El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article explores the application of continuous improvement tools in company M4C1 to improve processes and production procedure for a production line of polo shirts and the distribution of workstations to provide a more efficient flow, thereby reducing non-productive times of materials and people transportation. The steps to determine the correct approach of the procedures to control excess in production times and reprocesses for its correct implementation, flow charts, and work indicators to measure the production processes of polo shirts will be described. The Arena Simulation tool will then be used to simulate the operation of the production process of polo shirts and to compare the results before and after implementation. Finally, the conclusions of the project will be presented.

El presente proyecto se elabora a partir de la necesidad de reducir los costos operativos de almacenamiento en una empresa dedicada a la arquitectura de eventos, la cual representa una reducción en la rentabilidad. Asimismo, se identificó que el problema es el espacio improductivo que existe dentro del almacén de materiales debido, principalmente, al desperdicio generado por el servicio que brinda. Cabe resaltar que el manejo de este almacén es especial, ya que no sólo se almacena los materiales para brindar el servicio, sino también los desperdicios generados por el mismo, lo cual genera un valor singular a nuestra investigación. Por ello, el proyecto de investigación se enfoca en modelar una propuesta de un método de gestión de almacenamiento basado en la gestión del conocimiento, el diseño ideal de las instalaciones de almacenamiento y el monitoreo continuo de los procesos y actividades del almacén con el objetivo de lograr un flujo de material adecuado, minimización de costos, altos niveles de servicio al cliente y la sostenibilidad del proyecto a lo largo del tiempo. La validación del modelo se realizó en el almacén de la empresa en estudio ubicada en Lima, Perú y los resultados fueron positivos tales como la reducción del espacio improductivo del almacén en un 27.86% generando un ahorro de S/11,175 mensuales, la disminución los costos totales operativos en un 58.55% con respecto a los costos de almacenamiento y como consecuencia el incremento de la rentabilidad. / This project is based on the requirement to reduce the operating costs of storage in a company dedicated to event architecture, which represents a reduction in profitability. It was identified that the problem is the unproductive space that exists within the materials warehouse, mainly due to the waste generated by the service it provides. It should be noted that the management of this warehouse is special, because not only the materials to provide the service are stored, but also the waste generated by it, which generates a unique value to our research. Therefore, the research project focuses on modeling a proposal for a storage management method based on knowledge management, the ideal design of storage facilities, and continuous monitoring of warehouse processes and activities to achieve a flow of adequate material, minimization of costs, high levels of customer service and the sustainability of the project over time. The validation of the model was carried out in the warehouse of the study company located in Lima, Peru and the results were positive such as reducing the unproductive space of the warehouse by 27.86%, generating savings of S/ 11,175 per month, reducing costs operating totals by 58.55% with respect to storage costs and as a consequence the increase in profitability. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

O setor de serviços tem fundamental importância para a economia global, porém o layout de organizações deste setor tipicamente não é abordado com a mesma intensidade com que se discute arranjo físico em ambientes industriais. O objetivo desta dissertação reside na aplicação de sistemáticas de concepção de layout com vistas ao planejamento e aprimoramento do arranjo físico e agrupamento de recursos de uma biblioteca. Como objetivos específicos, traz a aplicação do planejamento sistemático de layout (SLP) para o posicionamento de recursos e organização dos fluxos de uma biblioteca, e a adaptação do algoritmo Close Neighbor para agrupamento de materiais bibliográficos (livros) em prateleiras de acordo com sua área de abrangência. Para tanto, inicialmente apresentam-se as características da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRGS (local de aplicação do estudo), a análise da movimentação de pessoas e de materiais, a abordagem proposta e as diretrizes para organização do arranjo físico da biblioteca e do acervo de livros. Dentre outros procedimentos operacionais, fez-se necessária a realização de reuniões com a equipe da biblioteca e com a direção da Faculdade de Farmácia, visando a estabelecer prioridades e definir características desejadas para o arranjo físico do espaço em estudo. Na sequência, implantou-se a proposta de layout selecionada, seguida de uma discussão acerca do desempenho da biblioteca antes e depois da implantação do novo layout; tal discussão foi baseada tanto em resultados numéricos (análise quantitativa) como na percepção da equipe envolvida (análise qualitativa). / The service sector is of fundamental importance to the global economy, but the layout of organizations in this sector is typically not approached with the same intensity with which physical arrangement is discussed in industrial environments. The objective of this dissertation is to apply layout design systematics with a view to planning and improving the physical arrangement and grouping of library resources. As a specific goal, the application of systematic layout planning (SLP) for the positioning of resources and organization of a library's flows, and the adaptation of the Close Neighbor algorithm for grouping bibliographic materials (books) into shelves according to their area of comprehensiveness. In order to do so, the characteristics of the Library of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS (place of application of the study), the analysis of the movement of people and materials, the proposed approach and the guidelines for the organization of the physical arrangement of the library and of the collection of books. Among other operational procedures, it was necessary to hold meetings with the library staff and the Faculty of Pharmacy, in order to establish priorities and define desired characteristics for the physical arrangement of the space under study. Next, the selected layout proposal was implanted, followed by a discussion about the library's performance before and after the implementation of the new layout; such a discussion was based on both numerical results (quantitative analysis) and the perception of the team involved (qualitative analysis).

O setor de serviços tem fundamental importância para a economia global, porém o layout de organizações deste setor tipicamente não é abordado com a mesma intensidade com que se discute arranjo físico em ambientes industriais. O objetivo desta dissertação reside na aplicação de sistemáticas de concepção de layout com vistas ao planejamento e aprimoramento do arranjo físico e agrupamento de recursos de uma biblioteca. Como objetivos específicos, traz a aplicação do planejamento sistemático de layout (SLP) para o posicionamento de recursos e organização dos fluxos de uma biblioteca, e a adaptação do algoritmo Close Neighbor para agrupamento de materiais bibliográficos (livros) em prateleiras de acordo com sua área de abrangência. Para tanto, inicialmente apresentam-se as características da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRGS (local de aplicação do estudo), a análise da movimentação de pessoas e de materiais, a abordagem proposta e as diretrizes para organização do arranjo físico da biblioteca e do acervo de livros. Dentre outros procedimentos operacionais, fez-se necessária a realização de reuniões com a equipe da biblioteca e com a direção da Faculdade de Farmácia, visando a estabelecer prioridades e definir características desejadas para o arranjo físico do espaço em estudo. Na sequência, implantou-se a proposta de layout selecionada, seguida de uma discussão acerca do desempenho da biblioteca antes e depois da implantação do novo layout; tal discussão foi baseada tanto em resultados numéricos (análise quantitativa) como na percepção da equipe envolvida (análise qualitativa). / The service sector is of fundamental importance to the global economy, but the layout of organizations in this sector is typically not approached with the same intensity with which physical arrangement is discussed in industrial environments. The objective of this dissertation is to apply layout design systematics with a view to planning and improving the physical arrangement and grouping of library resources. As a specific goal, the application of systematic layout planning (SLP) for the positioning of resources and organization of a library's flows, and the adaptation of the Close Neighbor algorithm for grouping bibliographic materials (books) into shelves according to their area of comprehensiveness. In order to do so, the characteristics of the Library of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS (place of application of the study), the analysis of the movement of people and materials, the proposed approach and the guidelines for the organization of the physical arrangement of the library and of the collection of books. Among other operational procedures, it was necessary to hold meetings with the library staff and the Faculty of Pharmacy, in order to establish priorities and define desired characteristics for the physical arrangement of the space under study. Next, the selected layout proposal was implanted, followed by a discussion about the library's performance before and after the implementation of the new layout; such a discussion was based on both numerical results (quantitative analysis) and the perception of the team involved (qualitative analysis).

O setor de serviços tem fundamental importância para a economia global, porém o layout de organizações deste setor tipicamente não é abordado com a mesma intensidade com que se discute arranjo físico em ambientes industriais. O objetivo desta dissertação reside na aplicação de sistemáticas de concepção de layout com vistas ao planejamento e aprimoramento do arranjo físico e agrupamento de recursos de uma biblioteca. Como objetivos específicos, traz a aplicação do planejamento sistemático de layout (SLP) para o posicionamento de recursos e organização dos fluxos de uma biblioteca, e a adaptação do algoritmo Close Neighbor para agrupamento de materiais bibliográficos (livros) em prateleiras de acordo com sua área de abrangência. Para tanto, inicialmente apresentam-se as características da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRGS (local de aplicação do estudo), a análise da movimentação de pessoas e de materiais, a abordagem proposta e as diretrizes para organização do arranjo físico da biblioteca e do acervo de livros. Dentre outros procedimentos operacionais, fez-se necessária a realização de reuniões com a equipe da biblioteca e com a direção da Faculdade de Farmácia, visando a estabelecer prioridades e definir características desejadas para o arranjo físico do espaço em estudo. Na sequência, implantou-se a proposta de layout selecionada, seguida de uma discussão acerca do desempenho da biblioteca antes e depois da implantação do novo layout; tal discussão foi baseada tanto em resultados numéricos (análise quantitativa) como na percepção da equipe envolvida (análise qualitativa). / The service sector is of fundamental importance to the global economy, but the layout of organizations in this sector is typically not approached with the same intensity with which physical arrangement is discussed in industrial environments. The objective of this dissertation is to apply layout design systematics with a view to planning and improving the physical arrangement and grouping of library resources. As a specific goal, the application of systematic layout planning (SLP) for the positioning of resources and organization of a library's flows, and the adaptation of the Close Neighbor algorithm for grouping bibliographic materials (books) into shelves according to their area of comprehensiveness. In order to do so, the characteristics of the Library of the Faculty of Pharmacy of UFRGS (place of application of the study), the analysis of the movement of people and materials, the proposed approach and the guidelines for the organization of the physical arrangement of the library and of the collection of books. Among other operational procedures, it was necessary to hold meetings with the library staff and the Faculty of Pharmacy, in order to establish priorities and define desired characteristics for the physical arrangement of the space under study. Next, the selected layout proposal was implanted, followed by a discussion about the library's performance before and after the implementation of the new layout; such a discussion was based on both numerical results (quantitative analysis) and the perception of the team involved (qualitative analysis).

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This study focuses on the idle space within a warehouse which arises due to an inadequate identification of optimum materials, hindering their storage and reuse. Herein, an on-demand warehousing model is developed based on knowledge management, ideal design of warehouse facilities, and continuous monitoring of warehouse processes and activities for achieving an adequate material flow, cost minimization, high customer service levels, and better working conditions. Results show that the developed model reduced the idle warehouse space and operating costs by 72.14% and 58.55%, respectively.

El proceso que pasa una vacuna a través de la cadena de suministro de frío tiende a requerir un estándar de alta calidad. La importancia de este producto para el consumo humano se ha vuelto necesaria en todo el mundo. Esta investigación tendrá en cuenta los principales factores que afectan la eficiencia y el rendimiento del producto sensible a la temperatura; Se aplicará una herramienta que mejore las condiciones en el almacenamiento y en el método de trabajo enfocado bajo un análisis de operación. Además de esto, analizaremos un estudio de caso de un operador logístico en Perú, se propondrán mejoras en los procesos más importantes y críticos. Como método de validación, se utilizará una simulación del modelo propuesto y se llevará a cabo utilizando el software Arena. Las técnicas de distribución de la planta también se aplicarán para evaluar el diseño. Los resultados disminuyen el proceso de selección en un 27% y eliminan los errores que ocurren. En un nuevo diseño, el costo del viaje disminuye en un 48%. Otro resultado que tiene un impacto directo en la cadena es la reducción sistemática del costo asociado con el suministro y la cadena de la vacuna, que en promedio se reduce en un 10% del total. / The process that a vaccine passes through the cold supply chain tends to require a high quality standard. The importance of this product for human consumption has become necessary throughout the world. This research will take into account the main factors that affect the efficiency and performance of the temperature sensitive product; a tool will be applied that improves the conditions in the storage and in the method of work focused under an analysis of operation. In addition to this, we will analyze a case study of a logistics operator in Peru, improvements in the most important and critical processes will be proposed. As a validation method, a simulation of the proposed model will be used and will be carried out using the Arena software. Plant distribution techniques will also be applied to evaluate the design. Results decrease the selection process by 27% and eliminate errors that occur. In a new design, the cost of the trip decreases by 48%. Another result that has a direct impact on the chain is the systematic reduction of the cost associated with the supply and chain of the vaccine, which on average is reduced by 10% of the total. / Trabajo de investigación

Avdelningen Aviation på Eltel Networks Infranet AB arbetar ständigt för att erbjuda kostnadseffektiva tjänster för flygtrafiken för att säkerställa hög luftsäkerhet. Eltel Networks verksamhet är helt kundorderstyrt. Verksamhetslayouten är statisk och anpassas inte utefter kundernas behov. Eltel Networks vill få större kontroll på materialflödet och skapa en mer flexibel verksamhet. Inför ett layoutplaneringsprojekt kan metoden systematisk lokalplanläggning användas på ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt. Metoden används av organisationer för att designa eller omdesigna en anläggning. Det finns även en förenklad version av systematisk lokalplanläggning. Syftet med studien var att jämföra två layoutmetoder samt ge förslag på ny verksamhetslayout utifrån jämförelsen. En jämförelsestudie genomfördes av de två layoutmetoderna med utgångspunkt vilken metod som passar bäst för mindre materialflöde och minde lokalyta. Förslag på en ny layout ska ges med hänsyn till att hitta en mer flexibel verksamhet. Utifrån jämförelsen framkom det att metoden förenklad systematisk lokalplanläggning är bäst lämpad att genomföras för en layout med mindre materialflöde och mindre lokalyta. Förslag till en mer flexibel verksamhetslayout har presenteras utifrån metoden förenklad systematisk lokalplanläggning. / The department Aviation at Eltel Networks Infranet AB is constantly working to offer cost effective air traffic services to ensure high air safety. Eltel Networks business is completely customized. The business layout is static and does not match customer needs. Eltel Networks want to gain more control over the material flow and create a more flexible business. Facing a layout planning project, the method systematic layout planning can be used in a systematic approach. The method is used by organizations to design or redesign a facility. There is also a simplified version of systematic layout planning. The purpose of the study was to compare two layout methods as well as propose a new business layout based on the comparison. A comparison study was carried out by the two layout methods based on which method best suits less material flow and less space. Proposals for a new layout should be given with regard to finding a more flexible business. Based on the comparison, it was found that the simplified systematic layout planning method is best suited for a layout with less material flow and less space. Proposals for a more flexible business layout have been presented based on the simplified systematic layout planning method.

Flexit AB är Norges största tillverkar och leverantör av luftbehandlingsaggregat och centraldammsugare. Företaget växer och har nu expanderar över Norges gränser med en vision att bli störst i Norden och kontinuerligt växa med 10 % per år. Flexit har idag ca 200 anställda och en omsättning på ca 550 miljoner NOK per år. Tack vare denna expansion ökar marknadsandelarna, vilket leder till en ökad efterfrågan av Flexits produkter. Dagens produktion av proffsaggregat, den största modellen av Flexits produkter, kan dock inte möta den prognostiserade efterfrågan. För att kunna möta den nya efterfrågan måste Flexit öka kapaciteten i produktionen av proffsaggregaten samt effektivisera materialflödet inom fabriken. Examensarbetet antog en mixad metologi och har beaktats som en fallstudie med Flexit som fallföretag. Data har samlats in med hjälp av semistrukturerade- och kontextuella intervjuer, observationer samt tidsstudier. Data analyserades via ett analytiskt ramverk inspirerat av innehållsanalys. Målet med detta examensarbete var att presentera ett antal förbättringsförslag som vid implementering leder Flexit till ett effektivare materialflöde och en ökad kapacitet av produktionen av proffsaggregat. Inspirationen till dessa förbättringsförslag grundar sig i de idéer och verktyg som presenteras i produktionsfilosofierna Toyota Produktion System, Lean Production och Total Quality Managemnet. För att etablera dessa förbättringsförslag strukturerades examensarbetet i tre delar. Detta för att på ett pedagogiskt sätt leda läsaren genom de resultat och slutsatser som har genererats under projektets gång. I del 1 hanteras värdeflödesanalys, där målet var att identifiera slöserier, effektivisera monteringsstegen samt att jämna ut produktionen. I det framtida läget av värdeflödesanalysen jämnas process- och personalbeläggningen ut, begränsande monteringsprocesser får en ökad kapacitet och implementeringen av en Telfer minskar genomloppstiden samt ökar säkerhet för montörerna. Det framtida läget beräknas öka Flexits maxproduktionskapacitet med upp till 77 %. I del 2 används systematic layout planning (SLP) för att effektivisera materialflödet och minimera transporter inom fabriken. Resultatet från del 1 tas med in i del 2 och påverkar resultatet av SLP. Genom spaghettidiagram och SLP identifierades transport- och rörelseslöserier. Med hjälp av SLP genererades ett nytt layoutförslag som effektiviserar materialflödet och minskar de onödiga transporter inom Flexits fabrik med 75 %. I kapitel 8 presenteras en sammanställning av resultaten från de två första delarna. Om de förbättringsförslag som presenterats implementeras beräknas Flexit spara ca 2 miljoner kronor mellan perioden 2017-25. I del 3 presenteras även ett underlag för hur Flexit kan grunda ett arbete med ständiga förbättringar. Ständiga förbättringar etableras via implementeringen av Kaizen och 5s, vilket kommer hjälpa Flexit att utveckla och förbättra dessa förbättringsförslag ytterligare, samt leda dem mot en fortsatt utveckling. I och med utvecklingen av arbetet med ständiga förbättringar identifierades ett teoretiskt gap mellan organisatoriskt lärande, innovationer och ständiga förbättringar. Genom att etablera ett ständigt förbättringsarbete, där en öppen och aktiv företagskultur uppmuntrar till innovation, kan ett organisatoriskt lärande växa fram. / Flexit AB is Norway’s largest manufacturer and supplier of air handling units and central vacuum. The company is growing and has now expanded over the borders of Norway with the vision to become the largest manufacturer and supplier in the Nordic region and continuously grow by 10 % a year. Flexit has about 200 employees and a turnover of approximately 550 millions NOK a year. Thanks to this expansion, an increase in market shares has occurred, leading to an increasing demand for Flexit’s products.Today’s production of Professional units, the largest model of Flexit’s products, can not meet the forecasted demand. To be able to meet the new demand, Flexit must increase the capacity of the production of Professional units and streamline the flow of materials within the factory. The thesis adopted a mixed metodology and decided that a case study was the most relevant research design. Data were collected through semi-structured- and context interviews, observations and time studies. Data were analyzed using an analytical framework inspired from content analysis. The aim of this thesis was to present a number of improvement proposals (IP) which will help Flexit achieve a more efficient material flow and an increased capacity of the production of Professional units. The inspiration for these IP’s is based on the ideas and tools presented within the management philosophies of the Toyota Production System, Lean Production and Total Quality Management. To be able to establish these IP’ls the thesis were structured in three different parts. In this educational way, the reader is lead through the results and conclusions of the three parts, which is generated through the thesis. Part 1 dealt with Value stream mapping (VSM), were the goal was to identify waste, improve the efficiency of the assembly steps and to even out the production. In the future state of the VSM the process –and staff occupancy was evened out, limiting assembly processes gets an increased capacity and the implementation of a Telfer reduce throughput time and increases the safety for the workers. The future state is expected to increase Flexits maximum production capacity with up to 77 %. In part 2, Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) is used to streamline the flow of material and to minimize the transports within the factory. The result from the VSM in part 1 is included in part 2 and affects the outcome of SLP. With spaghetti diagrams and SLP the thesis identifies transport –and moment waste. Using SLP, the thesis generated a new factory layout, which streamlines the flow of material and reduces the unnecessary movements within Flexit’s factory by 75 %. In part 3, a summary of the results from the first two parts is presented. If the IP’s presented in this thesis is implemented by Flexit, they can save up to two millions (Kr) between 2017-25. Part 3 also presents a basis for how Flexit can establish a continuous improvement (CI) program. This program is established through the implementation of Kaizen and 5s, which will help Flexit develop and improve the IP’s and help them towards continued development. With the development of the CI program, a theoretical gap between organizational learning, innovation and CI was identified. By establishing a CI program in an organization, where an open and active organizational culture encourages innovation, an organizational learning will emerge.

In this thesis was a model developed, in order to improve deficiencies in existing literature regarding the layout problem and to give companies a comprehensible user-friendly procedure on how to design competitive production processes, plant layouts and material handling systems. The model consists of six phases that can be used sequentially in order to design, evaluate, implement and maintain effective plant layouts and material handling systems. The model can also be used to examine and optimize processes. The first four phases of the model were tested successfully in a case study at Holtab AB, a medium sized manufacturing company in Tingsryd.