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Weak but not meek an international society explanation of asymmetric deterrence /Tuchman, Paula Schrier. January 1995 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 1995. / Adviser: John R. Freeman. Includes bibliographical references.
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Identity watershed : the work of Jean Arasanayagam as narrative of trauma and experience /Vriend, Danielle M. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-150). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11917
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The development of a new elite in Ceylon, with special reference to educational and occupational background, 1910-1931Fernando, P. T. M. January 1968 (has links)
One of the consequences of British rule in Ceylon was the gradual disintegration of the traditional social order with its structure of authority and influence. In the traditional social system, power and prestige were derived from caste and kinship. The caste system restricted the life chances of individuals to very narrow limits, and the authority of the traditional elite, comprising of 'high caste' royal officials, was theoretically inviolable. But British rule changed all this. The administrative and economic changes introduced in the 19th century, together with English education, offered the individual new avenues for social advancement. Since English was the language of administration, proficiency in English became indispensible for government employment. The English educated 'colonial elite' of government servants (and in the course of time, professional men) acted as intermediaries between the small cadre of British officials who represented the raj in Ceylon and the masses. This new elite who owed their social position mainly to western education, came to eclipse in power and prestige the old nobility. This process of change in native leadership developed gradually but steadily in the 19th century and by the turn of this century the western educated community had emerged as an important element of Ceylonese society. This study shows their development in the period, 1910-1931, primarily, in terms of their growing involvement in public life and the increasing access to political power. In 1910 the western educated had little political influence, but they were considered sufficiently important and distinct to be given separate representation in the Legislative Council. After 1931, with universal franchise, the masses also participated in political activity. But the years in between saw the political scene dominated almost exclusively by the new elite. This period was chosen for study because it was in these two decades that the western educated elite developed into a position of undisputed leadership in the Ceylonese community.
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The rise and decline of Chola power in CeylonWijetunga, Wijetunga Mudalige Karunaratna January 1962 (has links)
The present thesis attempts to critically examine the rise, decline and effects of Coḷa rule over the northern half of Ceylon during the first three quarters of the eleventh century. The short introduction explains the need for a comprehensive investigation into many of the more important aspects of those critical years. It also stresses the need for a closer examination of the motives "behind the sudden expansion of Coḷa power outside India. This is followed by a chapter (i) on the Sources pertaining to our study. The main study begins with Chapter II with an account of the relations between Ceylon and South India up to the tenth century. Chapter III traces the rise of the Coḷa Vijayalaya line in South India and its impact on Ceylon. This becomes evident with the accession of Parantaka I (906-955 A.C.). But in spite of his attempt to conquer Ceylon the position remained unchanged till the accession of Rajaraja I (985-955 A.C.). There is also a conflicting account of an Indian invasion of the north of Ceylon in the time of Mahinda IV (956-972 A.C.). Chapter IV is devoted to the Coḷa occupation of Rajarattha in the time of Rajaraja I, and the consolidation of their power during the reigns Rajendra I and Rajadhiraja I. Chapter V covers the vital phase of the struggle between the Sinhalese and the Coḷas. Taking advantage of the difficulties of the Coḷas following the death of Virara-jendra the Sinhalese under the leadership of Vijayabahu I were able to overthrow the power of the Coḷas in Ceylon. Thus their power in Ceylon came to an end, but the relations between the Sinhalese and the Coḷas continued to be unfriendly for over another hundred years. Chapter VI is devoted to a study of the administration of Rajaratha (Anuradhapura kingdom) and its economic conditions under the Coḷas. What we have undertaken here is the first serious survey of its kind. The last chapter (VII) discusses the effect of the Coḷa occupation on the society and religion in Ceylon. The more important results of our investigations are summarised in a Conclusion.
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Desenvolvimento de padrões de zircão para geocronologia U-Pb e análises isotópicas de Hf por laser ablation ICP-MS.Santos, Maristella Moreira January 2015 (has links)
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução Crustal e Recursos Naturais. Departamento de Geologia. Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-03-06T21:44:26Z
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Previous issue date: 2015 / A crescente demanda de medidas isotópicas U-Pb e de Hf por meio da técnica laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) tem resultado em uma constante necessidade de desenvolvimento de materiais de referência naturais e bem caracterizados, tanto para correção das análises (padrão primário), quanto para controle de qualidade (padrão secundário). Este estudo apresenta dados isotópicos para um zircão considerado como um potential material de referência para datação U-Pb e medidas isotópicas de Hf via LA-ICP-MS, disponível em um depósito secundário de plácer no Complexo Highland, Sri Lanka. Caracterizou-se um lote de aproximadamente 300 gramas de grãos de zircão, com tamanhos variando entre 0,5 e 1,0 cm. As análises focaram na caracterização cristaloquímica, por meio de imagens de catodoluminescência, espectroscopia Raman e difratometria de raios-x, na caracterização química, a partir de medidas das concentrações de elementos traço, através de análises por LA-ICP-MS, e na caracterização isotópica das amostras, através de análises por LA-ICP-MS e isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) em diversos laboratórios. As análises TIMS e LA-ICP-MS mostraram que a grande maioria das amostras de zircão apresentam uma idade U-Pb concordante, com uma idade 206Pb/238U de 562.58 ± 0.26 Ma (ID-TIMS, 2). No entanto, para um dos fragmentos de zircão, a idade ID-TIMS foi de 556.25 ± 0.70 Ma, sugerindo que a datação U-Pb via ID-TIMS é necessária para todos os grãos individuais de zircão. A média das concentrações de U varia entre 270 e 452 ppm. A razão Th/U para todos os cristais analisados varia entre 0.245 e 0.485. As amostras são composicionalmente homogêneas, como é mostrado pelas medidas das concentrações de elementos traço (via LA-ICP-MS) e pela ausência de texturas internas em imagens de catodoluminescência. A composição isotópica de Hf para todas as amostras analisadas (1.29 - 1.51 wt.% de Hf) é homogênea, tanto dentro quanto entre os grãos, apresentando uma razão 176Hf/177Hf de 0.281674 ± 0.000018 (2 S.D.). O fator alpha fluence de 0.79 x 1018 g-1 corresponde a uma estrutura cristalina do zircão, e encontra-se dentro da tendência de amostras de zircão do Sri Lanka previamente estudadas, o que nos permite concluir que o zircão não teve seu sistema isotópico perturbado desde que se cristalizou. As concentrações relativamente altas de U e Pb, juntamente com sua homogeneidade de elementos traço, idade e de isótopos de Hf, faz do zircão estudado um material de referência ideal para análises via LA-ICP-MS. Ainda foram realizadas comparações com outros zircões do Sri Lanka, que sugeriram uma gênese metamórfica para o zircão estudado. ________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: The increasing demand for U-Pb and Hf measurements by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technique has resulted in a constant need to develop well-characterized natural reference materials, for both calibration of equipment (primary standard) and quality control purposes (secondary standard). This study presents isotopic data for a natural zircon that appears to be a suitable reference material for U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic measurements by laser ablation ICP-MS, that was collected from a secondary placer deposit in the Sri Lankan Highland Complex. We have characterized a batch of about 300 grams zircon grains with sizes ranging between 0.5 and 1.0 cm. The analyses focused on the crystalline structure characterization by means of cathodoluminescence images, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, the chemical characterization, based on measurements of trace elements concentrations by LA-ICP-MS, and the isotopic characterization of the samples by LA-ICP-MS and isotope dilution ionization-thermal mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) analyses in several laboratories. The TIMS and LA-ICP-MS analyses show that nearly all zircon samples have a concordant U-Pb age with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U date of 562.58 ± 0.26 Ma (ID-TIMS, 2). However, for one of the zircon fragments, the ID-TIMS age was 556.25 ± 0.70 Ma, suggesting that the ID-TIMS U-Pb dating of all individual zircons is needed. The average U content varies between 270 and 452 ppm. The Th/U ratio for all crystals analysed averages between 0.245 and 0.485. The BB zircons are compositionally homogeneous, as shown by measured trace elements concentrations (LA-ICP-MS) and by the absence of any internal textures in cathodoluminescence images. Hf isotopic composition of all BB zircons analysed (1.29 - 1.51 wt.% Hf) is homogenous within and between the grains with a mean 176Hf/177Hf value of 0.281674 ± 0.000018 (2 S.D.). The calculated alpha fluence of 0.79 x 1018 g-1 corresponds to a fine zircon structure, and is within the trend of previously studied, untreated zircon samples from Sri Lanka, which enables us to conclude that the zircon has not been annealed since it crystallized. The relatively high U and Pb concentrations of the BB zircon, together with its homogeneity of trace element contents, age and Hf isotopes make it an ideal calibration and reference material for LA-ICP-MS analyses. Comparisons with other Sri Lankan zircons suggest a metamorphic genesis for the BB zircon.
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Fishery, population dynamics and breeding biology of Panulirus homarus (L.) on the south coast of Sri LankaJayakody, D. S. January 1991 (has links)
This study is aimed to provide an understanding of the spiny lobster fishery of the south coast of Sri Lanka. Most of the spiny lobster fisheries of the world are subjected to heavy exploitation due to the increasing demand. The use of hazardous fishing methods however is known to cause serious problems in the developing countries, including Sri Lanka where considerable percentage of berried females and under sized lobsters are caught each year. The fishery for spiny lobster in the coastal waters of the south coast is carried out by non-mechanized out-rigger small canoes with trammel nets, bottom set gill nets and lobster rings. Around 200mt of lobsters is caught each year in the study area by a fishing fleet of 315 crafts. Around 80% of the lobster production consisted of Panulirus homarus. Lobsters were found to occur all year round, but the fishery is restricted to the non-monsoon period (August-March) due to operational difficulties. The analysis of catch and effort statistics indicated a maximum sustainable yield of 190-200 mt and an optimal daily effort of 300 crafts. The length-based analysis indicated that the resource is over exploited and a reduction in effort by about 20.5% is necessary to put the fishery back to an equilibrium level. Experimental fishing tests revealed that the lobster rings cause the least damage to the population, while the trammel net was the most harmful by including 77% of sub-legal lobsters in catches. This study indicated the possibility of having two spawning and recruitment pulses separated by an interval of 4-5 months. Fecundity estimates ranged between 116,000 - 601,000. Nearly two-third of the total egg production was contributed by lobsters of 60-79mm carapace length range. The fishery is reproductively supported by 3-4 year lobsters. This resource in the study area appears to be overfished with respect to its reproductive potential. The use of trammel nets and free access to the fishery are the two main points which should be carefully controlled. The fishery should be managed by using less harmful fishing gear (eg. lobster rings) and by introducing a proper licensing system to control fishermen entering into the fishery.
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Beyond the liberal paradigm : the constitutional accommodation of national pluralism in Sri LankaWelikala, Asanga Sanjiv January 2015 (has links)
This thesis concerns the theoretical issues that arise in the application of the constitutional model known as the plurinational state, developed through the experience of such Western liberal democratic states as Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom, to non-Western contexts of national pluralism through the case study of Sri Lanka. There are two closely intertwined and complementary objectives to the thesis. Firstly, to provide a fresh analytical and prescriptive framework of understanding and potential solutions to the constitutionally unresolved problem of national pluralism in Sri Lanka that has so far only generated protracted conflict. Secondly and more importantly, to contribute in more general terms to the theoretical literature on plurinational constitutionalism by way of the comparative insights generated through applying the model to an empirical context that is fundamentally different in a number of ways to that from which it originally emerged. In this latter, comparative, exercise, there are three key empirical grounds of difference that are identified in the thesis. Firstly, the difference between the sociological character of nationalisms in the two contexts, defined at the most basic level by the civic-ethnic dichotomy; secondly, the different meanings of democratic modernity in the present, determined by colonial modernity and post-colonial ethnocracy; and thirdly, the differences in the substantive content of democracy as between liberal and nonliberal democracies. The thesis argues that the plurinational state may be adapted to have a role and relevance beyond Western conditions, by addressing the theoretical issues that arise from these divergences. In doing so, it seeks to demonstrate that ethnic forms of nationalism are not necessarily inconsistent with the plurinational logic of accommodation; that an exploration of pre-colonial history reveals indigenous forms of the state that are more consistent with plurinational ideals than the classical modernist Westphalian nation-state introduced by nineteenth century colonialism; and that plurinational constitutions may be based on a broader conception of democracy than political liberalism. Building on these discussions, the principal normative contribution of the thesis is the development of a constitutional theory for the accommodation of national pluralism that is based on the norm of asymmetry, as distinct from equality, between multiple nations within the territorial and historical space of the state.
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Ethnic Conflict and Contemporary Social Mobilization: Exploring Motivation and Political Action in the Sri Lankan DiasporaEngland, Martha Elizabeth January 2016 (has links)
Members of the diaspora are conflict actors with an agency that is important to include in conflict theories and analysis of international relationships. Scholarship suggests its origins, and thereafter changes in the conflict cycle effect decision-making and mobilization in the diaspora, but the conditions and mechanisms that inform these processes are undertherorized. The Sri Lankan conflict and its Toronto based diasporas are used to explore processes of diasporization and mobilization in the context a changed political landscape. A series of semi-structured interviews and a short survey asks respondents to assess their motivations for mobilization. The comparative work is within and between ethnic groups. New Institutionalism underscores this project. Butler’s (2001) epistemology, Brinkerhoff’s (2005) identity-mobilization framework, the political process model and insights from the New Social Movement literature are used to situate politicized identities and political activism directed toward the homeland. Attention is paid to factor processes.
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Komunitní turismus na Srí LanceŠafaříková, Sabina January 2019 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with community based tourism in Sri Lanka and possibilities of development of concept in this country. In the first part of the thesis there are defined basic concepts of international tourism, thesis further describes the issue of rural community based tourism and the general profile of Sri Lanka. The second part deals with the level of development of community tourism in Sri Lanka and discusses the obstacles to the development of this concept. In the next part of the thesis a development project is proposed, which proposes a possible way to develop the concept of rural community tourism in Sri Lanka.
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Bilateral air services agreements of Sri LankaWickramasinghe, Anusha. January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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