The term "ghetto" has an ambiguous meaning in American society. The term frequently has been used as either a noun or an adjective. As a noun the term "ghetto" is often used to describe a place - Small describes the ghetto as a: "…a particular type of neighborhood; it exhibits a cohesive set of characteristics, such as deteriorating housing, crime, depopulation, and social isolation…"(2008: 78.) This description as a noun is indicative of unsavory social conditions and climate that fosters an unproductive populace. As an adjective the term remains more difficult to solidly define. The bulk of available research often has worked to define what the "ghetto" is in reference to a physical location. The term seems to be more pervasive than simply being a place; it can be used to describe people, particular behaviors and traits as well as objects. The current study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of what a 'ghetto' is and how the word is used in a variety of ways. This study will analyze the multifaceted applications of the term 'ghetto' and how the term works to promote negative socioeconomic racialized ideologies. This study is pertinent because it addresses issues of institutionalized discrimination and prejudiced language. Findings are predicted to address the manners in which discrimination functions through language usage.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-22T14:24:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Izabella Regina Basso Pimentel.pdf: 2359278 bytes, checksum: b9ec0d090e559058ee10a456418b5a91 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T14:24:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Izabella Regina Basso Pimentel.pdf: 2359278 bytes, checksum: b9ec0d090e559058ee10a456418b5a91 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study addresses the importance of approaching language variation in a country school and presents a proposition of pedagogical intervention on the subject. Based on theoretical studies and empirical knowledge on the subject, the main goal was to elaborate a pedagogical proposition for the Elementary School with the aim to contribute to the teaching of Portuguese under a sociolinguistically responsive perspective. In order to reach the proposed goal, research was based on theoretical-methodological assumptions of Sociolinguistics and Educational Sociolinguistics, especially with contributions of Calvet (2002), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004; 2005; 2014), Bagno (2007; 2008), Labov (2008), Mollica (2010) and Faraco (2011). It is, therefore, a qualitative research, combining literature review and action research, carried out in an 8th grade class of Heitor Cavalcanti de Alencar Furtado State Country School, in the community of Jotaesse, Tupãssi, West of Paraná. The empirical data for elaborating the didactic unit for the students were collected through direct observation, questionnaire survey and interview with parents and grandparents of the students involved. The material elaborated is based on the analysis of records of the interviews, theoretical excerpts from various sources regarding language variation and linguistic norms, as well as records of oral interactions between the students involved. The aim, with the application of the didactic unit, was to raise the student’s awareness on language variation, promote the identification of their own language variety and demystify language prejudice, without ignoring the role of schools in providing gradual mastery of the cultured norm, valued in some contexts of interaction. / Este estudo discute a importância da abordagem da variação linguística no contexto da escola do campo e apresenta uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica sobre o tema. A partir de estudos teóricos e de conhecimento empírico sobre a temática, traçou-se, como objetivo geral, elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para o Ensino Fundamental com o intuito de contribuir para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa em uma perspectiva sociolinguisticamente sensível. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, a pesquisa se fundamentou nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística e da Sociolinguística Educacional, com contribuições principalmente de Calvet (2002), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004; 2005; 2014), Bagno (2007; 2008), Labov (2008), Mollica (2010) e Faraco (2011). Trata-se, portanto, de pesquisa bibliográfica aliada à pesquisa-ação, de cunho qualitativo, realizada em uma turma de 8º ano do Colégio Estadual do Campo Heitor Cavalcanti de Alencar Furtado, na comunidade de Jotaesse, no Município de Tupãssi, localizado no Oeste do Paraná. O levantamento de dados empíricos para a construção da unidade didática trabalhada com os alunos foi realizado por meio de observação direta e de aplicação de questionário e entrevista com pais e avós dos alunos envolvidos. O material elaborado se pauta na análise dos áudios das entrevistas e de trechos teóricos de várias fontes a respeito da variação linguística e normas linguísticas, bem como de interações orais dos próprios alunos envolvidos. Buscou-se, com a aplicação da unidade didática, a conscientização do aluno sobre a variação linguística, o reconhecimento da própria variedade e a desmistificação do preconceito linguístico, sem perder de vista a função da escola de proporcionar o gradativo domínio da norma culta, valorizada em alguns contextos de interação.

The goal of the present dissertation is to display the reconstruction of the concept of understanding which has down through the history of philosophy been used as the synonym of knowing. Hence, my main intention is to focus on the Heidegger&rsquo / s and Gadamer&rsquo / s critique of epistemological conception of understanding and their reevaluation of this concept in terms of ontology. Finally, I will try to examine the similarities and dissimilarities between the philosophers and try to call attention to their emphasis on finite and historically conditioned human understanding. To fulfill the task I put forward, I shall apply to early Heidegger&rsquo / s magnum opus Being and Time (1927) and Gadamer&rsquo / s most influential book Truth and Method (1960).