According to Environment Canada, across the country there are currently over 1400 abandoned gas station sites that are contaminated. Unbeknownst to local residents, many of these sites are undergoing remediation. Temporary interventions called remedial landscapes can be designed by landscape architects to communicate to the public the remediation activities, which are otherwise hidden from view. Environmental psychologists note that pro-environmental behaviour stems from increased awareness of environmental degradation. Furthermore, by presenting first hand information in the form of a landscape, people can make their own decisions concerning their role in unsustainable practices. This thesis posits that by experiencing remedial landscapes, people will change their environmental attitudes and or behaviours. Remedial landscapes also offer opportunities for public art and further exploration of alternative forms of remediation. It includes not only precedent studies of other remedial landscapes, but a public perception survey concerning a gas station undergoing remediation in Kerrisdale, Vancouver. The survey indicated that the remediation of contaminated sites is a community concern and that the remediation should be made more visible. Participants also agreed that the use of a designed landscape would be a viable tool for communicating the status of the site. This research informed a set of design guidelines for the Kerrisdale ‘test site.’ A remedial landscape has been designed using these guidelines and is included as part of the thesis. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

This dissertation traces the recovery of the landscape idea during the middle decades of the 20th century by a group of public intellectuals, scholars and designers responding to the everyday realities of the modern American built environment. That recovery served as a corrective to modernism’s construction of landscape as either abstract utopian space or retrogressive historical tableau. The primary catalyst for this renewed interest in landscape as a representation of human cultures and their complex relationship with the natural world was the essayist and critic John Brinckerhoff Jackson and his magazine Landscape. During the years of Jackson’s editorship (1951–1968), the magazine became a locus for intellectual exchange, a gathering place for a community of scholars from different disciplines who were drawn to Jackson’s unique voice. Jackson’s essays in the magazine used the term landscape in a way that was not common outside of the field of human geography. Here landscape did not describe a picturesque or painterly scene, nor did it describe a process of beautification. Jackson wrote of landscapes that seemed somewhat prosaic: the everyday, ordinary environments of city streets, rural farms, individual dwellings, highways and the commercial strip. He insisted that understanding how to read these places for their social, cultural and ecological content was a necessary—though too rarely employed—prelude to imagining new prototypes for the design and management of human environments. The mid-century intellectual milieu fostered by J.B. Jackson ultimately nurtured a contemporary (and still evolving) understanding of landscape as a conceptual medium composed of a diversity of cultures, layers of visible history and hidden narratives and an interdependent human ecology that continues to shape landscape theory and practice today. Keywords: landscape, Landscape magazine, landscape idea, modernism, modernity, 20th century, mid-century, J.B. Jackson, nature, everyday, America, human geography, built environment, architecture, landscape architecture.

The peculiarities of Roman architecture, town planning, and landscape architecture are visible in many of the empire's remaining cities. However, evaluation of the landscapes; and analysis of the urban fabric, spatial compositions, and the concepts and characteristics of its open spaces are missing for Jerash (Gerasa in antiquity) in Jordan. Those missing elements will be discussed in this work, as an example of an urban arrangement that survived through different civilizations in history. To address the characteristics of the exterior spaces in Jerash, a study of the major concepts of planning in Classical Antiquity will be conducted, followed by a comparative analysis of the quality of space and architectural composition in Jerash. Through intensive investigation of data available for the area under study, the historical method used in this paper illustrates the uniqueness of the site's urban morphology and architectural disposition. An analysis will be performed to compare the design composition of the landscape, urban fabric, and open space of Jerash as a provincial Roman city with its existing excavated remains. Such an analysis will provide new information about the role these factors and their relationships played in determining the design layout of the city. Information, such as the relationship between void and solid, space shaping, the ground and ceiling, the composition of city elements, the ancient landscapes, and the relationship between the land and architecture, will be acquired. A computer simulation for a portion of the city will be developed to enable researchers, students and citizens interested in Jordan's past to visualize more clearly what the city looked like in its prime. Such a simulation could result in the revival of the old city of Jerash and help promote its tourism.

Throughout history, zoos have provided humans with the ability to collect, maintain, and learn about local and exotic animals. Zoos play an integral role in conserving species, educating a broad population of people, and preserving critically endangered species (Hone, 2017). Modern zoos have continually sought to improve various aspects of the environment by balancing the care and welfare of captive animals and the experience and education of visitors. This effort comes from the desire to promote ideals of research, conservation, education, and entertainment while also establishing a level of value for maintaining animals and their habitats more authentically. “Zoo and aquarium design should not be simply about creating novel ways to house and view animals; it has to serve a greater purpose, one that engages our visitors in our conservation and animal welfare missions” (Chin, 2016, p.1). This study explores interior, semi-interior, and exterior exhibits in Florida zoos to understand the spaces in which visitors interact with animals and to identify further opportunities. The goal of this research is to develop new ways of integrating the aspects of the visitor experience into unique and diverse settings aimed to satisfy the care and welfare needs of animals. Data will be collected through interviews and behavioral mapping in interior, semi-interior, and exterior exhibits within urban and suburban-classified zoos in the state of Florida. The points of interaction within each of these spaces will be assessed for authenticity by recording behaviors and activities relating to both animal welfare and visitor experience. The results of this study will be used to develop a unique design program which considers participation, benefit, and opportunity for animals and people within interaction points in zoo exhibits. The future of zoo design has the capacity to include a growing number of opportunities in which people can engage animals in more authentic circumstances. By studying and employing opportunities within interior, semi-interior, and exterior exhibits, designers can effectively create spaces which satisfy and enhance the visitor experience while simultaneously supporting the needs of the animals. This will create a zoo experience that gives visitors and animals increased variety in their ability to authentically engage one another (Kemper, 2016). / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Architecture and Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / 2019 / November 4, 2019. / Animal Welfare, Design, Interior Design, Visitor Experience, Zoo / Includes bibliographical references. / Marlo Ransdell, Professor Directing Thesis; Lisa Waxman, Committee Member; Jim Dawkins, Committee Member.

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It is at the interface of the virtual and the physical worlds where both the practice and the process of architecture are generated. This premise will be explored in the context of designing community- or in other words resolving apparently binary relations. This thesis explores the spatial interaction of two autonomous but interrelated systems- for example, the interior and the exterior, the virtual and the physical, human systems and informational systems. The proposed “building” becomes the frame of these relationships. The built project is the landscape of connections shaped by its passengers- the networked individual and the incessant flow of information. “Community” has been sentimentalized in our American culture as the suburban “neighborhood”. By contrast I see community as networked individuality, human sociability which takes place at the interface of the digital and physical worlds and therefore transcends geographical space and time. In effect, community becomes a space of distant intimacy. It is the purpose of this project to materialize this space. Space is what is available; space holds potential. Space is the result of social relations. Spaces are relationships.

The need for a better understanding in how landscape architects perceive plant knowledge is the reason for conducting this research. In recent years articles have been written regarding the decline in the importance of plant materials knowledge in the profession of landscape architecture. In an attempt to better understand how practicing landscape architects in the southeast United States view their own level of plant knowledge and those of their peers, participants were randomly selected from the southeast United States to complete a mail in survey. A majority of respondents had a positive view of their own plant knowledge but viewed others in the profession negatively. Participants in the study believed stronger instruction in school as well as practical experience was the best way to improve plant knowledge in the profession of landscape architecture.

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Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Eric A. Bernard / The profession of landscape architecture is involved in understanding, designing and, or, implementing relationships between social and natural systems within a spatial-temporal context as defined in discipline literature and the 2005 Landscape Architecture Body of Knowledge (LABOK) study. The LABOK outlines core competencies of the profession and fundamental body of knowledge expected from graduates of Landscape Architecture Accreditation Board (LAAB) accredited degree programs. Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is a emerging field aimed at spatial temporal problem solving and has been defined as, “a multi disciplinary research enterprise that addresses the nature of geographic information and the application of geospatial technologies to a basic scientific question” (DiBiase, 5, 2006; Goodchild, 1992). The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (GIS&TBOK) (DiBiase, 121, 2007) outlines educational objectives for the emerging field of GIScience and serves as the resource for course and curriculum planning for academic and professional programs. This study investigated where intersections exist between the spatial temporal problem solving discipline of landscape architecture and emerging field of GIScience based on the respective Body of Knowledge studies. The three phased study: 1) determined overlapping relationships between the LABOK and GIS&T BOK, 2) analyzed overlaps for their ability to help first professional degree landscape architecture programs achieve LAAB curriculum accreditation, and 3) employed a case study method to illustrate how overlaps between the LABOK and GIS&T BOK and relevant to LAAB curriculum accreditation requirements influence curricula development at Kansas Sate University. The study established 887 relationships between the two respective Bodies of Knowledge, of which, 717 were found capable of helping achieve LAAB curriculum accreditation. The study presents key areas of intersection and overlap between LABOK and GIS&T, and provides a framework for integration of GIS&T educational objectives within first professional landscape architecture degree curriculums, in a manner to achieve LAAB curriculum accreditation.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Laurence A. Clement / The Sustainable Sites Initiative (SSI) put forth by the American Society of Landscape Architects and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is a set of standards which promotes sustainable land development and management practices. The SSI allows the role of the landscape architect to become increasingly important with society’s push to be sustainable. This has become evident with the involvement of landscape architects in projects not traditionally associated with the profession. Equestrian facilities that were once designed solely by “horse people” are now being designed by architects and landscape architects. Equestrian facilities are complex developments that have multiple functions and needs, most importantly being the safety of the horse and rider. Kansas State University has determined a need for a new facility to host the equestrian needs of the campus and has chosen a site located near the corner of Kimball Avenue and Denison Avenue, north of the main campus. Using the location chosen by K-State as a hypothetical site, a program for the EquiCenter was developed to meet the needs of the Animal Science Program, the equestrian and rodeo teams and the Equine Assisted Human Development and Rehabilitation Program. Precedent studies informed the early stages of this project and a thorough review of the SSI led to a selection of credits for application in this project. The selected credits were then applied to the equestrian facility program and the site in a design process. Evaluation of the design concepts yielded a determination regarding the ability of this facility to receive a sustainability rating. Due to constraints of the site and the SSI, it has been determined that the K-State EquiCenter will not be eligible to be rated sustainable under the Sustainable Sites Initiative. The SSI presented unique challenges in developing the equestrian facility. These challenges presented opportunities to discuss limitations and recommend changes to the SSI that may allow equestrian facilities to receive a sustainability rating in the future.