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Identifying reference to abstract objects in dialogueArtstein, Ron, Poesio, Massimo January 2006 (has links)
In two experiments, many annotators
marked antecedents for discourse deixis as
unconstrained regions of text. The experiments
show that annotators do converge on
the identity of these text regions, though
much of what they do can be captured by
a simple model. Demonstrative pronouns
are more likely than definite descriptions
to be marked with discourse antecedents.
We suggest that our methodology is suitable
for the systematic study of discourse
deixis.
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Measuring and reconstructing pointing in visual contextsKranstedt, Alfred, Lücking, Andy, Pfeiffer, Thies, Rieser, Hannes, Staudacher, Marc January 2006 (has links)
We describe an experiment to gather original
data on geometrical aspects of pointing.
In particular, we are focusing upon
the concept of the pointing cone, a geometrical
model of a pointing’s extension.
In our setting we employed methodological
and technical procedures of a new type
to integrate data from annotations as well
as from tracker recordings. We combined
exact information on position and orientation
with rater’s classifications. Our first
results seem to challenge classical linguistic
and philosophical theories of demonstration
in that they advise to separate
pointings from reference.
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Verbal or visual? : How information is distributed across speech and gesture in spatial dialogBergmann, Kirsten, Kopp, Stefan January 2006 (has links)
In spatial dialog like in direction giving
humans make frequent use of speechaccompanying
gestures. Some gestures
convey largely the same information as
speech while others complement speech.<br>
This paper reports a study on how speakers
distribute meaning across speech and gesture,
and depending on what factors. Utterance
meaning and the wider dialog context
were tested by statistically analyzing
a corpus of direction-giving dialogs. Problems
of speech production (as indicated by
discourse markers and disfluencies), the
communicative goals, and the information
status were found to be influential, while
feedback signals by the addressee do not
have any influence.
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Cross recurrence quantification analysis of indefinite anaphora in Swedish dialog : an eye-tracking pilot experimentDiderichsen, Philip January 2006 (has links)
A new method is used in an eye-tracking
pilot experiment which shows that it is
possible to detect differences in common
ground associated with the use of
minimally different types of indefinite
anaphora. Following Richardson and
Dale (2005), cross recurrence quantification
analysis (CRQA) was used to
show that the tandem eye movements of
two Swedish-speaking interlocutors are
slightly more coupled when they are using
fully anaphoric indefinite expressions
than when they are using less anaphoric
indefinites. This shows the potential of
CRQA to detect even subtle processing
differences in ongoing discourse.
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Multi-modal integration for gesture and speechLücking, Andy, Rieser, Hannes, Staudacher, Marc January 2006 (has links)
Demonstratives, in particular gestures that "only"
accompany speech, are not a big issue in current
theories of grammar. If we deal with gestures,
fixing their function is one big problem, the
other one is how to integrate the representations
originating from different channels and, ultimately,
how to determine their composite meanings. The
growing interest in multi-modal settings, computer
simulations, human-machine interfaces and VRapplications
increases the need for theories ofmultimodal
structures and events. <br>In our workshopcontribution
we focus on the integration of multimodal
contents and investigate different approaches
dealing with this problem such as Johnston et al.
(1997) and Johnston (1998), Johnston and Bangalore
(2000), Chierchia (1995), Asher (2005), and
Rieser (2005).
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Acquiring words across generations : introspectively or interactively?Macura, Zoran, Ginzburg, Jonathan January 2006 (has links)
How does a shared lexicon arise in population
of agents with differing lexicons,
and how can this shared lexicon be maintained
over multiple generations? In order
to get some insight into these questions
we present an ALife model in
which the lexicon dynamics of populations
that possess and lack metacommunicative
interaction (MCI) capabilities are
compared. <br>We ran a series of experiments
on multi-generational populations
whose initial state involved agents possessing
distinct lexicons. These experiments
reveal some clear differences in the
lexicon dynamics of populations that acquire
words solely by introspection contrasted
with populations that learn using
MCI or using a mixed strategy of introspection
and MCI. <br>The lexicon diverges
at a faster rate for an introspective population,
eventually collapsing to one single
form which is associated with all meanings.
This contrasts sharply with MCI capable
populations in which a lexicon is
maintained, where every meaning is associated
with a unique word. We also investigated
the effect of increasing the meaning
space and showed that it speeds up the
lexicon divergence for all populations irrespective
of their acquisition method.
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Clarifying spatial descriptions : local and global effects on semantic co-ordinationMills, Gregory J., Healey, Patrick G. T. January 2006 (has links)
A key problem for models of dialogue is
to explain the mechanisms involved in
generating and responding to clarification
requests. We report a 'Maze task' experiment
that investigates the effect of
'spoof' clarification requests on the development
of semantic co-ordination.
The results provide evidence of both local
and global semantic co-ordination
phenomena that are not captured by existing
dialogue co-ordination models.
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Goal-oriented dialog as a collaborative subordinated activity involving collective acceptanceSaget, Sylvie, Guyomard, Marc January 2006 (has links)
Modeling dialog as a collaborative activity
consists notably in specifying the contain
of the Conversational Common Ground
and the kind of social mental state involved.<br>
In previous work (Saget, 2006),
we claim that Collective Acceptance is the
proper social attitude for modeling Conversational
Common Ground in the particular
case of goal-oriented dialog. We
provide a formalization of Collective Acceptance,
besides elements in order to integrate
this attitude in a rational model of
dialog are provided; and finally, a model of
referential acts as being part of a collaborative
activity is provided. The particular
case of reference has been chosen in order
to exemplify our claims.
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Scorekeeping in an uncertain language gameDeVault, David, Stone, Matthew January 2006 (has links)
Received views of utterance context in
pragmatic theory characterize the occurrent
subjective states of interlocutors using
notions like common knowledge or
mutual belief. <br>We argue that these views
are not compatible with the uncertainty
and robustness of context-dependence in
humanhuman dialogue. We present an alternative
characterization of utterance context
as objective and normative. This
view reconciles the need for uncertainty
with received intuitions about coordination
and meaning in context, and can directly
inform computational approaches to
dialogue.
<br><br>
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Modeling anaphora in informal mathematical dialogueWolska, Magdalena, Ivana Kruijff-Korbayová January 2006 (has links)
We analyze anaphoric phenomena in
the context of building an input understanding
component for a conversational
system for tutoring mathematics.<br>
In this paper, we report the results
of data analysis of two sets of corpora
of dialogs on mathematical theorem
proving. We exemplify anaphoric
phenomena, identify factors relevant to
anaphora resolution in our domain and
extensions to the input interpretation
component to support it.
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