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Significant improvements in production effectiveness have resulted from implementing cellular manufacturing systems (CMS). Following the cell formation, an important issue that needs to be addressed is the unequal cell (or department/facility) layout problem, which is the sub-issue in the CF problem. The work reported in this thesis illustrates the assignment of unequal cell locations in dealing with the known traffic movements on a shop floor. In addition, this research addresses the impact of the geometry or shape of the department as an important design factor in the unequal area facility layout problem, an issue that has not been addressed by the previous researchers. The problem is formulated as a mixed-binary non-linear programming model and is proven to be NP-hard in the strong sense. Due to its computational complexity, a higher-level heuristic, based on a concept known as tabu-search, is proposed to efficiently solve the problem. Six different versions of the tabu search-based heuristic algorithm are tested on three different problem structures. The results obtained from performing the experiment concluded that the tabu search-based heuristic using short-term memory and variable tabu-list sizes is preferred over other heuristics as the problem size increases. The performance comparison between the current and the previous research shows that the solution obtained for the well-known problems in this research are better than that obtained in the past. / Graduation date: 2002

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article explores the application of continuous improvement tools in company M4C1 to improve processes and production procedure for a production line of polo shirts and the distribution of workstations to provide a more efficient flow, thereby reducing non-productive times of materials and people transportation. The steps to determine the correct approach of the procedures to control excess in production times and reprocesses for its correct implementation, flow charts, and work indicators to measure the production processes of polo shirts will be described. The Arena Simulation tool will then be used to simulate the operation of the production process of polo shirts and to compare the results before and after implementation. Finally, the conclusions of the project will be presented.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-13T12:19:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Schmidt Goecks_.pdf: 2315393 bytes, checksum: 3985e874dfb67958cda4aa69697f671f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-13T12:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Schmidt Goecks_.pdf: 2315393 bytes, checksum: 3985e874dfb67958cda4aa69697f671f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Como uma das atividades mais importantes na engenharia de produção, o planejamento de instalações consiste na tomada de decisões relativas ao leiaute dos setores, unidades de produção/ fabricação, locais de armazenamento, e assim por diante. Conceito que é apoiado pela variabilidade dos processos produtivos, que muda de um período de produção para outro e de uma empresa para a outra. Atualmente, a literatura apresenta abordagens de como solucionar o problema de leiaute para empresas de pequeno e médio porte com modelos de planejamento, e de tomada de decisão multicritérios, ou meta-heurísticos. A literatura aborda estes dois métodos de forma separada. Inclusive, não existem relatos de comparações entre eles desde o conhecimento do autor. Como resposta à esta lacuna de pesquisa, definiu-se o seguinte objetivo: "identificar um método para planejamento de leiautes aplicável em empresas de pequeno e médio porte". A meta foi desenvolver uma ferramenta de modelagem genérica e que atenda à diferentes necessidades. Sendo assim, este trabalho abordou o Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) e o Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) para planejamento de leiautes, avaliando a melhor proposta pelo Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Em decorrência de interesses práticos que visam à aplicação de ferramentas para a solução de problemas específicos, este trabalho classifica-se como pesquisa aplicada de abordagem quantitativa, embasado por processos de tomada de decisão e de modelagem. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o SLP fornece melhores propostas de leiautes que o PSO, para pequenas e médias empresas. O SLP respeita a alocação adjacente dos setores de acordo com o fluxo de material, enquanto que o PSO distribui aleatoriamente as áreas produtivas, o que proporciona maior variabilidade nas propostas de leiautes. O SLP demandou maior tempo de planejamento e um método auxiliar (AHP) para definição da melhor proposta de leiaute. Já o PSO forneceu o melhor leiaute sem uma ferramenta de suporte e a simulação foi mais rápida após estruturação do modelo do algoritmo. Implicações práticas à esta pesquisa encontram-se na análise da redução de custos com dados reais. Foram identificados na literatura objetivos de otimização e restrições mais usuais. Quanto ao tipo de leiaute, conforme as características da empresa a ser explorada, será considerado o tipo job-shop/funcional. Esta pesquisa contribui ao meio acadêmico no âmbito de sintetizar dois métodos, distintos, para planejamento de leiautes e compará-los com uma ferramenta de tomada de decisão multicriterial. Ao meio empresarial, a mesma fornece métodos que podem ser incorporados ao cotidiano das empresas no que diz respeito ao planejamento de leiautes e tomada de decisões. / As one of the most important activities in production engineering, facility planning consists of making decisions regarding the layout of the sectors, production/manufacturing units, storage locations, and so on. This concept is supported by the variability of production processes, which changes from one period of production to another and from one company to another. Currently, the literature presents approaches of how to solve the problem of layout for small and medium-sized companies with models of planning, and decision-making multi-criteria, or metaheuristics. The literature addresses these two methods separately. In fact, there are no reports of comparisons between them since the knowledge of the author. In response to this research gap, the following objective was defined: "to identify a method for layout planning applicable to small and medium-sized enterprises". The objective was to develop a generic modeling tool that meets different needs. Thus, this work approached Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the layout planning, evaluating the best proposal by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Because of practical interests that aim at the application of tools for the solution of specific problems, this work is classified as applied research of quantitative approach, based on processes of decision-making and modeling. The results obtained demonstrate that SLP provides better layout proposals than the PSO, for small and medium enterprises. The SLP respects the adjacent allocation of the sectors according to the material flow, while the PSO randomly distributes the productive areas, which provides greater variability in the layout proposals. The SLP required greater planning time and an auxiliary method (AHP) to define the best layout proposal. The PSO provided the best layout without a support tool and the simulation was faster after structuring the algorithm model. Practical implications of this research lie in the analysis of cost reduction with real data. Optimization objectives and constraints that are more usual have been identified in the literature. As for the type of layout, according to the characteristics of the company, and because it is a single case study, the job-shop type will be considered. This research contributes to the academic environment in the context of synthesizing two distinct methods for planning layouts and comparing them with a multi-criteria decision-making tool. In the business environment, it provides methods that can be incorporated into companies’ day-to-day planning and decision making.

Plant layout is the heart of any production line because if the layout is not properly laid, there can be numerous consequences. Planning a layout for an SME is the most crucial and tedious job for a manufacturer because it is time-consuming and sometimes a costly process. Therefore, there is a need to choose appropriate methods to overcome certain problems and plan a good layout for the SMEs.The purpose of this thesis report is to explore methods that can help to plan the layout according to the requirements provided by the SME. This involves a detailed study conducted to understand the processes at the case company. However, change of layout is not just making changes to the existing layout, but some SMEs must plan a completely new layout where they can start from scratch. Similarly, in this case, a Swedish manufacturing company REHOBOT Rotex AB has provided all the data required for planning the layout. This leads the authors to study the entire production flow to know the current layout and identify the problems that exist in the plant. The approach of this thesis was a case study where the company has provided all the details like documents, current layout plans, and video recording of the plant.The study shows that maximum time is spent in the replenishment of storage and unnecessary movement of materials between the machines in the current facility. These activities can be classified as Nonvalue added or just can be addressed as waste. Therefore, there is a need to implement lean tools and use the SLP method to plan the new layout systematically. This method led to form alternative layout plans that consisted of changes made depending on the current layout. These changes will fetch the advantages and disadvantages that can further help in evaluating the alternatives using WFA. Once evaluated, the layout that turned out to be the best will be suggested and presented to the case company.

El presente proyecto se elabora a partir de la necesidad de reducir los costos operativos de almacenamiento en una empresa dedicada a la arquitectura de eventos, la cual representa una reducción en la rentabilidad. Asimismo, se identificó que el problema es el espacio improductivo que existe dentro del almacén de materiales debido, principalmente, al desperdicio generado por el servicio que brinda. Cabe resaltar que el manejo de este almacén es especial, ya que no sólo se almacena los materiales para brindar el servicio, sino también los desperdicios generados por el mismo, lo cual genera un valor singular a nuestra investigación. Por ello, el proyecto de investigación se enfoca en modelar una propuesta de un método de gestión de almacenamiento basado en la gestión del conocimiento, el diseño ideal de las instalaciones de almacenamiento y el monitoreo continuo de los procesos y actividades del almacén con el objetivo de lograr un flujo de material adecuado, minimización de costos, altos niveles de servicio al cliente y la sostenibilidad del proyecto a lo largo del tiempo. La validación del modelo se realizó en el almacén de la empresa en estudio ubicada en Lima, Perú y los resultados fueron positivos tales como la reducción del espacio improductivo del almacén en un 27.86% generando un ahorro de S/11,175 mensuales, la disminución los costos totales operativos en un 58.55% con respecto a los costos de almacenamiento y como consecuencia el incremento de la rentabilidad. / This project is based on the requirement to reduce the operating costs of storage in a company dedicated to event architecture, which represents a reduction in profitability. It was identified that the problem is the unproductive space that exists within the materials warehouse, mainly due to the waste generated by the service it provides. It should be noted that the management of this warehouse is special, because not only the materials to provide the service are stored, but also the waste generated by it, which generates a unique value to our research. Therefore, the research project focuses on modeling a proposal for a storage management method based on knowledge management, the ideal design of storage facilities, and continuous monitoring of warehouse processes and activities to achieve a flow of adequate material, minimization of costs, high levels of customer service and the sustainability of the project over time. The validation of the model was carried out in the warehouse of the study company located in Lima, Peru and the results were positive such as reducing the unproductive space of the warehouse by 27.86%, generating savings of S/ 11,175 per month, reducing costs operating totals by 58.55% with respect to storage costs and as a consequence the increase in profitability. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Despite significant technological and scientific advances in healthcare provision and treatment in past decades, economies are struggling to address increasing costs while enhancing accessibility to quality health and care services. Globally, around 8.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) is spent on healthcare, with United States spending 17.4% of its GDP. There is, therefore, a growing interest in reducing healthcare costs and improving quality of care in terms of patients outcomes and their perception. Research has found strong association between physical environments and patient outcomes and staff and patient wellbeing. The acknowledgement of this link has led to the postulation of the idea of evidence based design (EBD) of healthcare facilities, in which design decisions are based on the evidence of the impact of environment on healthcare indicators. The key challenges for integrating EBD in healthcare design are the difficulty in disaggregating past research findings (i.e. evidence) from the context and the use of these findings, often hidden behind several behavioural and demographic variables or of the form of multi-dimensional indices, in design decision-making. Another recent development in healthcare is the patient-centred approach of care, in which patients perceptions and needs take the centre-stage in the planning and delivery of their care. Local and regional healthcare authorities are, therefore, interested in incorporating patients views in all aspects of care, including the design and operation of health and care facilities. Considering the gaps in knowledge, this research was aimed at investigating: users perception of physical environment indicators that had the potential for influencing their wellbeing and care outcomes, and the integration of their perception in the design of healthcare facilities through automated space layout planning. Perceptions of physical environment indicators were investigated using structured questionnaires among three user groups: inpatients, outpatients and healthcare providers. Resulting perception indicators were then used in a prototype automated space layout planning system, developed as part of this research, to aid the optimization process. The research has identified significant differences in perception between different user groups, in particular between males and females. Analyses of scaled responses indicate that environmental design (e.g. lighting and thermal comfort) and maintenance (e.g. cleanliness) related factors are more important to users than abstract architectural design factors (e.g. aesthetics). Accommodating the variation in perception would require individual approaches for the design of constituent spaces in a healthcare facility. With regard to the integration of user perception in design, the research demonstrates that qualitative indicators such as perception can be integrated in automated design frameworks and, therefore, design decisions can be based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative evidence. The application of automated layout planning system in the design of healthcare space layouts also demonstrates that computer-mediated systems and frameworks are a promising alternative to traditional manual design, if increasing number of design factors and objectives are to be reconciled for decision making.