As crescentes transformações da linguagem nos contextos sócio-cultural, tecnológico e econômico atuais, representando novas formas de produção de significado associadas a outras formas de comunicar e interagir, produzem dinâmicas que suscitam substantivos desafios na esfera da aprendizagem. Novos modos de ensinar e aprender fazem-se necessários para conferir sentido ao texto, que, criado sob as ferramentas da linguagem digital, transforma-se em um hipertexto, cujos links - elementos de ligação entre diferentes textos , direcionam o leitor a um novo texto, em outra página ou em novo site da internet. Com seus múltiplos caminhos a seguir, o hipertexto pode conduzir a um conhecimento fragmentário e efêmero, a uma grande coleta de informações, mas com poucas relações e sentidos. A presente pesquisa tem por escopo verificar o potencial uso de mapas de relevância para o combate à fragmentação, à perda de sentido, que servem a projetos prefigurados em narrativas constitutivas dos significados. Para este estudo, adotamos uma investigação teórica cujo ponto de partida consistiu na revisão bibliográfica acerca das concepções de conhecimento, mapas e narrativas. Teceram-se, nesse sentido, reflexões concernentes às múltiplas acepções desses conceitos, mormente no que toca à função do processo cultural e às potencialidades educacionais no desenvolvimento cognitivo do sujeito. Pretendese, na presente investigação, promover uma reflexão acerca da ação docente e sugerir contribuições direcionadas ao mapeamento e à narrativa, com vista à construção do conhecimento, destacando-se tanto as potencialidades educativas que podem advir do uso efetivo dessas estratégias quanto as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. / The increasing transformations of the language in current the social, cultural, technological and economic context, represent new formats of meaning production that is associated with other ways to communicate and interact as they produce a dynamic that emerges challenges in learning sphere. New modes of teaching and learning are necessary to give meaning to the text that when is created using digital tolls, is transformed into a hypertext, whose links - connection elements between different texts, direct the reader to a new text in another webpage or on a new internet site. With its multiple paths to follow, the hypertext can lead to a fragmented and ephemeral knowledge, a large collection of informations, but with few relations and meanings. The present research aims to verify the potential use of relevance maps to fight fragmentation, the loss of meaning, which serves prefigured projects in narratives that have meanings. For this study, it was chosen a theoretical investigation whose starting point consisted in a bibliographical revision about concepts of knowledge, maps, and narratives. In that sense, some reflections pertaining to the multiple meanings of these concepts where made, especially in regards with the function of the cultural process and the educational potential on the cognitive development of the subject. The objective of the present research, promotes a reflection on action-teaching and suggests contributions directed to mapping and narrative, that aims building knowledge, highlighting both the potential education that can come from effective use of these strategies as active learning methodologies.

As crescentes transformações da linguagem nos contextos sócio-cultural, tecnológico e econômico atuais, representando novas formas de produção de significado associadas a outras formas de comunicar e interagir, produzem dinâmicas que suscitam substantivos desafios na esfera da aprendizagem. Novos modos de ensinar e aprender fazem-se necessários para conferir sentido ao texto, que, criado sob as ferramentas da linguagem digital, transforma-se em um hipertexto, cujos links - elementos de ligação entre diferentes textos , direcionam o leitor a um novo texto, em outra página ou em novo site da internet. Com seus múltiplos caminhos a seguir, o hipertexto pode conduzir a um conhecimento fragmentário e efêmero, a uma grande coleta de informações, mas com poucas relações e sentidos. A presente pesquisa tem por escopo verificar o potencial uso de mapas de relevância para o combate à fragmentação, à perda de sentido, que servem a projetos prefigurados em narrativas constitutivas dos significados. Para este estudo, adotamos uma investigação teórica cujo ponto de partida consistiu na revisão bibliográfica acerca das concepções de conhecimento, mapas e narrativas. Teceram-se, nesse sentido, reflexões concernentes às múltiplas acepções desses conceitos, mormente no que toca à função do processo cultural e às potencialidades educacionais no desenvolvimento cognitivo do sujeito. Pretendese, na presente investigação, promover uma reflexão acerca da ação docente e sugerir contribuições direcionadas ao mapeamento e à narrativa, com vista à construção do conhecimento, destacando-se tanto as potencialidades educativas que podem advir do uso efetivo dessas estratégias quanto as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. / The increasing transformations of the language in current the social, cultural, technological and economic context, represent new formats of meaning production that is associated with other ways to communicate and interact as they produce a dynamic that emerges challenges in learning sphere. New modes of teaching and learning are necessary to give meaning to the text that when is created using digital tolls, is transformed into a hypertext, whose links - connection elements between different texts, direct the reader to a new text in another webpage or on a new internet site. With its multiple paths to follow, the hypertext can lead to a fragmented and ephemeral knowledge, a large collection of informations, but with few relations and meanings. The present research aims to verify the potential use of relevance maps to fight fragmentation, the loss of meaning, which serves prefigured projects in narratives that have meanings. For this study, it was chosen a theoretical investigation whose starting point consisted in a bibliographical revision about concepts of knowledge, maps, and narratives. In that sense, some reflections pertaining to the multiple meanings of these concepts where made, especially in regards with the function of the cultural process and the educational potential on the cognitive development of the subject. The objective of the present research, promotes a reflection on action-teaching and suggests contributions directed to mapping and narrative, that aims building knowledge, highlighting both the potential education that can come from effective use of these strategies as active learning methodologies.

Radiology departments utilize various visualization techniques of patients&rsquo / bodies, and narrative free text reports describing the findings in these visualizations are written by medical doctors. The information within these narrative reports is required to be extracted for medical information systems. Turkish is an highly agglutinative language and this poses problems in information retrieval and extraction from Turkish free texts. In this thesis one rule-based and one data-driven alternate methods for information retrieval and structured information extraction from Turkish radiology reports are presented. Contrary to previous studies in medical NLP systems, both of these methods do not utilize any medical lexicon or ontology. Information extraction is performed on the level of extracting medically related phrases from the sentence. The aim is to measure baseline performance Turkish language can provide for medical information extraction and retrieval, in isolation of other factors.

The main goal of the diploma thesis "Content and Language Integrated Learning with ICT using the Interactive Whiteboard" is to provide a comprehensible assessment of the potential benefits of employing CLIL during ICT lessons. The thesis focuses on the recent history of CLIL and its roots as well as the official support it receives from the European Union. This work also takes a look at the advantages CLIL has to offer and why anybody should consider using it. This work goes on to suggest some basic questions a teacher should ask him/herself when considering whether to employ CLIL or not. The Practical Part is focused on creating a series of activities that may serve as an example of using CLIL during ICT lessons while making use of the Interactive Whiteboard, one of the new tools that is available to an increasing number of schools. The Practical Part also includes sample files to be opened on the Interactive Whiteboard, the age range of learners for whom the activity is intended, their learning context, aims and expected learning outcomes for each activity as well as the kinds of tasks included in each activity and the expected problems. Key Words: CLIL, Content and Language Integrated Learning, ICT, Information and Communication Technology, IWB, Interactive Whiteboard, second language,...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T16:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Carla.pdf: 23507425 bytes, checksum: b08fca6c8eacdc0fd5d075a385f235e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-05 / Knowledge systems are a suitable computational approach to solve complex problems and to provide decision support. Ontologies are an approach for knowledge representation about an application domain, allowing the semantic processing of information and, through more precise interpretation of information, turning systems more effective and usable. Ontology Population looks for instantiating the constituent elements of an ontology, like properties and non-taxonomic relationships. Manual population by domain experts and knowledge engineers is an expensive and time consuming task. Fast ontology population is critical for the success of knowledge-based applications. Thus, automatic or semi-automatic approaches are needed. This work proposes a generic process for Automatic Ontology Population by specifying its phases and the techniques used to perform the activities on each phase. It also proposes a domain-independent process for automatic population of ontologies (DIAOPPro) from text that applies natural language processing and information extraction techniques to acquire and classify ontology instances. This is a new approach for automatic ontology population that uses an ontology to automatically generate rules to extract instances from text and classify them in ontology classes. These rules can be generated from ontologies of any domain, making the proposed process domain independent. To evaluate DIAOP-Pro four case studies were conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness and feasibility. In the first one we evaluated the effectiveness of phase "Identification of Candidate instances" comparing the results obtained by applying statistical techniques with those of purely linguistic techniques. In the second experiment we evaluated the feasibility of the phase "Construction of a Classifier", through the automatic generation of a classifier. The last two experiments evaluated the effectiveness of DIAOP-Pro into two distinct domains: the legal and the tourism domains. The results indicate that our approach can extract and classify instances with high effectiveness with the additional advantage of domain independence. / A demanda por sistemas baseado em conhecimento é crescente considerando suas aptidões para a solução de problemas complexos e para a tomada de decisão. As ontologias são formalismos para a representação de conhecimento de um dado domínio, que permitem o processamento semântico das informações e, através de interpretações mais precisas das informações, os sistemas apresentam maior efetividade e usabilidade. O povoamento de ontologias visa a instanciação de propriedades e relacionamentos não taxonômicos de classes de ontologias. Entretanto, o povoamento manual de ontologias por especialistas de domínio e engenheiros do conhecimemto é uma tarefa cara e que consome muito tempo. O povoamento de ontologias rápido e com baixo custo é crucial para o sucesso de aplicações baseadas em conhecimento. Portanto, torna-se fundamental uma semi-automatização ou automatização desse processo. Esta tese propõe um processo genérico para o problema do Povoamento Automático de Ontologias, especificando suas fases e técnicas que podem ser aplicadas em cada uma delas. É também proposto um Processo Independente de Domínio para o Povoamento Automático de Ontologias (DIAOP-Pro) a partir de fontes textuais, que aplica técnicas de processamento da linguagem natural e extração de informação para adquirir e classificar instâncias de ontologias. O DIAOP-Pro se constitui em uma abordagem original uma vez que propõe o povoamento automático de ontologias utilizando uma ontologia para a geração automática de regras para extrair instâncias a partir de textos e classifica-as como instâncias de classes da ontologia. Estas regras podem ser geradas a partir de ontologias específicas de qualquer domínio, tornando o processo independente de domínio. Para avaliar o processo DIAOP-Pro foram conduzidos quatro estudos de caso de modo a demonstrar a sua efetividade e viabilidade. O primeiro estudo de caso foi realizado para avaliar a efetividade da fase Identificação de Instâncias Candidatas , no qual foram comparados os resultados obtidos com a aplicação de técnicas estatísticas e de técnicas puramente lingüísticas. O segundo estudo de caso foi realizado para avaliar a viabiliadade da fase Construção de um Classificador , através da experimentação com a geração automática do classificador. O terceiro e o quarto estudo de caso foram realizados para avaliar a efetividade do processo proposto em dois domínios distintos, o jurídico e o turístico. Os resultados indicam que o processo DIAOP-Pro povoa ontologias específicas de qualquer domínio com boa efetividade e com a vantagem adicional da independência do domínio.

The main archive of life sciences literature currently contains more than 18,000,000 references, and it is virtually impossible for any human to stay up-to-date with this large number of papers, even in a specific sub-domain. Not every fact that is reported in the literature is novel and distinct. Scientists report repeat experiments, or refer to previous findings. Given the large number of publications, it is not surprising that information on certain topics is repeated over a number of publications. From consensus to contradiction, there are all shades of agreement between the claimed facts in the literature, and considering the volume of the corpus, conflicting findings are not unlikely. Finding such claims is particularly interesting for scientists, as they can present opportunities for knowledge consolidation and future investigations. In this thesis we present a method to extract and contextualise statements about molecular events as expressed in the biomedical literature, and to find those that potentially conflict each other. The approach uses a system that detects event negations and speculation, and combines those with contextual features (e.g. type of event, species, and anatomical location) to build a representational model for establishing relations between different biological events, including relations concerning conflicts. In the detection of negations and speculations, rich lexical, syntactic, and semantic features have been exploited, including the syntactic command relation. Different parts of the proposed method have been evaluated in a context of the BioNLP 09 challenge. The average F-measures for event negation and speculation detection were 63% (with precision of 88%) and 48% (with precision of 64%) respectively. An analysis of a set of 50 extracted event pairs identified as potentially conflicting revealed that 32 of them showed some degree of conflict (64%); 10 event pairs (20%) needed a more complex biological interpretation to decide whether there was a conflict. We also provide an open source integrated text mining framework for extracting events and their context on a large-scale basis using a pipeline of tools that are available or have been developed as part of this research, along with 72,314 potentially conflicting molecular event pairs that have been generated by mining the entire body of accessible biomedical literature. We conclude that, whilst automated conflict mining would need more comprehensive context extraction, it is feasible to provide a support environment for biologists to browse potential conflicting statements and facilitate data and knowledge consolidation.

This master's thesis deals with the design of a distributed information system, where the data distribution is based on semantic technologies. The project analyzes the semantic web technologies with the focus on information exchange between information systems and the related terms, mainly ontologies, ontology languages and the Resource description framework. Furthermore, there is described a proposal an ontology which is used to describe the data exchanged between the systems and the technologies used to implement distributed information system. The most important of them are Java Server Faces and Sesame.

Eidgenössische Techn. Hochsch., Diss.--Zürich, 2003.

No description available.