Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-138) Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1994. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [246]-253).

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1994. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [246]-253).

Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira Guimarães / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:37:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bisinoto_LeilaSalomaoJacob_D.pdf: 807360 bytes, checksum: 95723eeb4c114290f6d5a42307489f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho, inscrito no domínio da História das Idéias Lingüísticas, dedica-se a discutir as políticas lingüístico-pedagógicas do Brasil das últimas quatro décadas, com foco especial na problemática produzida pelo uso das variedades do português em território nacional. Não se pretende, entretanto, fazer desse recorte temporal a base de uma historiografia presa a seqüência e cronologia de fatos; ao contrário, pensa-se uma história em movimento, perpassada pelos processos que a tecem e impregnada das contradições, dos conflitos e dos embates que a determinam. A partir do exame de textos propositivos e regulamentares produzidos pelas instituições estatais, procura-se investigar duas questões fundamentais: a inserção do conhecimento produzido pela Lingüística nos rumos traçados para o ensino da língua no país e a forma como o Estado administra internamente a heterogeneidade lingüística. A normativização da língua e os grandes movimentos migratórios são aqui considerados fatores determinantes da configuração e afirmação da língua nacional brasileira e das relações políticas e lingüísticas no meio social. Tomando os aportes teórico-metodológicos da Semântica da Enunciação, foram realizadas análises de excertos textuais que permitem identificar os meandros do discurso jurídico que encobrem os sentidos preservados da hegemonia da língua formal no Brasil e o imaginário da língua homogênea, enquanto que, paradoxalmente, remetem à escola a responsabilidade por um comportamento moral social,traduzido pelo ¿respeito aos diferentes modos de falar do outro¿. As teorias sociolingüísticas, amplamente evocadas no arcabouço jurídico-pedagógico como suporte das políticas de língua no país, sobretudo com relação ao trato dado às variedades do português, são neste trabalho abordadas com o intuito de tentar demonstrar os limites de sua contribuição à prática escolar e, oportunamente, discorrer sobre algumas questões transversais, porém não menos importantes, que afetam as relações entre a ciência e o jurídico / Abstract: The present work, inscribed in the range of the History of Linguistic Ideas, is dedicated to the discussion of the political linguistic pedagogic policies in Brazil over the last four decades, focusing on the problems caused by the use of varieties of Portuguese in the Brazilian territory. It is not aimed, however, at making this period of time the basis of a historiography limited to a sequence and chronology of facts; on the contrary, we thing of a history in movement, passed by the processes that make it up and impregnated with contradictions, conflicts and reverses that are determinant. From the analysis of a selection proposing and regulatory texts produced by State institutions, we try to investigate two fundamental questions: the insertion of the knowledge constructed by Linguistics in the paths made by the language teaching in the country and the form in which the State internally manages the linguistic heterogeneity. The regulation of the language and the large migratory movements are thus considered as determining factors of the configuration and assertion of the national Brazilian language and of the political and linguistic relations in society. Considering the theoretical and methodological support subsidies formulated by Enunciation Semantics, some analysis of text extracts were made which enable the identification of the entanglements of the juridical language which hide the meaning preserved by the hegemony of the formal language in Brazil and the imaginary of the homogeneous language, while, paradoxically, they claim the school as responsible for a social and moral behavior, called ¿respect for the other way of speaking¿. The sociolinguistic theories, widely known in the juridical and pedagogical framework as the support of language policies in the country, moreover in relation to the attention given to the Portuguese varieties, are studied in this work the aim of trying to demonstrate the limits of their contribution to the school practice and, opportunely, analyze some transversal questions, but not less relevant, which affect the relations between science and the juridical / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Migrating source code from one programming language to another is a common task in software development. This migration can be done by completely rewriting the code in the target language, or it can be facilitated through code-reuse or automation techniques. This thesis explores both approaches. For code-reuse, two new cross-language code search techniques are proposed that enable developers to search for code in one language using code from another. These techniques address the limitations of existing methods in the context of code migration. The first technique leverages a Siamese network combined with Word2Vec embeddings, while the second employs transformers. For code automation, the concept of Translation Types is introduced to categorize code translations. An empirical study was conducted to analyze the differences between human-translated and machine-translated code. Based on these findings, two multi-output code translation techniques were developed that produce multiple translations aligned with the different styles that developers use when translating their code. The first tool employs a denoising autoencoder and a blueprint-guided beam search algorithm to generate translations of specific types. This algorithm mimics the translation operations that developers apply in similar software projects. The second tool utilizes GPT-4 with a specialized prompt to generate translations tailored to the requested types. In the evaluation, these approaches produced automated code translations that better aligned with developer preferences while maintaining correctness compared to existing methods. / Doctor of Philosophy / In the world of software development, it is often necessary to convert code written in one programming language into another. This process can be quite time-consuming, especially if developers have to rewrite everything from scratch. To make this task easier, this thesis explores two approaches: finding reusable code snippets in other languages and using automated tools to translate code. Firstly, this thesis presents two techniques that help developers search for similar code written in different programming languages. These techniques aim to accurately retrieve potential code snippets, ensuring that developers find what they need quickly, with the most relevant results appearing at the top of the list. The two techniques use machine learning models to understand and match code across languages. Additionally, this thesis explores ways to automate code translation by recognizing that different developers have their own style when translating code. A taxonomy of "Translation Types" is introduced to capture these differences. After studying how human and machine translations vary, two existing tools were adapted to generate translations. The first tool uses machine learning to create translations based on common developer patterns, while the second employs the powerful GPT-4 model to produce translations tailored to specific developer styles. Overall, the presented approaches in this thesis enable developers to convert code accurately and efficiently, reducing the time and effort needed for software migration.

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(in English): This diploma thesis is focused on the Russian-speaking immigrants living in the Czech Republic, specifically on a group of those originating in Ukraine. It deals mainly with their speech behaviour during speeches in the language of the target country of their emigration, i.e., the Czech language, on the background of sociological, cultural and economic aspects. The thesis is divided into three basic chapters. The first chapter provides a brief description of the Russian-speaking emigration with the emphasis on the Ukrainian emigration. The main waves of the Ukrainian emigration from the end of 19th century to the present are described in this chapter. The target group of the study is the Ukrainian emigration after the fall of the communist regime in 1989 which is mainly concerned about the immigration of Czech compatriots and of labour emigration. Basic research strategies and the methodology of the study are described in the second chapter. Mainly qualitative research methods as well as quantitative methods were used in the thesis and the results of the quantitative method serve primarily to ensure the validity of the study during the linguistic analysis of individual respondents. The last chapter focuses on the research itself, it describes its process and results which stem from...