Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 herrera_tir_me_botfca.pdf: 147969 bytes, checksum: c8e7a80ad8aa3713918b778bac59b151 (MD5) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) no enraizamento de estacas apicais de louro (Laurus nobilis L.) aplicado sozinho ou em conjunto com ácido bórico, em câmara de nebulização com temperatura e umidade controladas. As estacas foram coletadas de ramos jovens (mais externos) de louro, no dia 14 de fevereiro de 2001 entre 7:00 e 9:00 horas da manhã e transportadas ao Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica, do Instituto de Biociências – UNESP, onde procedeu-se ao preparo das mesmas. Dos ramos foram retiradas estacas apicais mantendo-se apenas duas folhas na parte superior, sendo o comprimento de 15cm. Após o preparo das estacas, estas receberam diferentes concentrações de ácido indol-butírico (IBA) a 0, 50, 150 e 300mg.L-1, misturado ou não com boro 150mg.mL-1, onde as suas bases permaneceram imersas por 24 horas. Logo após os tratamentos, as estacas foram colocadas em bandejas de isopor contendo como substrato, casca de arroz carbonizada e mantidas sob nebulização. A coleta das estacas foi realizada 70 dias após a instalação, onde foram avaliadas a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, porcentagem de estacas com calo, porcentagem de estacas vivas, porcentagem de estacas mortas, número de raízes formadas e comprimento das raízes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, o IBA 50mg.L-1 proporcionou a maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas (54,17%). A adição de boro aos tratamentos auxínicos levou a maior porcentagem de estacas com calos e menor porcentagem de estacas mortas. O tratamento com IBA 50mg.L-1 + boro proporcionou o maior número de raízes nas estacas (10,12) e maior comprimento dessas raízes (46,57mm). / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) on laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) stem cuttings rooting applied with or without boric acid, carried within greenhouse with mist, on controlled temperature and humidity. The cuttings was obtained as harvest of laurel plants, in February, 14, in the between at 7:00 and 9:00 hours, and transported for the Plant Physiology Laboratory from Department of Botany of Institute of Bioscience - UNESP where was preceded the preparation of cuttings. The cuttings was taked of apical portion and leaving two leaves by the up-side. The cuttings’ lenght was 15cm. The cuttings were treated with indole-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 50, 150 and 300mg.L-1 with or without 150mg.mL-1 of boron, where 1cm of the cutting base was immersed for 24 hours. After the treatments, the cuttings were put in styrofoam trays with carbonized rice hull and maintained on intermittent mist during 70 days when was evaluated the rooting percentage, stem cuttings with callus percentage, live cuttings percentage, dead cuttings percentage, roots number and roots length. The results showed that IBA 50mg.L-1 enhanced the rooting percentage (54,17%). Auxins treatments with boron enhanced the stem cuttings with callus percentage and lower dead cuttings percentage. The treatments with IBA 50mg.L-1 + boron showed the higher root number in stem cuttings (10,12) and higher length of this roots (46,57mm).

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-12T17:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Carla_Fernandez2014.pdf: 1291543 bytes, checksum: 6cd6209240711c8d9c664256a72280c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T17:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Carla_Fernandez2014.pdf: 1291543 bytes, checksum: 6cd6209240711c8d9c664256a72280c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Laurus nobilis L. is a tree belonging to the family Lauraceae, native to Asia and cultivated in the South and Southeast of Brazil as an ornamental plant, popularly known as laurel. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus for 2 hours. The essential oil was fractionated in a chromatographic column to obtain the fractions. The essential oil and fractions were identified by GC/MS. Was mensured the content of phenolic compounds of essential oil and fractions, and antioxidant activity by the DPPH sequestration method, antimicrobial activity against the strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and ATCC 70603, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 20298, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 20019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, Cryptococcus gattii L21 / 01 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99, and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger IC (clinical isolate), Aspergillus flavus IMI 190443, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 16913 by the diffusion test on agar. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the sensitive strains was determined by the broth dilution method. And the acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus microplus by the test of immersion of females and larval, the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti by the test of larval immersion. Twenty compounds were identified in the essential oil with 99.01% of the identified peak areas. The major component of the essential oil was the 1.8-cineole with 34.01%. The essential oil of laurel presented 17.57 μg of gallic acid / mg of essential oil of phenolic compounds and showed antioxidant activity by the DPPH method with IC50 of 15.52 mg/mL and the fractions CH2Cl2:C6H14 (8: 2) 9, 96 mg/mL and CH2Cl2: C6H14 (7: 3) 3.65 mg/mL. The essential oil and the CH2Cl2: AcOEt (9:1) fraction showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against strains of Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 10.00 and 0.31 mg/mL. In relation to the acaricide activity, the immersion test of engorged females of R. microplus had a decrease in egg mass, egg production index and egg viability were affected in the different concentrations of essential oil in relation to the control group. On the larvae of the tick, the essential oil presented LC50 of 3.52 μL/mL and LC99 of 5.94 μL/mL, among the fractions to CH2Cl2: AcOEt (8:2) was the most active with LC50 of 0.13 μL/mL and LC99 of 0.51 μL/mL and the essential oil presented on larvae of A. aegypti LC50 of 0.38 μL/mL and LC99 of 0.48 μL/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the essential oil has antioxidant, antimicrobial, acaricidal and larvicidal action on R. microplus and A. aegypti, and that the fractionation was of great importance for the identification of compounds with biological activity. / O Laurus nobilis L. é uma árvore pertencente à família Lauraceae, nativa da Ásia e cultivado no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil como uma planta ornamental, conhecido popularmente como louro. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger por 2 horas. O óleo essencial foi fracionado em coluna cromatográfica para a obtenção das frações. O óleo essencial e as frações foram identificados por CG/EM. Foi mensurado o teor de compostos fenólicos do óleo essencial e das frações, e atividade antioxidante pelo método de sequestro do DPPH, atividade antimicrobiana frente as cepas: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 e ATCC 70603, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 e Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, as leveduras Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 20298, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 20019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, Cryptococcus gattii L21/01 e Cryptococcus neoformans H99, e os fungos filamentosos Aspergillus niger IC (isolado clínico), Aspergillus flavus IMI 190443, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 16913 de pelo teste de difusão em ágar. Foi determinada da concentração mínima inibitória (CIM) das cepas sensíveis pelo método de diluição em caldo. E a atividade acaricida frente ao Rhipicephalus microplus pelo teste de imersão de fêmeas e larval, a atividade larvicida frente ao Aedes aegypti pelo teste de imersão larval. Foram identificados 20 compostos do óleo essencial com 99,01% das áreas dos picos identificados. O composto majoritário do óleo essencial foi o 1.8-cineol com 34,01%. O óleo essencial de louro apresentou 17,57μg equivalentes de ácido gálico/mg de óleo essencial de compostos fenólicos e mostrou atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH com IC50 de 15,52 mg/mL e as frações CH2Cl2:C6H14(8:2) 9,96 mg/ mL e CH2Cl2:C6H14(7:3) 3,65 mg/mL. O óleo essencial e a fração CH2Cl2:AcOEt (9:1) mostraram atividade antibacteriana contra as bactérias Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Proteus mirabilis e atividade antifúngica contras cepas de Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis e Cryptococcus gattii e C. neoformans com valores de concentração mínima inibitória (CIM) entre 10,00 e 0,31mg/mL. Em relação a atividade acaricida, o teste de imersão das fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus houve redução da massa dos ovos, índice de produção de ovos e a viabilidade dos ovos foram afetados nas diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial em relação ao grupo controle. Sobre as larvas do carrapato o óleo essencial apresentou LC50 de 3,52 μL/mL e LC99 de 5,94 μL/mL, dentre as frações a CH2Cl2:AcOEt (8:2) foi a mais ativa com LC50 de 0,13 μL/mL e LC99 de 0,51 μL/mL E o óleo essencial apresentou sobre as larvas de A. aegypti LC50 de 0,38 μL/mL e LC99 de 0,48 μL/mL. Portanto, pode concluir que o óleo essencial possui ação antioxidante, antimicrobiana, acaricida e larvicida sobre o R. microplus e A. aegypti, e que o fracionamento foi de grande importância para a identificação de compostos com atividade biológica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1157916 bytes, checksum: c99ab78dc2b8ee9f7877c46cab75b07f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cryptococcus neoformans is the opportunistic pathogenic yeast with broad geographic capable of infecting all kinds of animal distribution. In humans, cryptococcosis mainly affects the lungs and central nervous system, less frequently the skin, presenting in general with severe and fatal outcomes. People with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop cryptococcosis, especially those affected by human immunodeficiency virus. Conventional treatment of cryptococcosis potentially toxic antifungal use for long periods and that has been the target of resistance of these microorganisms, in addition to the high costs of treatment. Against this background, the searches for natural products with antifungal properties have been a promising alternative, with great attention of scholars as to the analysis of essential oils and their constituents. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. (Laurel) on strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and its antifungal activity, assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) by microdilution. Its kinetic microbial death and the effects on the morphology were also analyzed. The results of GC / MS revealed the presence of seven phytochemicals, isoeugenol (57%), myrcene (15,9%), chavicol (9,3%), methyleugenol (2,43%), linalool (2,14%), caryophyllenne (2,10%) and limonene (2,02%). The oil showed fungal growth inhibition of 70% of the 10 strains tested, with MIC set at 256 &#956;g/mL and 1024 &#956;g/mL MFC. The curve of microbial death had a fungistatic effect (reduction <3 log10UFC/mL from the initial inoculum) at concentrations of MIC / 2, MIC, MIC x 2 and fungicidal effect (reduction of &#8805; 3 log10UFC/mL from the initial inoculum) in MIC x 4 starting from 2 hours. Not being observed change in micromorphology of LM 2601 strain, selected for the study of kinetics and micromorphology, when subjected to contact with the essential oil in different concentrations. The essential oil of L. nobilis L. showed antifungal activity against all strains of C. neoformans tested and thus may represent a novel antifungal product with potential in the treatment of cryptococcosis. / Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura patogênica oportunista, com ampla distribuição geográfica, capaz de infectar os mais variados tipos de animais. No homem, a criptococose acomete principalmente o sistema nervoso central e pulmões, com menor frequência a pele, apresentando-se de uma forma geral com evolução grave e fatal. Indivíduos com o sistema imunológico comprometido são mais susceptíveis de desenvolver a criptococose, principalmente os acometidos pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. O tratamento convencional da criptococose utiliza antifúngicos potencialmente tóxicos por longos períodos e que vêm sendo alvo de resistência desses microrganismos, além dos elevados custos com o tratamento. Diante desse panorama, a busca por produtos naturais com propriedades antifúngicas têm sido uma alternativa promissora, com grande atenção dos estudiosos quanto à análise dos óleos essenciais e seus constituintes. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial de Laurus nobilis L. (louro) sobre cepas de Cryptococcus neoformans. A composição química do óleo foi analisada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) e sua atividade antifúngica, avaliada pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM), pela técnica de microdiluição. A cinética de morte microbiana e os efeitos sobre a micromorfologia também foram analisados. Os resultados da CG/EM revelaram a presença de sete fitoconstituintes majoritários, isoeugenol (57%), mirceno (15,9%), chavicol (9,3%), metileugenol (2,43%), linalol (2,14%), cariofileno (2,10%) e limoneno (2,02%). O óleo apresentou inibição do crescimento fúngico sobre 70% das 10 cepas ensaiadas, tendo a CIM estabelecida em 256 &#956;g/mL e a CFM em 1024 &#956;g/mL. A curva de morte microbiana apresentou efeito fungistático (redução < 3 log10UFC/mL a partir do inóculo inicial) nas concentrações de CIM/2, CIM, CIM x 2 e efeito fungicida (redução &#8805;3 log10UFC/mL a partir do inóculo inicial) na CIM x 4 a apartir das 2 horas. Não foi constatado alteração na micromorfologia da cepa LM 2601, selecionada para o estudo da cinética e da micromorfologia, quando submetida ao contato com o óleo essencial em diferentes concentrações. O óleo essencial de L. nobilis L. apresentou atividade antifúngica contra as cepas de C. neoformans testadas e dessa forma, pode representar um novo produto com potencial antifúngico no tratamento da criptococose.

Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) no enraizamento de estacas apicais de louro (Laurus nobilis L.) aplicado sozinho ou em conjunto com ácido bórico, em câmara de nebulização com temperatura e umidade controladas. As estacas foram coletadas de ramos jovens (mais externos) de louro, no dia 14 de fevereiro de 2001 entre 7:00 e 9:00 horas da manhã e transportadas ao Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica, do Instituto de Biociências - UNESP, onde procedeu-se ao preparo das mesmas. Dos ramos foram retiradas estacas apicais mantendo-se apenas duas folhas na parte superior, sendo o comprimento de 15cm. Após o preparo das estacas, estas receberam diferentes concentrações de ácido indol-butírico (IBA) a 0, 50, 150 e 300mg.L-1, misturado ou não com boro 150mg.mL-1, onde as suas bases permaneceram imersas por 24 horas. Logo após os tratamentos, as estacas foram colocadas em bandejas de isopor contendo como substrato, casca de arroz carbonizada e mantidas sob nebulização. A coleta das estacas foi realizada 70 dias após a instalação, onde foram avaliadas a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, porcentagem de estacas com calo, porcentagem de estacas vivas, porcentagem de estacas mortas, número de raízes formadas e comprimento das raízes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, o IBA 50mg.L-1 proporcionou a maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas (54,17%). A adição de boro aos tratamentos auxínicos levou a maior porcentagem de estacas com calos e menor porcentagem de estacas mortas. O tratamento com IBA 50mg.L-1 + boro proporcionou o maior número de raízes nas estacas (10,12) e maior comprimento dessas raízes (46,57mm). / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) on laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) stem cuttings rooting applied with or without boric acid, carried within greenhouse with mist, on controlled temperature and humidity. The cuttings was obtained as harvest of laurel plants, in February, 14, in the between at 7:00 and 9:00 hours, and transported for the Plant Physiology Laboratory from Department of Botany of Institute of Bioscience - UNESP where was preceded the preparation of cuttings. The cuttings was taked of apical portion and leaving two leaves by the up-side. The cuttings' lenght was 15cm. The cuttings were treated with indole-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 50, 150 and 300mg.L-1 with or without 150mg.mL-1 of boron, where 1cm of the cutting base was immersed for 24 hours. After the treatments, the cuttings were put in styrofoam trays with carbonized rice hull and maintained on intermittent mist during 70 days when was evaluated the rooting percentage, stem cuttings with callus percentage, live cuttings percentage, dead cuttings percentage, roots number and roots length. The results showed that IBA 50mg.L-1 enhanced the rooting percentage (54,17%). Auxins treatments with boron enhanced the stem cuttings with callus percentage and lower dead cuttings percentage. The treatments with IBA 50mg.L-1 + boron showed the higher root number in stem cuttings (10,12) and higher length of this roots (46,57mm). / Mestre

ABSTRACT SOLVENT-FREE MICROWAVE EXTRACTION AND MICROWAVEASSISTED HYDRODISTILLATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES Bayramoglu, Beste M.S., Department of Food Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serpil Sahin Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. G&uuml / l&uuml / m S&uuml / mn&uuml / September 2007, 130 pages The undesirable effects of conventional methods generated the need for economical and safe techniques in the extraction of essential oils. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) are recently developed techniques, which are thought to overcome this problem. Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) were chosen in this study since they have high antimicrobial and antioxidant effects and are widely grown and consumed in Turkey. The objectives of this study were to examine the applicability of SFME in the extraction of essential oils from oregano and laurel, and MAHD in the extraction of rosemary essential oil. The effects of microwave power and extraction time on the yield, composition, and other quality parameters of the extracts were also investigated. Hydrodistillation was performed as control. SFME offered significantly higher essential oil yields (0.054 mL oil/g oregano) from oregano as compared to hydrodistillation (0.048 mL oil/g oregano). Conventional process time was reduced by 80%. Main aroma compound was thymol (650-750 mg thymol/mL oil). For laurel, no significant differences were obtained in yields (about 0.022 mL oil/g laurel) obtained by SFME and hydrodistillation. Process time was reduced by 55-60%. Main aroma compound was 1,8-cineole (630-730 mg 1,8-cineole/mL oil). In the case of rosemary, no significant differences were obtained in yields (about 0.026 mL oil/g rosemary) obtained by MAHD at 622 W and hydrodistillation. The process time was reduced by about 65%. Main aroma compounds were 1,8-cineole (430-500 mg 1,8-cineole/mL oil) and camphor (150-210 mg camphor/mL oil). Keywords: Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), Origanum vulgare L., Laurus nobilis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L.