South Africa's era as a constitutional democracy has coincided with the recognition of children as independent rights-holders within its legal system. Signature and ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) demonstrated the Republic's commitment to children's rights on the international stage. South Africa's Constitution features a dedicated section on children's rights, and enshrines the principle that the best interests of the child are ‘of paramount importance' in every matter concerning the child. Whereas Roman-Dutch and English law historically conceptualised children as their parents' property or as conduits of family property, children today enjoy enforceable legal rights to property and material support. South African law has decisively deemed the interests of children worthy of constitutional protection as legal rights. Children's rights encompass both their need for protection and their right to autonomy. In the celebrated words of Justice Sachs, in contemporary South Africa every child is to be ‘constitutionally imagined' as an individual with inherent dignity, ‘not merely as a miniature adult waiting to reach full size' or ‘a mere extension of his or her parents, umbilically destined to sink or swim with them.'

In this final thesis "Testament - a comparative study of the italian and czech legal regulations" the author analyses the legal regulations of this institute in the Czech Republic and Italy. The testament is a last will that is a reversible legal transaction, in which a natural person yields over at least a quotiance of the inheritance, eventually also a legacy. This final thesis consists of seven chapters excluding the opening and the conclusion. In the first chapter I focus on the Roman Law regulations of this institute, where we find the elementals for contemporary continental legal regulations. I also devote to the history of the testament on the territory of today's Czech Republic and Italy. Next chapter deals with the elementary terms of the inheritance law and puts the last will into the context with this area of law. I also turn to the testator character, his capacity or non-capacity to make the last will and to the action of oversights while making the last will. In the third chapter there are described the essentials of the testament, the assumptions for for the succession, assignation of the heritors and the institute of trust. I also refer to the possible inheritance non-capacity and the patronage of the nonnegligible heritors. Next chapter deals with formal essentials of the testament. The last...

Legal regulation of testamentary succession in the Czech republic and Italy The transmission by inheritance is connected, as the law of succession in general, to death of a natural person. The testamentary succession in particular is conditioned by the existence of the last will created by the testator. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and compare the legal regulation of testamentary succession in the Czech republic and Italy. In this thesis I'm trying to point out on one side on the similarity of those regulations and on other side on their differences. The thesis is divided into introduction, seven chapters and conclusion. The first chapter defines the testamentary succession as one of legal titles of inherit. The second chapter deals with the last will in general, in particular with the testamentary capacity of testator, content of the last will, forms of testament, substitution of successors and revocation of the last will. The third chapter describes contracts of succession in general as another kind of title of succession beside law and last will. It is subdivided into four parts. The first one is dedicated to the theory created by Italian jurisprudence of acts "inter vivos, post mortem", the second one donation mortis causa and the third part focuses on the Italian particular form...

Historicamente, a família, célula básica e fundamental da sociedade, sempre evoluiu e se moldou ao contexto social em que esteve inserida. Especialmente no Brasil, o conceito de família sofreu substancial modificação desde a colonização, e, principalmente nas últimas décadas, para acompanhar os fenômenos e anseios sociais. De uma família patriarcal constituída exclusivamente pelo casamento, voltada para sua preservação enquanto instituição, passou-se a uma família fundada no afeto e voltada para a realização de seus integrantes. Diante de tal evolução, sacramentada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, algumas relações informais habituais na sociedade, mas vistas com desprezo e inferioridade por grande parte da população, passaram a ser reconhecidas e tuteladas pelo Estado. Nesse contexto, uniões informais duradouras, públicas e contínuas entre homem e mulher desimpedidos de casar, com objetivo de constituir família, foram reconhecidas como verdadeiras entidades familiares, sendo denominadas de uniões estáveis. No entanto, em consonância com o modelo monogâmico ordenador do sistema jurídico brasileiro, uniões informais concomitantes a outra relação jamais receberam tratamento legal que lhes tenha atribuído efeitos patrimoniais, tendo o legislador civilista cuidado apenas de restringi-los Tal histórica omissão legislativa não impediu, todavia, que, em um contexto social marcado pela pluralidade de formas nas relações afetivas e por uma contradição de desejos inerentes à maioria dos seres humanos – de um lado, o de ser o único na vida do parceiro; e, no outro, o de ter mais de um parceiro –, as uniões simultâneas, de tão reincidentes, alcançaram o status de fato social, o qual, todavia, por uma série de razões, continua a ser visto com severas restrições pela própria sociedade, e, consequentemente, pelo Direito. Tais uniões adquirem especial relevância para o mundo jurídico no momento em que ocorrem os seus rompimentos, seja pela morte, seja pelo simples desejo de uma das partes envolvidas. Nasce, então, uma das questões de maior complexidade e de difícil solução no Direito atual: a de conciliar a sensação de injustiça, que muitas vezes paira quando do rompimento de tais relações, com o sistema jurídico atual, o qual não só não reconhece tais uniões como entidade familiar, como veda expressamente seu reconhecimento como união estável O trabalho tem como foco o estudo dessas uniões simultâneas, as quais podem ser formadas tanto por pessoas impedidas como por pessoas desimpedidas de casar ou de constituir união estável, em especial o tratamento jurídico a elas conferido e os efeitos jurídicos que podem gerar. Assim, a primeira parte do trabalho volta-se precipuamente para os aspectos históricos, sociológicos e psicológicos que envolvem as uniões simultâneas, para que, ao final, se possa alcançar um entendimento jurídico sobre o tema, coerente não só com o sistema jurídico, mas também com a realidade sociocultural da atualidade. / Historically, the family, the basic and fundamental unit of society, has always evolved and shaped itself with the social context in which it was inserted. Especially in Brazil, the concept of family has undergone substantial changes since its colonization, and mainly in recent decades, in order to monitor the social phenomena and expectations. From the patriarchal family, consisting solely by marriage and aiming at its preservation as an institution, the family unit has changed to a family based on affection and concerned with its members’ fulfillment. Due to such developments, empowered by the 1988 Constitution, some usual informal relationships in society, although viewed with contempt and inferiority by much of the population, were recognized and protected by the State. In this context, long-term, ongoing public relationships between man and woman unimpeded to marry, aiming at constituting a family, were recognized as genuine family entities and called stable unions. However, in line with the monogamous model of the Brazilian legal system, an informal relationship concomitant to another relationship has never received the legal treatment to assign it propriety rights, being the civil legislator, in such a case, only concern in restricting them However, in a social context characterized by the plurality of forms in affective relationships and by a contradiction of desires inherent in most humans beings – in one hand, the desire of being the only one in the partner’s life; and, in the other, the desire of having more than one partner - such historic legislative omission has not prevented simultaneous relationships, for being so recidivists, from attaining the status of a social fact, which, for a number of reasons, remains to be seen with severe restrictions by the society itself and hence by the Law. Such unions acquire special relevance to the legal world at the time of their breakups, either by death, or by the simple desire of the parties involved. At this moment, one of the most complex and difficult issues to solve in the current Law is how to conciliate the feeling of injustice, which often hangs when the breakup of such relationships occurs, with the current legal system, which not only does not recognize such unions as a family unit, but it expressly forbids its recognition as a stable union This paper focuses on the study of these simultaneous relationships, which can be formed both by impeded persons as well as unimpeded ones to marry or to constitute stable unions, in particular, the legal treatment given to them and the legal consequences that may result. Therefore, the first part of this study turns primarily to the historical, sociological and psychological aspects involving simultaneous unions, so that in the end, one can achieve a legal opinion on the issue not only consistent with the legal system, but also with the sociocultural reality of present days.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the influence of the doctrines of the Medieval European Ius Commune on the Scots law of moveable succession in the crucial period of its development: from the Reformation to approximately 1700. To this purpose, this research is dealing with the Scottish writings, case law and archival materials, comparing them with the relevant Civilian and Canonistic texts and treatises of Medieval and Early Modern Continental authors. This research specially concentrates on particular fields within the Scots law of succession. In some fields, such as the constitution and form of testamentary deeds and the destinations (tailzies), the Ius Commune influence was quite weak, but even there it is discernible in specific issues. The same can be said of the Scottish attitude to the agreements on future succession (pacta successoria); in this respect, as my thesis shows, Scots law used to have more in common with the Civil law than it has now. On the other hand, the influence of the Continental doctrines was much more noticeable in the fields of the evidential force of last wills and the donations mortis causa. However, beginning from the 1660s, Scottish practice in these fields diverged from the Continental models. This was due to various practical reasons. The regulation of the office of executor in Scotland in the 1500-1700, in many respects, seems to be heavily inspired by the Ius Commune regulation and by English practice of that time. In some respects, Scots practice on the office of executor followed the Ius Commune rules more closely than English practice. In summary, the influence of the Ius Commune on the Scots law of succession in this period was real, due both to the retaining of tradition of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and to the knowledge of doctrine by the judges and litigants. However, this influence was often fragmentary and not properly expressed in the litigation and writings.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 378-398).

This thesis deals with changes in the scope of autonomy of the devisor's will in the period from 1 January 1812 until the present days. Using the descriptive and analytical method and comparative method, the aim of this thesis is to explicate development of individual institutes of the law of succession, by means of which the devisor could or in particular can manifest his/her autonomy. This thesis is divided into five main parts, which are further divided into chapters and subchapters. The first part of the thesis represents an introductory excursus to the issue of the law of succession and the stress is put on basic principles of the law of succession and historical development thereof. The second part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of ABGB. Attention is paid to individual institutes of the law of succession and development thereof, special part deals with a testament as the most important manifestation of the freedom of disposition. Interpretation of individual institutes is presented in particular in the light of the comments and judicature of the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The third part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of the Civil Code of 1950. The third part endeavors to describe...

Heir's Capacity Abstract The main purpose of the law of succession is to regulate the transfer of the estate from testator to the heir and also to regulate problems that may be connected with the transfer and as well to regulate the question of who is eligible to acquire the estate. This master thesis deals and focuses on the question of heir's capacity. In particular, it deals mainly with the issue and question of heir's incapacity and its legal reasons in the Czech legislation. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current legal regulation of the legal institute of heir's incapacity and its legal reasons in the Czech legislation and at the same time to compare it with other legal institutes such as disinheritance, waiver of inheritance, refusal of inheritance and renunciation of succession right, as these legal institutes also cause the loss of succession law. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters, which are subsequently systematically divided into subchapters and points. The first chapter provides a brief explanation of the general interpretation of the concept of law of succession and its principles, which are important for this diploma thesis. At the same time, the concept of inheritance titles is explained in the first chapter, because knowledge of inheritance titles is important for the...

O objetivo desta dissertação é promover estudo abrangente de fenômeno do direito das sucessões que denominamos de sucessão necessária. Trata-se da tutela sucessória imperativa concedida a familiares mais próximos do autor da herança, irredutível por testamento ou doações, excluída nas restritas hipóteses de indignidade e deserdação. Pretende-se demonstrar que, na classificação da sucessão quanto à fonte da vocação hereditária, a sucessão necessária é subespécie autônoma de sucessão legítima, com elementos e fundamentos próprios, regida por normas de natureza distinta da sucessão legítima intestada e da sucessão testamentária. E que, apesar dessas peculiaridades, o Código Civil brasileiro não a reconhece expressamente como mais uma modalidade sucessória, tratando dos temas a ela relacionados de forma dispersa, dificultando visão de conjunto e adequada compreensão do instituto em seu todo. Essa sistematização legal que nos parece inapropriada ainda obscurece a importante evolução da sucessão necessária verificada durante a vigência do Código Civil de 1916, consolidada e ampliada pelo Código Civil de 2002, com incorporação de novas figuras, como legados legais necessários e sucessão imperativa concorrente do cônjuge e companheiro com descendentes e ascendentes. Com o intuito de restabelecer a visão de conjunto e recapitular essa evolução da sucessão necessária, serão examinados os principais aspectos dessa modalidade sucessória, inclusive em sua inter-relação com a sucessão intestada e a sucessão testamentária, apontando seus aspectos singulares. Em seguida, será apresentada a evolução da proteção sucessória imperativa, desde seu passado mais remoto no direito romano, passando pelos antecedentes no direito brasileiro, até seu perfil atual, consolidado pelo Código Civil de 2002, examinando-se os principais temas a ela relacionados. Por fim, serão analisadas as perspectivas da sucessão necessária, em termos de projeções futuras, apontando a tendência, no direito contemporâneo, em direção a sistemas de proteção sucessória imperativa mais abertos, flexíveis e proporcionais. / The objective of this dissertation is to carry out a wide study of the phenomenon of the inheritance law that we call imperative inheritance. It concerns the imperative inheritance guardianship given to the closest relatives of the deceased, which is irreducible by will or donations, except for some particular hypothesis of indignity and disinheritance. The intention is to demonstrate that, in the classification of the succession, according to the source of the hereditary calling, the imperative inheritance is an autonomous subspecies of the legal succession, with its own elements and grounds, guided by rules of a different nature than the legal succession without a will and than the testate succession. Moreover, in spite of these peculiarities, the Brazilian Civil Code doesn´t recognize it as another form of succession and deals with the subjects related to it in a scattered way, reason by which it is difficult to see the entire scene and to have a proper understanding of the institute in its whole. This legal system, that seems to be inappropriate, still obscures the important development of the imperative succession seen during the validity of the 1916 Civil Code, consolidated and enlarged by the 2002 Civil Code, with the incorporation of new figures, as necessary legal legacy and competitive imperative inheritance of the spouse or non-ceremonial wife or husband with ascendants or descendants. With the purpose of reestablishing a view of the whole and reviewing the development of the imperative inheritance, the main aspects of this form of succession, including its inter relation with the succession without a will and the testate succession, will be examined pointing out its specific aspects. Furthermore, the development of the protection of the imperative inheritance, since its most remote past in the Roman Law, through the antecedents of the Brazilian Law, until its present profile, consolidated by the 2002 Civil Code will be presented, examining the main issues related to it. Finally, the perspectives of the imperative inheritance will be analyzed, in terms of future projection, showing the trends in the contemporary law, leading to more open, flexible and proportional systems of protection of the imperative inheritance.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-22T13:30:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Najla Lopes Cintra.pdf: 589518 bytes, checksum: 2700d70a509b0aeddc00bfbb51f72a08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T13:30:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Najla Lopes Cintra.pdf: 589518 bytes, checksum: 2700d70a509b0aeddc00bfbb51f72a08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02 / This study aims to analyze the relationships that occur simultaneously among three or more people, with the consent of all of those involved and in a public way. The work's goal is to demonstrate that solutions brought by the lawmakers are not always capable to reach a group's aspiration, and these groups are compelled to search for the Judiciary System to see their rights ensured. However, many jurists' conservative thoughts prevent everyday's situations to be acknowledged, putting the cold letter of law above the individual's autonomy and human dignity. It will study monogamy and its usage as a principle or as an orientation rule. Family pillar principles will be brought up, as well as the comparison between the duties of fidelity and loyalty related to marriage and civil union. The analysis of possible effects resulting from these relationships will observe the good faith's existence and finally it will discuss succession matters concerning these arrangements / O presente estudo tem por objetivo a análise das uniões estáveis plúrimas, em que os relacionamentos se dão entre três ou mais pessoas, de forma pública e consentida. O trabalho tem por escopo demonstrar que nem sempre as alternativas trazidas pelo legislador conseguem responder aos anseios de uma coletividade, e que tais grupos se veem obrigados a buscar o judiciário para verem seus direitos resguardados. O posicionamento conservador de muitos juristas, contudo, impede que situações do dia-a-dia sejam reconhecidas, primando-se pela letra fria da lei em detrimento da autonomia da vontade e dignidade da pessoa humana. Analisar-se-á a monogamia e sua utilização como princípio ou regra de orientação. Serão abordados os princípios estruturantes da família, bem como comparados os deveres de fidelidade e lealdade relacionados ao casamento e à união estável. A atribuição de efeitos aos relacionamentos em questão passará, ainda, pela discussão da boa-fé, e discutir-se-á, por fim, a questão sucessória que permeia estes relacionamentos