trees and plants). In North American cities, roofing materials are more commonly composed of wood and shingles. In both settings all these "objects" together form the residential areas or residential districts of town or city, but each of them has a different spectral reflectance. So, in generating a land use map from remotely sensed image, buildings, roads, gardens, open spaces will be identified separately. Keeping this in mind, this thesis evaluates eight selected land use classification methods for the Vancouver metropolitan area, identifies the most accurate and suitable method for urban land use classification, and produces a land use map of the study area based on the most suitable method. The study area is a part of Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD). It includes Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Delta, and parts of seven other municipalities. The whole area is highly urbanized and commercialized. Agricultural lands are present in the southern part of the study area (which includes parts of Richmond, Delta and Surrey). For this study four sources of data have been used. The 1996 Greater Vancouver regional District (GVRD) land use map is the basic source of land use information. A remotely sensed image of May 1999 (Landsat 7) has been used for the identification of land cover data, Vancouver and Fraser valley orthophotos (May/July 1995) have been used to locate sample sites, and aerial photos of May 1999 (1:30,000) have been used for ground verification. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rizzatti_Helena_M.pdf: 7268751 bytes, checksum: e9f6cd162811c2aee6873855465b863d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente estudo busca compreender o atual processo de urbanização da cidade de Campinas-SP, com ênfase na análise das dinâmicas territoriais a partir de 1990 até 2014, através da pesquisa sobre as duas maiores ocupações de terras urbanas da cidade: a região do Parque Oziel e a região do Jardim Campo Belo. Com o intuito de compreendermos a urbanização corporativa que vem se dando em Campinas-SP analisamos o II Polo de Desenvolvimento de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas (CIATEC), a ampliação do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos e a instalação dos condomínios e loteamentos murados na cidade onde temos a concentração da população de alta renda na sua periferia Norte, a periferia rica. Em contrapartida, destrinchamos os recentes dados da Prefeitura Municipal e do Censo Demográfico (IBGE), de 2010, para demonstrarmos como se adensa a população de baixa renda na Macrorregião Sul, a periferia pobre, onde se localizam as duas ocupações de terras urbanas que estudamos. Ambas conectam-se pela Rodovia Santos Dumont e distam dez quilômetros uma da outra estabelecendo diversas relações no seu cotidiano e, por isso, nos permitindo compreender uma parcela do território da cidade que delimitamos como Região Sul. Para essa delimitação foi necessário retomarmos e refletirmos criticamente sobre as diversas regionalizações do planejamento territorial utilizadas pelo poder público municipal. Apresentamos também as políticas habitacionais municipais voltadas para as moradias irregulares da população de baixa renda. Analisamos, ainda, o recente Plano Municipal de Habitação, de 2011, exigido pela nova política habitacional em âmbito federal que também implantou na cidade o Programa de Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários que atingiu as duas ocupações urbanas estudadas. Debatemos também a implantação e os desdobramentos das leis municipais de regularização do solo urbano, a primeira elaborada pela Assembleia do Povo de Campinas (organização que apresentamos no texto) no ano de 1988, e a segunda, lei 11.834, implantada em 2003, que atinge as duas áreas estudadas. E, por fim, apresentamos e debatemos as contra-racionalidades constituídas a partir das resistências, do cotidiano, do saber local e da comunicação através da análise do processo de formação das ocupações da região do Parque Oziel e do Jardim Campo Belo. Para tal, discutimos a instalação informal das infraestruturas urbanas a partir do momento da ocupação, as Associações de Moradores do Bairro, as informações ascendentes e os fluxos constituídos por essas populações para atingir os serviços de saúde e educação em Campinas e sua Região Metropolitana. Com isso, buscamos mostrar como a população de baixa renda constrói a cidade a partir da formação das enormes periferias urbanas pobres e irregulares intrínsecas à urbanização corporativa incorporada no país / Abstract: This study aims to understand the current urbanization process in the city of Campinas-SP, with emphasis on the analysis of territorial dynamics from 1990 to 2014, through the research on the two largest occupations of urban land in the city: the region of Parque Oziel and the region of Jardim Campo Belo. In order to understand the corporate urbanization that is occurring in Campinas-SP we analyzed the II High Technology Development Pole of Campinas (CIATEC), the expansion of the Viracopos International Airport and the installation of condominiums and subdivisions in the city where is the concentration of high-income population in the northern suburbs, the rich suburbs. In contrast, we unravel recent data from the Municipality and Census (IBGE), 2010, to demonstrate how the low-income population is still concentrated in South suburbs, poor suburbs, where we find the two studied occupations of urban land. They are both connect to the Santos Dumont Highway and set just ten kilometers apart from one another, which establishes various similar relationships in their daily lives and therefore allow us to understand this portion of the city's territory, the delimited Southern Region. It became necessary, for such a delimitation, to resume and reflect critically on the various regionalizations types used in the municipal government's territorial planning. We also present the municipal housing policies for irregular dwellings of low-income population. Furthermore, we analyze the recent Municipal Housing Plan, 2011, required by the new housing policy at the federal level, the same policy which implemented the Precarious Settlements Urbanization Program that also falls on the two urban occupations we studied, and we analyzed this program's implementation in the regions as well. It is also discussed the implementation and deployment of the municipal urban land regularization laws, the first one developed by the People's Assembly of Campinas (an organization shown in the text) in 1988, and the second, by the law 11.834, set in 2003, that reaching the two areas studied. Finally, we present and debate the counter-rationalities estabilished from the resistance, the daily life, local knowledge and communication through the analysis of Parque Oziel and Jardim Campo Belo occupation's formation process. To this end, we discuss from the installation of informal urban infrastructure in the moment of the occupation to the Neighborhood Associations, the upward informations and the flows constituted by the population to achieve health services and education in Campinas and its metropolitan area. Thus, we seek to show how the low-income population builds city by forming huge irregular and poor urban peripheries, all intrinsic to the corporate urbanization already incorporated into the country / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestra em Geografia

Bibliography: leaves 87-91. / This dissertation aims to evaluate the environmental factors within the Liesbeeck and Black River Confluence Area (CA) and on that basis present conclusions which will inform a land-use decision for the area. It has been undertaken in partial fulfilment of the academic requirements of the M. Phil (Environmental Science) course offered by the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science of the University of Cape Town (UCT). It also serves as a working document informing the Cape Town City Council's (CCC) land-use planning for the CA, and for that reason aims for a balance between academic rigour and the concise, pragmatic style of a report. It should also be noted that this study is almost wholly contingent on a baseline document prepared between January and March 1994 by the 1993/94 M. Phil class. That document identified the totality of environmental factors which might influence land-use planning in the CA and is the point of departure of this dissertation.

No description available.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Urban planning and management require up-to-date information about urban land cover. Producing such geospatial information is time consuming as it is usually done manually. The classification of such information from satellite imagery is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with distinguishing urban features having similar spectral properties. Therefore, this study evaluates the combination of a digital surface model (DSM) derived from LiDAR data and very high-resolution GeoEye-1 satellite imagery for classifying urban land cover in Cape Town. The value of the DSM was assessed by comparing a land cover product obtained from the GeoEye-1 image to a map produced using both the GeoEye-1 image and the DSM. A systematic segmentation procedure for the two classifications scenarios preceded a supervised (using a support vector machine, K nearest neighbour and classification and regression algorithm tree classifiers) and rule-based classification. The various approaches were evaluated using a combination of methods. When including the DSM in the supervised and rule-based classifications, the overall accuracy and kappa vary between 80% to 83% and 0.74 to 0.77 respectively. When the DSM is excluded, the overall accuracy ranges between 49 to 64% whereas kappa ranges between 0.32 to 0.53 for the two classification approaches. The accuracies obtained are always about 20% higher when the DSM is included. The normalised DSM (nDSM) enabled accurate discrimination of elevated (e.g. buildings) and non-elevated (e.g. paved surfaces) urban features having similar spectral characteristics. The nDSM of at least one-metre resolution and one metre vertical accuracy influenced the accuracy of the results by correctly differentiating elevated from non-elevated. The rule-based approach was more effective than the supervised classification, particularly for extracting water bodies (dams and swimming pools) and bridges. Consequently, a rule-based approach using very high spatial resolution (EHSR) satellite imagery and a LiDAR-derived DSM is recommended for mapping urban land cover. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stedelike beplanning- en bestuur vereis dat inligting oor grondbedekking (land cover) op datum moet wees. Die vervaardiging van hierdie georuimtelike inligting is tydrowend omdat dit gewoonlik met die hand gedoen word. Die onttrekking van sulke inligting vanuit satellietbeelde bied ʼn groot uitdaging omdat stedelike voorwerpe met soortgelyke spektrale eienskappe moeilik is om van mekaar te onderskei. Hierdie studie evalueer die kombinasie van ʼn digitale oppervlak model (DOM) afkomstig van LiDAR-data en ʼn baie hoë resolusie GeoEye-1-satellietbeeld om stedelike grondbedekking in Kaapstad te klassifiseer. Die waarde van die DOM word bepaal deur ʼn grondbesettingsproduk wat vanuit ʼn GeoEye-1-beeld verkry is te vergelyk met ʼn grondbesettingsproduk wat verkry is deur beide die GeoEye-1-beeld en die DOM te gebruik. Sistematiese segmentasie word op die twee benaderings uitgeoefen en dit word gevolg deur ʼn gekontroleerde klassifikasie (steunvektormasjiene, k-naaste aangrensende waarde en klassifikasie en regressie algoritme) en ʼn reël-gebaseerde algoritme. Hierdie verskeie benaderings is geëvalueer met behulp van ʼn kombinasie van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes. Toe die DOM in die gekontroleerde en reël-gebaseerde klassifikasie ingesluit is, het die algehele akkuraatheid en kappa tussen 80% en 83%, en 74% en 77% gewissel. Toe die DOM uitgesluit is, het die algehele akkuraatheid en kappa tussen 49% en 64%, en 32% en 53% vir die twee klassifikasiebenaderings gewissel. Die behaalde akkurraatheidswaardes is altyd 20% hoër as die DOM ingesluit word. Dit is hoofsaaklik omdat die DOM akkurate onderskeiding tussen hoë (bv. geboue) en plat (bv. geplaveide oppervlaktes) stedelike bakens met gelyksoortige spektrale eienskappe in staat stel. Die kwaliteit van die DOM beïnvloed die akkuraatheid van die resultate. ʼn DOM van ten minste een meter resolusie, met een meter of beter vertikale akkuraatheid, word benodig om te verseker dat geboue en ander beboude bakens korrek van mekaar onderskei kan word. Die reël-gebaseerde benadering was meer effektief as die gekontroleerde klassifikasie, veral om waterliggame (damme en swembaddens) en brûe te identifiseer. Gevolglik word ʼn reël-gebaseerde benadering met die hoë resolusie satellietbeelde en ʼn LiDAR-afgeleide DOM aanbeveel om stedelike grondbesetting te karteer.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In many developing countries, rapid urbanisation continues to substantially transform land from agricultural and rural land uses, as well as natural landscapes into urban areas. This leads to significant changes to the socio-economic fabric and nature of the natural environment. Data to monitor such transformation is often out of date, unreliable, in unstandardised format, cumbersome and expensive to collect or simply unavailable in urban centres of many developing countries. These characteristics inhibit local authorities‘ and other stakeholders‘ capacity to monitor and leverage resources toward sustainable urban development. Sustainable urban land use planning is a major objective of urban planning, but it is difficult to put into practice. This study investigates the efficacy of earth observation (EO) for collecting information required for sustainable urban land use planning and proposes the use of decision consequence analysis (DCA) as a simple and structured way to put sustainable urban development into practice. The study focuses on three central determinants of sustainable urban land use, namely (1) land use change and land use mix, (2) urban sprawl and (3) the urban built-up area. Consequently, urban sustainability indicators of these three components were identified. EO data for Stellenbosch, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, was gathered and used to perform spatio-temporal analyses of the indicators in a geographic information system (GIS). This enabled the establishing of the positive or negative trajectory made toward achieving sustainable urban land use planning. The study demonstrates how the use of EO data, DCA, urban sustainability indicators and GIS can enhance local authorities‘ capacities for monitoring urban sustainability. EO data and urban sustainability indicators were used to develop an urban sustainability toolbox which facilitates evidence-based decision making. The results also show that urban sustainability indicators derived from EO are valuable in providing synoptic, up-to-date, standardised and normalised information on urban areas. Such information would be expensive and cumbersome to collect without the use of EO and GIS. As a result, earth observation will continue to play a key role in monitoring urban sustainability, particularly in developing countries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volgehoue en versnelde verstedeliking wat in baie ontwikkelende lande voorkom is voortdurend besig om landbougrond, plattelandse gebiede en natuurlike landskappe na stedelike areas om te skakel. Dit bring ʼn noemenswaardige verandering in die sosiaal-ekonomiese struktuur en aard van die natuurlike omgewing te wee. Data om hierdie veranderinge te monitor, is dikwels verouderd, onbetroubaar, nie in ʼn standaard formaat nie, omslagtig, te duur om te in te samel of net eenvoudig nie beskikbaar vir baie stedelike sentra van ontwikkelende lande nie. Hierdie faktore beperk plaaslike owerhede en ander belanghebbendes se moniteringskapasiteit en verhinder die beskikbaarstelling van hulpbronne vir volhoubare stedelike ontwikkeling. Beplanning vir volhoubare stedelike grondgebruik is ʼn belanrike doelwit, maar is moeilik om in die praktyk toe te pas. Hierdie studie ondersoek die doeltreffendheid van aardwaarneming (AW) vir die insamel van inligting wat vir volhoubare grondgebruik beplanning nodig is. Die studie stel die gebruik van analise van besluitnemingsgevolge (ABG) as ʼn eenvoudige en gestruktureerde manier voor om volhoubare stedelike ontwikkeling in die praktyk toe te pas. Die ondersoek fokus op drie hoof bepalende faktore van volhoubare stedelike grondgebruik, naamlik (1) verandering en vermenging van grondgebruik, (2) stedelike kruip, en (3) die beboude stedelike gebied. Gevolglik is aanwysers van die stedelike volhoubaarheid van hierdie drie komponente geïdentifiseer. AW-data vir Stellenbosch, 'n dorp in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika, is ingesamel om met behulp van ʼn geografiese inligtingstelsel (GIS) die aanwysers tyd-ruimtelik te analiseer. Dit het dit moontlik gemaak om die positiewe of negatiewe trajekte vir die bereiking van volhoubare stedelike grondgebruiksbeplanning vas te stel. Die studie demonstreer hoe AW-data, ABG, aanwysers van stedelike volhoubaarheid en GIS plaaslike owerhede se kapasiteit vir die monitering van volhoubaarheid in stede kan bevorder. AW-data en stedelike volhoubaarheidsaanwysers is gebruik om 'n stedelike volhoubaarheidsgereedskapkis te ontwikkel wat bewysgebaseerde besluitneming fasiliteer. Die resultate wys ook dat volhoubare stedelike aanwysers afgelei uit AW, nuttig is om sinoptiese, gestandardiseerde en genormaliseerde inligting oor stedelike gebiede te voorsien. Hierdie tipe inligting is duur en omslagtig om in te samel sonder die gebruik van AW en GIS. Gevolglik sal AW voortaan steeds 'n sleutelrol speel in die monitering van stedelike volhoubaarheid, veral in ontwikellende lande.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy